general strike in the french Antilles
In the French Antilles (Guadeloupe and Martinique) a general strike has completely shut down economic activity on both islands since the 29th of January. The population of these islands are protesting against the cost of living in particular rising costs of essential foodstuffs and fuel. The following interview is aimed at explaining the current movement and the popular anger that launched it. The interviewee, Marcel, lives in Martinique and is a CNT-France activist.
What is the current situation in the French Antilles ?
The official unemployment rate in Martinique is 22%. 8% of the population receive the RMI ( a temporary social payment made to the unwaged). There is little industry in the Antilles, a hangover from colonial times. It was, and still is, about buying "finished" products from France and only producing raw materials for export, such as sugar cane or fruit, on the islands.
The only accepted industrial sector is the production of rum. After having long been landowners, and the true owners of the Antilles, the békés - descendants of the white plantation owners - are nowadays involved in distribution, owning the supermarkets and car dealerships. Ironically industrial work and organisation were born in the islands, long before they emerged in Great Britain. In the 18th century France was the world’s main producer of sugar and as a result had made large investments in the Antilles. The most up to date and expensive machinery was sent from Europe to the islands, along with personnel to run it. Initially they were from Europe but there were never enough qualified people and they needed to train slaves in the mainland
The organisation of work was based on a division similar to that of the 19th and 20th century workshops in Europe. But, as it was in England, it was difficult to recruit enough workers. The most efficient and cynical solution was to capture slaves and transport them to the Caribbean. The exploitation ; the blood and the horror, formed a melting pot a crossroads between Europe, Africa and America.
Who lit the Flames ?
Naturally a lot of resentment has built up against the whites, even if among those who can take the wider situation into account. The anti-white racism is nothing compared to what blacks must support on the mainland.
What is true, for example, is that an business when faced with a choice between a black candidate and a white one with equal qualifications, or even a more qualified black candidate will usually pick the white one. Career progression works in the same way ; it’s not luck that allows a white to climb the ladder faster than his black colleague.
But what has set of the protests now is simply the cost of living in a country where the average salary is much lower than in France and where the price of essential goods is often three times higher than in the mainland.
What precedents can be found in previous struggles in the Antilles ?
The largest pre-war movement came after the assassination of André Aliker, the editor of the communist newspaper ’Justice’ which denounced the corruption and greed of the békés.His funeral, in 1935, brought together a massive crowd. Several months later with the support of the popular front the island’s first union was created, the CGTM.
It is from this period that the first employment laws on the island date ; even if they’re often not enforced.
I will limit myself here, there’s a lot I could mention ! So much has happened in the last 50 years in Martinique. The strikes and riots of 1959, when security forces committed unheard of violence when they opened fire crowds of demonstrators. This lead the municipal council, whose mayor had been Aimé Césaire since 1945, to call for independance. Finally we could mention the repression of the banana workers’ strike in 1974 ; when the CRS troops in helicopters fired machine guns at crowds of demonstrators, killing and wounding a number of people. The singer Kolo Bart has recently evoked this massacre, of which we’ve recently commemorated the 25th anniversary, in a song.
How is the movement in Martinique organised ?
There are the CNCP, local committees in each area, nationalists and anti-colonialists very close to the MIM whose leader Alfred MARIE-JEANNE is president of the regional council.
The unions regardless of afiliation seem to be relatively more powerful than in the mainland. Their unity in action came about spontaneously, which led quickly to cohesive mass action.
What is specific influence of independent unionism ? What are the specific demands ?
There is a growing tendancy to demand more and more. Especially in Guadeloupe where the UGTG won 51% percent of the votes in the recent elections to the employment tribunals. Its methods are radical, reminiscent of North American trade unionism. It’s not a good idea to oppose a stirke that they’ve called. Bosses and businessmen who ignore their orders will pay dearly for it. In general they always obey the UGTG’s orders. During each strike they encourage workers to join the unions.
The UTGT, like the UTGM brings creole culture and identity to the forefront ; the fight against colonialism and the békés. They want to develope a polyculture allowing the islands to achieve sulf-sufficiency. The same goes for industry, they want to create on the islands what they currently lack.
Interview by Jérémie, International Secretary of the CNT.
Translation : Jeff Costello
http://fr.internationalism.org/icconline/2009/la_lutte_massive_nous_montre_le_chemin_solidarite_avec_les_travailleurs_aux_antilles.htmler, jef, just translate this one as well while you're about it....
You can read french too Alf. I've got 5000 words due in on Monday morning.
I'll give it a read Monday night and if it's good and I can do it (ie no jargon I have to look up) then I'll give it a go.
Sorry - should make it clear: this is my attempt at translating the above link:
The massive struggle shows us the way: solidarity with the workers of the Antilles
The strike since 20th January in Guadeloupe, has made its mark in Martinique since the 5th February and threatens to spread to Reunion and Guyana, the other overseas départements. This is not an exotic conflict it is truly an authentic expression of the international resurgence of class struggle which is testimony to a general rise in anger and combativeness amongst workers faced with high living expenses and worsening conditions and wages.
Average prices in the Antilles are between 35 and 50% higher than in Metropolitan France.( carrots 164%, endives 135%, leeks 107%, meat or chicken more than 50% and apples for example are double the price), unemployment is at 24% officially - 56% amongst people under 25 – (This territory also has more than 52 000 RMIstes). Despite the strength of nationalist feeling amongst unionists (“autonomist” or “indépendantist”), the 146 demands put forward by the strikers are all linked to the question of attacks on the standard of living: lower immediately the price of fuels, lower the price of all the most important products, lower taxes and impositions, freeze rents, raise wages by 200 euros for all workers and also pensions for the retired and income support, lower the price of water and public transport, bring in formal contracts for insecure private sector workers comparable to those in the public sector. The popularity of these demands like the obstinacy of the struggle testifies also to the level of the mobilisation and the combativeness of the workers, the same can be said of the demonstrations in France on 29th January, the recent riots of young proletarians in Greece, the demonstrations in Iceland and the recent strikes in Great Britain.
Despite the media propaganda suggesting the importance of local identity supported by cultural associations (demonstrations and rhythmic chants to the traditional drum), and above all with their hype around demands from “creoles” towards the “békés” and a nationalist or anti-colonial tone, these traditional characteristics of the movement in the Antilles have been constantly relegated to the second level. The collective LKP (Union against over-profits) which includes 49 organisations, unions, political groups, cultural associations and clubs, and its charismatic leader Elie Domota have searched to direct a struggle which clearly puts to the forefront the exploitation of the workers.
We must salute the solidarity of this massive and unified strike which shows the way in which the whole of the working class must today engage in the face of a general deterioration of its living conditions.
Since the start of the strike there are no buses running, schools, universities, hypermarkets, administrative offices and most businesses have been shut. The port, the commercial centre and the industrial zone at Pointe-a-Pitre have been deserted. There again, faced with lack of food or petrol a true class solidarity has been expressed, exercised at all levels between parents, friends or neighbours. The protest movements against the high cost of living started on the 16th and 17th December 2008 with some protests in the streets of Pointe-a-Pitre and of Basse-Terre though the prefect refused to receive a delegation of strikers which was judged to be too large and there access to the prefecture was stopped by the deployment of numerous police officers.
In Guadaloupe the demonstration of the 30th January at Pointe-a-Pitre started with some thousands and quickly reached 65000 demonstrators in the centre of the town. It was the biggest demonstration ever in the islands (relative to the population of the island). Equivalent to having 10 million in the streets of Paris.
One thousand school children and college students joined the workers on strike. Le palais de La Mutualité de Pointe-aPitre became a rallying point, a place for expression, for debate or for numerous workers and in particular some workers have been able to find the words to discuss their anger or helplessness in the face of the conditions of their existence. In one of the first negotiation meetings, on the 26th january, some journalists and striking technicians from Radio-France Outre-mer (RFO) had placed some cameras in the meeting room and loud speakers on the outside of the building in order to allow everyone to follow directkly all of the negotiations.
Just as in Guadaloupe, on the basis of the same demands and with the same slogans there were 20000 demonstrators in the streets of Fort-de-France on the 9th February
The coming of Yves Jégo, the Seretary of State for l'otre-mer on the island has allowed most of 115 fuel stations to be re-opened (the owners were on strike as well) on the promise that the opening of certain new automatic stations by the big petrol companies will be limited. The sub-ministry has made multiple other promises in order to attempt to defuse the conflict (lower taxes on petrol products, on dairy foods, reduction of tax on dwellings and local taxes) and has even undertaken to help the negotiations with the equivalent of 130 euros of exonerations per worker. The negotiation on the 200 euros of monthly wage increase was itself under way between the bosses and the unions, under the aegis of the prefect. Jégo was reminded of this by the Prime Minister, Fillon, and was called back to Paris in short order. On his departure he made contradictory declarations (he later maintained that he had never promised anything on the subject of wage rises: “It is for the employers and the unions to negotiate in this field”, his lightening return to the island, this time practically taken off the case, flanked by two “mediators”, only stirred greater anger in the people, shocked by such contempt and such lies.
Under the pressure of the anger of the strikers and of the population in general, the unions and the LKP have been forced to take up radical positions. The call has been made for A.Gs (?) in all businesses, the “walking delegations” from one business to another have been increasing, reinforcing of pickets has been decided upon. The proposition by the regional council (supported by the local socialist party) to defuse the conflict by offering 100 euros as a monthly bonus for three months has been refused by the strikers.
On the 14th February a demonstration of more than 10000 people took place at Moule to commemorate the events of 1952 when, after a strike which had lasted three and a half months, the CRS fired on demonstrators, killing four sugar cane workers and wounding fourteen others. There is still a sugar cane factory at the place, Gardel, close to a power station, it employs more than 9000 people. In May 1967 a bloodier repression of a construction workers' demonstration saw more than one hundred die at Pointe-a-Pitre.
For some weeks, the numerous manoeuvres and trip wires used to ruin and divide the strike and defuse the movement, to move it on to a terrain purely nationalist have not succeeded. On the 16th February even though the LKP was trying to tame the road blocks in order “to denounce the blockage of negotiations”, the French Government was raising the pitch, declaring “intolerable the continuing situation” and the police had started charging demonstrators (though up to that point there had been no injuries), wounding two and proceeding to arrest fifty even if everyone was released three hours later.
In the Antilles, like in Metropolitan France and elsewhere this social tempest has started to blow which frightens the bourgeoisie. Everywhere, through the hard experience of confrontation aggravated by the crisis and the failure of capitalism, despite all the traps and the obstacles that its implacable enemies place before it. The working class is in the process of rediscovering its class identity and of waking up to slowly take notice of the power of unity and of solidarity in its ranks. It prepares itself to enter an historic period in which nothing will be able any longer to remain as before, “when those from on high can do no more and those from on low want no more” as Lenin already said nearly a century ago.
There you go. I can't vouch for the translation in all places. I am no student of French I just live in France. Still I think it's accurate in most respects. I don't know what an AG is - sorry. The last paragraph is a right giggle..... but the rest of it was well worth the time to read and translate. Hope that helps.
A.G. Assemblee generale. A general assembly, in the case of a workplace all workers would be invited to attend and it would vote on important issues. For example they might vote on strike action, whether to picket etc.
read the first part of your translation, it seems fine to me.
Thanks Ariege and Jef. Don't worry this doesn't make you ICC collaborationists or anything...
Thanks Ariege and Jef. Don't worry this doesn't make you ICC collaborationists or anything...![]()
Otherwise this would double the ICC membership in France?
jolly droll robot, although I think there should be a legal limit on 'the ICC is very small' jokes. Thanks again for the work Ariege and jef. That makes it much easier as I can do a bit of editing and put it up on our site as well. I was only half joking with my comment to jef but appreciate the help. I would like to have translated the text but am already working on another translation.
An article (in English) on the French website melanine gives historical perspective on violence by the police in the West Indies and addresses the racial issues as well as the social issues which are at stake in the movement there.
Looking beyond usual official bullshit about strikes and riots and the like, one can only notice that the Antillean movement is a bold gesture against the plague of the liberal capitalist economic system.
...
Lightly edited version of Ariege's translation on ICC online here:
http://en.internationalism.org/icconline/2009/02/strikes-antilles
Only one really politically significant correction to the translation: the term we used for the role of the 'Collective against super-exploitation' is not 'directing' but 'channellling' the strike movement, which implies that this is not a proletarian organism but a radical leftist one.
It's kind of you to put it like that Alf. To be honest the way I murder French on a daily basis when I'm with my friends and neighbours I didn't dare to imagine I'd get away with just a light editing. Still, if I have the time, and if someone more qualified isn't around, don't hesitate to ask in the future, it's bloody good for my French and more interesting than any textbook!
We'll certainly take you up on that offer!
believe me I've had to edit translations more heavily than yours...
Ariege, translation is a really good way to improve your French. It also improves your writing and analytical skills as well.
In Guadeloupe apparently the situation is almost settled with the LKP leadership signing a non-binding agreement. Apparently the deal is 80 euros a month for 45000 workers with a salary below a certain level. 50-90 euros that I'm not sure where it is coming from (govt. I think) and finally 50 euros direct from the regional govt.
In MArtinique there are still blocakdes on the major roads in the capital and there were clashes overnight. Police have had to intervene to prevent looting of at least three large shops.



http://fr.internationalism.org/icconline/2009/la_lutte_massive_nous_montre_le_chemin_solidarite_avec_les_travailleurs_aux_antilles.html
er, jef, just translate this one as well while you're about it....