When was the revolutionary wave?

Submitted by catch on 19 September, 2007 - 11:49.

This has come up on the feature thread, thought it was worthy of it's own discussion.

I think most of us put it between 1917-21 - starting towards the end of WWII framed loosely by the Russian revolution, and including Germany, Hungary, Japan, Brazil etc However there's plenty that falls outside in both directions:

1905+ founding of the IWW, first Russian Revolution, Mexican Revolution, "Era of popular violence" in Japan

1921+ British seamans strikes, General Strike 1926, Shanghai commune 1927.

There's also an argument that it really started in 1871 and finished 1939 - although that'd be more "revolutionary epoch" since you can't call 70 years a "wave" (or arguable 20-odd).

Either way would be curious to see what other people think - to what extent those events should be considered distinct, inter-related etc.

--

19 September, 2007 - 16:38

1905 in Russia certainly opens up a period of mass strikes which prepared the ground for the revolutionary wave. The wave itself was however inseperable from the imperialist war of 1914-18 and went further in its methods and goals than anything that had preceded it. It reached its height in 1917-19 and then began to go into retreat, but I would place Britain 1926 and China 1927 as its 'last gasps'. The July uprising in Spain in 1936 was in one sense a delayed reaction but by that time the counter-revolution had triumphed on a global scale.

The early editions of Bilan, the journal of the Italian communist left, used to carry this masthead:
1917 Lenin, 1919 Noske, 1933 Hitler.

19 September, 2007 - 21:01

For once, I agree more with Alf here, and disagree with John & Ed on the other thread. It seems a little odd to separate 1905 from 1917 if one wants to understand 1917-21, when 1905 did seem to usher in the whole era. To go for 1917-21 is to fixate too much around Russian events and 'great moments of history', in a variation of the bourgeois 'great men of history'. It's better to emphasise the developing process rather than the isolated high points. I'd suggest;
1905-27- for reasons prev. discussed on other thread - inc. pre-1917- Russia 1905 , formation of IWW 1905, Mexican revolution 1910, Dublin 1913-16.
1934-45 - Asturias revolt, a prelude to Spanish events 1936-7 which presage WWII. Plus internationalist resistance during WWII.
1953-59 - Czech, Polish revolts, Hungary 56, Cuban revolution 1959.
Bit tricky here cos Hungary was very influential on formation of 60s libertarian left (ie, mass defections from CPs ultimately leading to formation of Solidarity etc) so a case for 56 being start of 60s-70s wave.
1960s-85 - May 68, Italy, Winter of Discontent etc up to defeat of Miners Strike.
1990-present; er, Poll Tax and lots of defeats. One could argue about the Zapatistas.
There'll always be disputed grey areas....

19 September, 2007 - 22:17
Ret Marut wrote:
, Dublin 1913-16.

Well 1913 maybe but then its really the 1919-22 period across the south of Ireland with Dublin actually not being very relevant
see http://www.wsm.ie/story/702 for an article archive on that period, I think only one of those articles is in the libcom library so far

19 September, 2007 - 22:26
Ret Marut wrote:
1905-27- for reasons prev. discussed on other thread

I agree with this(although I'm not sure it's a great title for the feature).

Quote:
1934-45 - Asturias revolt, a prelude to Spanish events 1936-7 which presage WWII. Plus internationalist resistance during WWII.

Also 1934 was also the aborted insurrection in Portugal, It's mentioned in the Phil Mailer book, but apart from that brief mention I've not seen much on it. I think the 1928-3x peasant and workers revolts against the first and second five year plans need to be added to this as well - although there's very little information they seem on a pretty big scale. All of this defensive following the reaction after the failure of the first wave.

After the war,Renault, Ruhr, then the US coal strikes (the ones Dunayevska wrote about) and Japan Miike strike (also coal, plus others afaik) in about 1950, British housing occupations from '45/'46. Not on a big scale but I'd like to see what else was going on alongside these.

Quote:
1953-59 - Czech, Polish revolts, Hungary 56, Cuban revolution 1959.

'60s starting in '56 (and the '70s starting in '68-69) seems sensible enough.

19 September, 2007 - 22:34

Dublin 1913-16 lol, just cos some numpty nationalists took over a Post Office, Biscuit Park and Park....

19 September, 2007 - 22:45

Huh i think theres a pretty big diffrence between the events of 1905 and the wave of upheaval around and following WW1, since they had different scales, a world war unfloding in the back drop and most importantly different organisational forms. In the same way the year of revolutions in 1848 can be marked out as being a world apart from the paris commune.

19 September, 2007 - 22:46

I would call most of these "revolutions" spikes in the class struggle, which tended to erupt after the privations of WW1. Especially in those countries where the ruling classes - aristocratic and capitalist - were disunited and incapable of unity.

Certainly sections of the working class - usually particular political groupings - sought to extend the class struggles into revolutions via armed insurrections, but those in themselves don't constitute revolutionary 'wave'.

19 September, 2007 - 22:55
cantdocartwheels wrote:
Huh i think theres a pretty big diffrence between the events of 1905 and the wave of upheaval around and following WW1, since they had different scales, a world war unfloding in the back drop and most importantly different organisational forms. In the same way the year of revolutions in 1848 can be marked out as being a world apart from the paris commune.

Except the soviets and factory committees (kinda) were thrown up in 1905, to resurface around February 1917. The Russo-Japanese war also led to the Hibiya riots (not much class content) - which began the Era of Popular Violence upto the rice riots 1918 (loads of class content), with some big strikes in 1912-1914 as well. PLenty of other countries also had quite a long run-up with insurrections put down, repression etc. before the big events got played out.

The IWW was pretty much done for by 1917, same with some other events already mentioned. I don't think anyone's claiming it's on the same scale, but there was a continuity - and an international one, between 1905 and 1917 seen in both the spread of mass strikes and insurrections, and the growth of working class organisations. So to understand what happened towards the end of WWI, it's necessary to look at the foundations laid beforehand. 1926-27 were much smaller as well, but I think we can safely say it was part of the same series of events.

19 September, 2007 - 23:45
revol wrote:
Dublin 1913-16 lol, just cos some numpty nationalists took over a Post Office, Biscuit Park and Park....

As if that was all that happened, ffs roll eyes I said 1913-16, not Easter 1916. So there was no significant class struggle in Dublin during that period? No big strikes, lockouts, ICA (for all its faults)? Unless you think everything mentioned has to be an actual revolution? confused JoeBlack2's comment is more valid, as stuff did also happen elsewhere, eg Cork soviets etc. But if one is to deal with 1913 it'd be odd not to deal with its culmination in 1916. It depends on what you want to include in the 'wave' periods. Any account has to deal with defeats of class struggle including its diversions into nationalism & statism and its clashes with them - as in 1916 & 1936. I also mentioned the Cuban revolution - you could just as easily dismiss its mention cos Castro came to power - leading you to ignore the Cuban anarchists, their participation, resistance and repression, and its role in the Cold War etc. But don't let all that get in the way of another shallow dismissal.

19 September, 2007 - 23:49

no but there was equivalent industrial struggles in plenty of places around the world (including Belfast) and they don't get included because it didn't end up in a retarded blood sacrifice.

I mean if Dublin can get included for between 1913 and 1916 then surely Belfast must be in it, not to metnion the Dockers Strike of 1907 that saw a police mutiny as well.

to be honest i'm wary of this bollox of trying to fit things into this 'revolutionary wave' in the first place, afterall the closest the Uk has ever got to modern revolution was in 1926.

20 September, 2007 - 00:01
revol68 wrote:
no but there was equivalent industrial struggles in plenty of places around the world (including Belfast) and they don't get included because it didn't end up in a retarded blood sacrifice.

More likely in Ret's case because there's very little information about them compared to Ireland. I only found about about the events in Japan in any depth 2-3 months ago.

Quote:
then surely Belfast must be in it, not to metnion the Dockers Strike of 1907 that saw a police mutiny as well.

I really, really want to see an article on this 1907 dockers trike and police mutiny. Do you (Organise!) have one (or know of a decent one) already?

Quote:
to be honest i'm wary of this bollox of trying to fit things into this 'revolutionary wave' in the first place, afterall the closest the Uk has ever got to modern revolution was in 1926.

Which suggests that the years 1905-1927 were a particular high point in class struggle. The whole point of this feature is to show that there was more to the international class struggle at the time than Russia 1917 - which is all the vast majority of people have ever heard of. No revolution has been successful, and the aborted insurrections, the places that never got past large scale strikes, these are as important to understanding the dynamic as the major events. That's the whole point of it.

20 September, 2007 - 00:08
Quote:
More likely in Ret's case because there's very little information about them compared to Ireland. I only found about about the events in Japan in any depth 2-3 months ago.

yeah that's kind of my point the only reaosn it gets heard of an alligned with the 'revolutionary wave' is cause lots of daft socialists imagined it was some revolutionary insurrection by the working class, in truth 1916 had more in line with a long legacy of failed nationalist uprisings that had swept through modern Europe.

Organise! (of old ie IWA) i'm sure have had articles about the Dockers Strike (i'm pretty sure of it), but there plenty of histories of it by various sources.

20 September, 2007 - 00:10
Quote:
they don't get included because it didn't end up in a retarded blood sacrifice.

Well I wouldn't myself reduce the content of that time to that - but the eventual outcome was significant as to the limits of the class struggle. And nothing is final as to what is included - that's partly the point of this thread, presumably. I'm in two minds a bit myself about the 'wave' categorisation - as we see, the boundaries are controversial and quite subjective. Maybe 'revolutionary wave' is misleading, as much of it was a high point but not revolutionary. Yet it was all influenced by the revolutions that did occur. (To state the obvious...)
Maybe Belfast should be in it too, dunno enough myself to say. I actually edited after I first posted to add 'Dublin 1913-16' as an afterthought.

20 September, 2007 - 00:17
revol wrote:
yeah that's kind of my point the only reaosn it gets heard of an alligned with the 'revolutionary wave' is cause lots of daft socialists imagined it was some revolutionary insurrection by the working class,

That's not why I mentioned it - I don't wanna derail this thread into a debate on Irish history, but I think the road from the 1913 lockout to the ICA to Easter, the dynamic between class struggle/nationalism is interesting and instructive. Partly, to see why it wasn't a "revolutionary insurrection by the working class".

20 September, 2007 - 00:29
Catch quote wrote:
I really, really want to see an article on this 1907 dockers trike and police mutiny. Do you (Organise!) have one (or know of a decent one)
already?

We (WSM) actually don't seem to have much specificaly on this. There is a short article at http://www.indymedia.ie/article/82459 about it and an outline in note form at http://www.wsm.ie/internal_article/158. It is placed in the larger historical context at http://www.wsm.ie/story/702 especially at http://www.wsm.ie/story/2363.

There is probably some of our old stuff on the struggle site at www.struggle.ws but i amn't arsed going through it.

20 September, 2007 - 00:30

double post

20 September, 2007 - 00:32
Dust wrote:
Catch quote wrote:
I really, really want to see an article on this 1907 dockers trike and police mutiny. Do you (Organise!) have one (or know of a decent one)
already?

We (WSM) actually don't seem to have much specificaly on this. There is a short article at http://www.indymedia.ie/article/82459 about it and an outline in note form at http://www.wsm.ie/internal_article/158. It is placed in the larger historical context at http://www.wsm.ie/story/702 especially at http://www.wsm.ie/story/2363.

There is probably some of our old stuff on the struggle site at www.struggle.ws but i amn't arsed going through it.

Thanks! Off to bed now but I'll check those out later.

20 September, 2007 - 00:39
catch wrote:
I really, really want to see an article on this 1907 dockers trike and police mutiny.

WSM article on 1907 strike at http://www.wsm.ie/story/2886

Longer analysis of class struggle in the north in the 1886-1922 period at http://www.wsm.ie/story/2363

20 September, 2007 - 00:56

And one I've forgotten, this one is an MP3 file for those who don't like the reading

Audio: Syndicalism in Ireland (1hr, 12mb)
Historian and author of Syndicalism in Ireland Emmet O'Connors talk to the 2nd Dublin Anarchist bookfair

The audio is an mp3 file, around one hour long and 12mb
http://www.indymedia.ie/attachments/mar2007/emmet.mp3

22 September, 2007 - 13:11

Well, I think the answer is to call it 1917-1921, but then include events from 1905 to 1927 (and mention the Spanish Civil War as the definitive close).

Either that, or call it just "revolutionary wave" - and find something else to call features about the late '50s, late '60s etc. - which might be better anyway.

22 September, 2007 - 17:47

Agree that 1917-21 is the core with 1905 the precursor; '27 China an important defeat and 36 Spain a must for inclusion, tho people will disagree over its international context.

Without wanting to complicate things, 1905 itself was IMO the high point of an 'international wave' of struggle marked especially by the 1901 Barcelona rail strike (which spread for the first time to engineering workers); 1902 in Belgium and Sweden (in which political demands - for universal suffrage - were mixed with economic demands); 1903 - generalised strike on Dutch railways and mass strike in Russia and, most importantly, the Italian mass movements of 1904 in which "for the first time in the history of the workers' movement, workers in several big northern industrial cities formed workers councils." (according to the ICC's Dutch and German Communist Left pamphlet, quoting R Paris's Histoire du Fascisme en Italie, ed Maspero, 1962, p45). There was also an important movement in the US during this period, but I've mislaid the info at present.

During the events in Russia/Poland 1905, the Ruhr miners in Germany launched in January a large-scale struggle, spontaneously, outside of union directives, which was later denounced by the union leadership. All of which is just meant as 'context' for 1905 itself.

PS: ICC article on Belfast 07, based on John Gray's account 'City in Revolt: Jim Larkin and the Belfast Dock Strike 1907' is at http://en.internationalism.org/icconline/2007/sept/belfast-1907

22 September, 2007 - 23:52
catch wrote:
Well, I think the answer is to call it 1917-1921, but then include events from 1905 to 1927 (and mention the Spanish Civil War as the definitive close).

Either that, or call it just "revolutionary wave" - and find something else to call features about the late '50s, late '60s etc. - which might be better anyway.

The library and history articles need reorganising so that the library becomes easier to navigate. So periodising seems the sensible way to do it, if not perfect. But if stuff is to be included from 1905-27 it makes more sense to call it 'revolutionary wave 1905-1927'. Later on the period(s) prior to 1905 might get done and it could get messy if 1905-17 is in a kind of limbo, neither here nor there.

But I think what is to be included in the 'revolutionary wave' tag/category needs to be defined. Is it any topical text/historical account written in that period, does it include all significant political events or what? (See what happened when I mentioned Dublin 1913-16.)

23 September, 2007 - 07:57
Ret Marut wrote:

The library and history articles need reorganising so that the library becomes easier to navigate. So periodising seems the sensible way to do it, if not perfect.

We'll eventually have a full chronology (possibly with fancy timeline software) - so that's not really the issue here. I think it's worth having sections for these 'international high points of struggle', but the plan is eventually to have features on different regions, other stuff as well.

Quote:
But if stuff is to be included from 1905-27 it makes more sense to call it 'revolutionary wave 1905-1927'. Later on the period(s) prior to 1905 might get done and it could get messy if 1905-17 is in a kind of limbo, neither here nor there.

Hmm yeah that does make sense.

Quote:
But I think what is to be included in the 'revolutionary wave' tag/category needs to be defined. Is it any topical text/historical account written in that period, does it include all significant political events or what? (See what happened when I mentioned Dublin 1913-16.)

We've got the decades tags - and eventually we'll have a full date system in place, so no need to cram everything possible in. For me it's trying to give an overview of the more significant events in each country/region (including the defeats). fwiw the Irish Citizens Army was linked from the first post on the feature thread for weeks without a peep from revol.

23 September, 2007 - 11:37
catch wrote:
cantdocartwheels wrote:
Huh i think theres a pretty big diffrence between the events of 1905 and the wave of upheaval around and following WW1, since they had different scales, a world war unfloding in the back drop and most importantly different organisational forms. In the same way the year of revolutions in 1848 can be marked out as being a world apart from the paris commune.

Except the soviets and factory committees (kinda) were thrown up in 1905, to resurface around February 1917. The Russo-Japanese war also led to the Hibiya riots (not much class content) - which began the Era of Popular Violence upto the rice riots 1918 (loads of class content), with some big strikes in 1912-1914 as well. PLenty of other countries also had quite a long run-up with insurrections put down, repression etc. before the big events got played out.

I think the soviet of 1905 is a pretty isolated example, and it seems to me that the role of the petrograd soviet was a it over emphasised by the bolsheviks and the rest of the russian social democrats to play up their role in the events of 1905. Indeed by the end of the struggle the petrograd soviet was little more than trotsky and a bunch of leftist intellectuals sitting down making decrees on their own and opposing strike action I think its importnat to point out that the revolutionary wave of 1914 onwards was not a series of isolated events, these were internationally linked movements where hundreds of thousands of people beleived they were bringing about a new society on a global scale and most importantly they belived they'd see it in their lifetime. Its not really comparable to the smaller riots and uprisings that had gone before in my opinion nor cqan it be compared to the mass social democratic parties. Its not simply a 'matter of scale'', since the global scale of the revolutions from 1917 onwards gave them and entirely different character. Well that'd be my opinon on it anyways.