california prison riot & racial ideology

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husunzi
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Aug 23 2009 14:53
california prison riot & racial ideology

I'd like to learn more information than what is divulged by this report, & I really hope some of the details aren't true (note prison authorities are the only sources cited). Probably the saddest part is that 250 prisoners were injured & not a single guard was hurt, and apparently this political cannibalism was shaped, if not caused, by racial ideology. It might be worth comparing this to the juvenile race-based identity politics tearing apart a section of the US anarchist movement, except in this case it looks like the conflict was mainly between Black & Latino prisoners. I just don't want it to be true that prisoners would attack each other because of their "race" instead of attacking their obvious oppressors.

Correction:
What I missed at first is that this was reported as a conflict between gangs, but the point remains: these gangs seem to be defined by race/ethnicity.

Quote:
[...] The 11-hour riot, at the Reception Center West at the California Institution for Men in Chino, about 40 miles east of Los Angeles, broke down along racial lines, with black prison gangs fighting Latino gangs in hand-to-hand combat, the authorities said.

No prison employees were injured, no deaths were reported, and no inmates escaped, state officials said. But 10 of the 33 prisons in the state system were put on lockdown to prevent unrest from spreading. Those 10 were in the southern part of the state.

Damage to the 1,300-inmate medium-security prison was “significant and extensive,” said a spokesman, Lt. Mark Hargrove. One housing unit was virtually destroyed by fire, Lieutenant Hargrove said. The other housing areas were so badly damaged that they were uninhabitable, he said, so some inmates were being temporarily housed in tents while others were sent to alternate prisons.

With more than 150,000 inmates, the California prison system is one of the most crowded in the nation, with many of its facilities holding more than double the number of inmates they were designed for. A federal three-judge panel ruled last week that crowding and poor health care caused one avoidable inmate death each week and that the system was “impossible to manage.”

Lieutenant Hargrove said prisoners had smashed windows, torn down gates and used whatever they could to battle one another in the riot.

“Inmates broke out glass and used shards as knives,” he said. “They used pieces of metal, wood, whatever they could break off the walls, pipes.”

The Chino prison is trying to put into effect a 2005 Supreme Court decision that prohibits automatic and systematic racial segregation of prison inmates after more than three decades of racial separation in the corrections system.

Lieutenant Hargrove said that inmates could now opt out of segregation and that a growing number of black, Latino and white prisoners shared cells, increasing racial tensions in the prison.

“All races had injuries,” Lieutenant Hargrove said of the weekend riot. “But there are a greater number of injuries among Hispanic and black inmates. And we did have another incident that occurred in May, a riot between blacks and Hispanics, and this may be associated with that incident.”

Prison officials said they were still questioning inmates to understand what set off the uprising. They said no demands or complaints had been directed at the guards.

Inmates in one of seven 200-man housing units began brawling around 8:20 p.m. Saturday, officials said. Overwhelmed guards set off an alarm and retreated as unrest spread.

Thirty minutes later, a crisis response team of about 80 guards arrived, but the chaos inside prevented them from entering. Guards watched as prisoners constructed barricades of broken bunk beds, desks and other furniture and clashed in the prison yards and on rooftops.

As inmates tired on Sunday and fighting died down, guards re-entered the prison and reasserted control, officials said, staving off sporadic attacks from prisoners throwing scrap metal and glass.

Lieutenant Hargrove said that the entire prison was being treated as a crime scene and that new charges would probably be filed against prisoners who participated in the violence, which was mainly between inmates.

In its order last week, the court directed the state to come up with a plan to reduce its prison population by 40,000 inmates within two years. Attorney General Jerry Brown, a possible candidate for governor next year, said he would probably appeal the ruling.

Barry Krisberg, the president of the National Council on Crime and Delinquency in Oakland, said the riot illustrated the many problems plaguing the state prison system, including growing cost overruns and pending cuts.

“There are proposals to eliminate all programs including reducing visiting days for inmates participating in programs,” Mr. Krisberg said. “But if you isolate these men from their families and cut down even the most basic educational and counseling programs, you’re going to create more idleness, and this is what happens.

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Steven.
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Aug 10 2009 10:42

I would have thought that this would be more to do with gang activity than racial ideology.

Of course, most gangs, especially in US prisons have a very strong ethnic component.

Many prison advocates or prison radicals claim that prison officials policy actually encourages and helps strengthen these divisions between the prisoners, which keep violence between prisoners and prevents solidarity between them against prison authorities.

There was a lot of good writing about this sort of stuff in the 60s and 70s, a good few useful articles on this site as well, particularly on Attica, George Jackson, etc

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husunzi
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Aug 10 2009 11:19
Steven. wrote:
Many prison advocates or prison radicals claim that prison officials policy actually encourages and helps strengthen these divisions between the prisoners, which keep violence between prisoners and prevents solidarity between them against prison authorities.

It certainly makes sense for them to do that - it's sad that it works & prisoners fall for it. I wonder if anyone knows any more details about yesterday's riot. I read some more reports & it definitely was inter-gang violence, but the gang identities are defined by race/ethnicity.

Black Badger
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Aug 10 2009 12:41

Prison riots generally follow gang polarities (another recent dust up at a Federal joint in California was between Mexican nationals and Mexican-Americans). The screws definitely do little to discourage affiliation. The gangs each stake out (with the help and encouragement of screws) particular aspects of the trade in contraband (usually drugs), which means that these riots are almost always about access to, and distribution of, scarce economic resources rather than ethnic/racial tensions. It's preferable for the screws to portray inmate problems in racial terms, since that cements the lure of gang affiliation among fence-sitters and folks who prefer to remain autonomous--it's the best defensive strategy for individuals (so they say)--plus it keeps the divide and rule regime intact. In addition, it maintains the public relations line that more money is needed for more guards (don't forget that the thoroughly corrupt prison guards' union is the most powerful lobby in California) to keep these violent racial gangs in check. The riots also keep the general public afraid of convicts, which was one of the reasons the "Three Strikes" rule is still in force.

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Hieronymous
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Aug 10 2009 17:30
Steven. wrote:
There was a lot of good writing about this sort of stuff in the 60s and 70s...

And it continued into more recent times. One of the best accounts of how the whole agenda changed from rehabilitation to pure punishment is Eric Cummins' 1994 book The Rise and Fall of California's Radical Prison Movement. You see how a generation of prisoners, like Eldridge Cleaver, were radicalized by the liberal rehabilitative ideas of "bibliotherapy." When reading the Great Books led to places like San Quentin converting prisoners to revolutionaries, they had to change the agenda of incarceration into a form of punishment which rejects the possibility of redemption. Which was helped by the the vanguardist ideas of the prisoners themselves, like George Jackson et al., conceiving of themselves as leading the revolution from inside. Which is an absurd idea. The whole reaction to that era led to the neo-con regime of life in prison without parole, called LWOP, due to things like "three strikes" mentioned above.

I think Jimmy Carr's Bad is a good critique of how that era played out with the Black Panthers in California.

I know someone in Southern California who was in a rural minimum security facility of the LA County Jail during a recent system-wide lockdown because of rioting last year. She was incommunicado for nearly 2 weeks because they cut off contact with the outside for all prisoners in order to regain control. The guards do pit races and gangs against each other in a divide-and-conquer strategy that sometimes backfires, as it did yesterday.

But on the flipside sometimes prisoners bridge those ethnic and racial divides, as they did in 1993 in the Lucasville (Ohio) Uprising. At 11 days, it was the longest in U.S. history (where deaths occurred). Strangely, it was eclipsed in the news because it happened at exactly the same time as the attack on the Branch Davidian compound in Waco, Texas. During the Lucasville Uprising, the Aryan Brotherhood, the Black Gangster Disciples, and the Muslims came together as a "class" and fought in unity against the prison authorities and the state. Slogans written in the occupied parts of the prison read "Convict Race" and "Black and White Together." 10 people were killed, mostly snitches, as well as 1 guard. Yet unlike Attica, a negotiated settlement was reached. Those who had crossed over race lines created by the whole prison system, and reinforced by the guards at Lucasville, to negotiate a bloodbath and bring a peaceful end are on deathrow, convicted in the uprisings' deaths by snitches. They are called the Lucasville 5.

An excellent account by Staughton Lynd tells the story of George Skatzes, now on death row for the Lucasville Uprising, and how he went into the Aryan Brotherhood not because he was a racist but for mere survival because of the guard-created racial tensions inside the prison. A brief account by Lynd is here:

http://fellow_worker.gnn.tv/headlines/5495/Black_and_White_and_Dead_All_Over_The_Lucasville_Insurrection.monthlyreview.org/200lynd.htm

And book-length account is Lucasville: The Untold Story of a Prison Uprising, also by Lynd.

petey
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Aug 10 2009 17:50
Hieronymous wrote:
he went into the Aryan Brotherhood not because he was a racist but for mere survival because of the guard-created racial tensions inside the prison.

i know nothing of prisons but i have heard this before. i read a book once by a mob killer, a true psychopath, who was of immediate greek background and sort of loud about it. in prison he was solicited by a number of groups and went with the irish because they seemed the best organized, he said.

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Aug 10 2009 18:39
Hieronymous wrote:
I think Jimmy Carr's Bad is a good critique of how that era played out with the Black Panthers in California.

The 1993 Afterword is here;
http://libcom.org/library/james-carr-black-panthers-all-that

JackR
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Aug 15 2009 01:40

I doubt this specific incident was based purely on race, that's definitely a componant though.

Gangs, and especially prison gangs, in the US are almost all based on race. The largest White gang being the Aryan Brotherhood, the largest Latino being the Mexican Mafia, and there are many large black ones. In my own city (which only has about 30,000 people) there's a Crip gang, which is almost all black, and the Chinese Mafia, which isn't so much a gang but they're all Chinese and all put pressure on the local Chinese community.

The race divide in prison started immediately after prisons were desegregated. The white prisoners only knew white prisoners so only associated with white prisoners, and same goes for other races. With the decline of whites in the prison system meant more extreme gangs filling the void, always neo-nazi gangs. It's not that all the members are nazis, but all members need protection. The influx and eventual domination of Blacks into the prison system meant that other races were marginalized, and the Black gangs expanded.

There is a dislike among Black Americans for Latinos, which would have helped provoke this brawl. With the mass immigration of Mexicans and other Hispanics to the South West there has been a marginalization of the Black community. Traditionally black neighborhoods are many times now dominated by Hispanics, and the black community feels gentrified many times by this. I beleive Watts, the black neighborhood where the famous riots took place, is now 60% Hispanic. Race definitely played in this, but it was based more on feelings of distrust due to economic disadvantage seemingly (in their eyes) provoked by the other race.

Also, the only prison gang with some sort of politics is the Black Guerilla Army, a Black Nationalist Marxist-Leninist gang with about 15,000 members. To be honest, though, they don't really emphasise the politics at all, and their founder was probably the only one who took his politics seriously.

timothyd
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Aug 18 2009 12:41

This is not case related but closely prison related, what do you think about the "prison/Jail" industry in the united states? Far as I know private prisons are on the rise, and it actually is profitable to have many people locked behind bars, and if the system is setup like this, I think it's a major problem. When locking people up becomes profitable and wanted.

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husunzi
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Aug 19 2009 07:06
Quote:
what do you think about the "prison/Jail" industry in the united states? Far as I know private prisons are on the rise, and it actually is profitable to have many people locked behind bars, and if the system is setup like this, I think it's a major problem. When locking people up becomes profitable and wanted.

Who pays for it? The federal or state government I guess? If so, then it seems like the demand side for such services would still be as limited as without privatization. I know american politicians have been complaining about prisons being a drain on funds (that was mentioned in the article at the start of this thread - that's why california politicians want to cut the number of prisoners). Prisons could be profitable if you could force prisoners to work without pay or for very low wages, but I think prisoners in the US are paid at least minimum wage (not sure how the rate is set), and evidently the cost of all the prison staff salaries, equipment etc. significantly outweighs whatever profit could be made from prisoners' labor.

So I think the reason the US has a larger percentage of its population in prison than any other country (or any first world country? i've heard this figure many times before but not sure - china certainly has a large percentage of its population in prison and labor camps too), is governmental & at least partly political, rather than economic. That is, it is easier to keep the population under control by putting a large percentage of them in prison. It may also be slightly cheaper to put them in prison than on the dole - not sure about that.

In China, on the other hand, prisons may be profitable, because at least some of them force workers to do hard labor without pay almost every waking hour. One former political prisoner I talked to said she laughed when she heard a Chinese politician boast that America's Christmas lights are made in China - because when she was in prison for three years, she had to make them about twelve hours a day, and contracted a skin disease from it.

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Aug 19 2009 10:11

The US does have the largest proportion of prisoners in the world. As far as I am aware prisoners do not have to receive minimum wage, even if they work for outside companies (but I could be wrong.)
Prison guards do play into the gang situation because it creates order and makes things more predictable, but to suggest that they're trying to provoke prison riots so enough prisoners kill each other to bring down numbers is insane. Riots in prisons are expensive (partly because the state has to bear the cost of reparis and has to carry them out.) so although they'll take advantage of them the authorities are not going to incite them.

JackR
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Aug 21 2009 02:48

Prisoners do not recieve minimum wage, and sometimes don't recieve any compensation for labor. The 13th Amendment was only made to ban private chattel slavery, but slavery is still allowed as punishment for convicts.

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Farce
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Aug 21 2009 11:21

Is slavery also still allowed as punishment for workfare recipients, or do they get minimum wage?

JackR
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Aug 22 2009 01:30

I beleive they get some form of compensation, but I don't know the amount.

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Aug 22 2009 02:39

I can't find the blog, but recently there was a similar story and a comment about how this is basically the history of black and latino relationships in American prisons.