North American Anarchist Thought Since 1960

Bibliography

This is the preliminary bibliography for the book. Please send us additions, changes, and corrections to editors [at] northamericananarchist.org.
Books - Nonfiction

Abbey, Edward. 1978. One Life at a Time, Please. New York: Henry Holt.
Ackelsberg, Martha. 2004. Free Women of Spain : Anarchism and the Struggle for the Emancipation of Women. Oakland, AK Press.
Aguilar, Ernesto, ed. 2004 Our Culture, Our Resistance: people of color speak out on anarchism, race, class and gender. [[http://www.illegalvoices.org/]]
Alpert, Michael. 1994. A New International History of the Spanish Civil War. New York: St. Martin's Press.
Antliff, Allan. 2001. Anarchist Modernism: Art, Politics, and the First American Avant-Garde. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Antliff, Allan. 2004. Only a Beginning: An Anarchist Anthology. Vancouver, BC: arsenal pulp press.
Apter, David E. and James Joll. 1972. Anarchism Today. New York, Anchor Books.
Avrich, Paul. 1988. Anarchist Portraits. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Avrich, Paul. 1984. The Haymarket Tragedy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Avrich, Paul. 2005. The Modern School Movement : Anarchism and Education in the United States. Oakland: AK Press.
Avrich, Paul. 1967. The Russian Anarchists. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Avrich, Paul. 1991. Sacco and Vanzetti: The Anarchist Background. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Barclay, Harold. 1997. Culture and Anarchism. Freedom Press.
Beck, Julian. 1992. Living in Volkswagen Buses: and other Songs of the Revolution 90-150. Seattle: Broken Moon Press.
Berkman, Alexander. 1992. Life of an Anarchist: The Alexander Berkman Reader. New York: Seven Stories Press.
Berman, Paul, ed. 1972. Quotations from the Anarchists. New York: Praeger.
Blechman, Max, ed. 1994. Drunken Boat #2. Brooklyn: Autonomedia, and Seattle: Left Bank Books.
Bolloten, Burnett. 1991. The Spanish Civil War: Revolution and Counterrevolution. The University of North Carolina Press.
Bookchin, Murray, Purchase, Brian Morris, Rodney Aitchtey, Robert Hart, and Chris Wilbert. 1997. Deep Ecology & Anarchism. Freedom Press.
Bookchin, Murray. 1999. Anarchism, Marxism, and teh Future of the Left: Interviews and Essays, 1993-1998. Oakland: AK Press.
Bookchin, Murray. 1990. Remaking Society: Pathways to a Green Future. Boston: South End Press.
Bookchin, Murray. 2004. Post-Scarcity Anarchism. Oakland: AK Press.
Bookchin, Murray. 1994. To Remember Spain: The Anarchist and Syndicalist Revolution of 1936. Oakland: AK Press.
Bookchin, Murray. 1998. The Spanish Anarchists: the heroic years 1868-1936. Oakland: AK Press.
Bookchin, Murray. 1996 (Vol. 1) and 1998 (Vol. 2). The Thrid Revolution: popular movements in the revolutionary era. Cassell.
Breton, Andre. Edited by Franklin Rosemont. 1978. What is Surrealism: selected writings. Monad Press.
Brown, L. Susan. 1994. The Politics of Individualism : Liberalism Liberal Feminism and Anarchism. Black Rose Books.
Bufe, Charles. 1988. The Heretic's Handbook of Quotations: Cutting Comments on Burning Issues. Tucson, See Sharp Press.
Call, Lewis. 2003. Postmodern Anarchism. Lexington Books.
Carr, E.H. 1961. Michael Bakunin. New York: Vintage Books.
Chomsky, Noam. 1969 (2005). At War With Asia. Oakland: AK Press.
Chomsky, Noam and C. P. Otero. 1988 (2004). Language and Politics. Oakland: AK Press.
Chomsky, Noam and C. P. Otero. 1981 (2003). Radical Priorities. Oakland: AK Press.
Chomsky, Noam and Barry Pateman, ed. 2005. Chomsky on Anarchism. Oakland: AK Press.
Confino, Michael, ed. 1974. Daughter of a Revolutionary: Natalie Herzen and the Bakunin/Nechayev Circle. La Salle, Ill.: Open Court.
Dark Star Collective. 2002. Quiet Rumours: An Anarcha-Feminist Reader. Oakland: AK Press.
De Cleyre, Voltairine. Sharon Presley and Crispin Sartwell, eds. 2005. Exquisite Rebel: The Essays of Voltairine de Cleyre-Anarchist, Feminist, Genius. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
De Cleyre, Voltairine. 1980. The First Mayday: the Haymarket Speeches 1895-1910. Cienfuegos Press, Libertarian Book Club, and Soil of Liberty.
Dirlik, A. 1991. Anarchism in the Chinese Revolution. California University Press.
Dolgoff, Sam. 1980. Bakunin on Anarchism. Black Rose Books.
Dolgoff, Sam, ed. 1972. Bakunin on Anarchy. New York: Knopf.
Dubovsky, Melvyn. 1969, We Shall Be Free: a history of the Industrial Workers of the World. Chicago: Quadrangle Books.
Dulles, John W.F. 1973. Anarchists and Communists in Brazil, 1900-1935. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Dunbar, Gary S. 1978. (E)lis(e)e Reclus: historian of nature. Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books.
Ehrlich, Howard J. 1996. Re-inventing Anarchy, Again. Oakland: AK Press.
Ehrlich, Howard J., Carol Ehrlich, David DeLeon, and Glenda Morris, ed. 1979. Reinventing Anarchy: What are Anarchists Thinking These Days. Boston: Routledge.
Eltzbacher, Paul. 1960. Anarchism: exponents of the anarchist philosophy. New York: Libertarian Book Club.
Ervin, Lorenzo Kom'boa. 1994. Anarchism and the Black Revolution. Philadelphia: Monkeywrench Press and The Workers Self-Education Foundation of the IWW.
Fernandez, Frank. 2001. Cuban Anarchism: The History of a Movement. Tuscon: See Sharp Press.
Ferrell, Jeff. 2001. Tearing Down the Streets: Adventures in Urban Anarchy. New York: Palgrave.
Feyerabend, Paul K. 1975. Against Method: Outline of an Anarchistic Theory of Knowledge.
Filippo, Roy San. 2003. A New World in Our Hearts: Eight Years of Writings from the Love and Rage Revolutionary Anarchist Federation. Oakland: AK Press.
Frost, Richard H. 1968. The Mooney Case. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Godwin, William. 1976. Enquiry Concerning Political Justice. New York: Penguin Books.
Goldman, Emma. 2003. Emma Goldman: Volume 1: Made for America, 1890-1901. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Graham, Marcus, ed. 1974. Man! An Anthology of Anarchist Ideas, Essays, Poetry and Commentaries. London: Cienfuegos Press.
Graham, Robert and Maurice Spira (Illustrator). 2004. Anarchism : A Documentary History of Libertarian Ideas, Volume One. Black Rose Books.
Gu(e)rin, Daniel. 1970. Anarchism: From Theory to Practice. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Guerin, Daniel. 1998. No Gods, No Masters: an anthology of anarchism. Oakland: AK Press and the Kate Sharpley Library.
Hart, John M. 1978. Anarchism and the Mexican Working Class, 1860-1931. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Hodges, Donald C. 1995. Mexican Anarchism After the Revolution. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press.
Hoffman, Abbie. 1969. Woodstock Nation. New York: Vintage Books.
Hoffman, Robert L. 1972. Revolutionary Justice: the social and political theory of P.-J. Proudhon. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Horowitz, Irving L., ed. 1964. The Anarchists. Dell.
Horowitz, Irving Louis. 1964 (2005). The Anarchists. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Aldine Transaction.
Innes, C.D. 1993. Avant Garde Theatre: 1892-1992. New York: Routledge.
Institute for Social Ecology. 2000. Bringing Democracy Home. Plainfield, VT: Institute for Social Ecology.
Jacker, Corinne. 1968. The Black Flag of Anarchy: antistatism in the United States. Charles Scribner's Sons.
Joll, James. 1964. The Anarchists. Little, Brown.
Kedward, Roderick. 1971. The Anarchists: the men who shocked an era. New York: American Heritage Press.
Knabb, Ken, ed. 1981. Situationist International. Bureau of Public Secrets.
Kornbluh, Joyce L., ed. 1988. Rebel Voices: an IWW anthology. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr Publishing Company.
Kostelanetz, Richard. 1987. Conversing With Cage. New York: Routledge.
Krimerman, Leonard I., and Lewis Perry, eds. 1966. Patterns of Anarchy: a collection of writings on the anarchist tradition. Doubleday Anchor.
Le Guin, Ursula K. 1989. Dancing at the Edge of the World: Thoughts on Words, Women, Places. New York: Grove Press.
Leeder, Elaine J. 1993. The Gentle General: Rose Pesotta, Anarchist and Labor Organizer. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
Macdonald, Dwight. 1995. The Root is Man. New York: Autonomedia.
Marsh, Margaret S. 1981. Anarchist Women, 1870-1920. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Marshall, Peter. 1992. Demanding the Impossible : History of Anarchism. Harpercollins Pub Ltd.
May, Todd. 1994. The Political Philosophy of Poststructuralist Anarchism. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press.
Miller, Martin M. 1976. Selected Writings on Anarchism and Revolution. Cambridge: M.I.T. Press.
Mintz, Jerome R. 1982. The Anarchists of Casas Viejas. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
Nawrocki, Norman. 1997. Rebel Moon: Anarchist Rants and Poems. Oakland: AK Press.
Notes from Nowhere, ed. 2003. We Are Everywhere: The Irresistable Rise of Global Anticapitalism. New York, Verso.
O'Hara, Craig. 1999. Philosophy of Punk: More Than Noise!!. Oakland: AK Press.
Palmer, Joy A. 2001. Fifty Key Thinkers on the Environment. New York: Routledge.
Perlin, Terry M. 1979. Contemporary Anarchism. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction.
p.m. 1985. bolo'bolo. New York: Semiotext(e). (German author?)
Reichert, William O. 1976. Partisans of Freedom: a study of American anarchism. Bowling Green University Popular Press.
Renshaw, Patrick. 1967. The Wobblies: the story of syndicalism in the United States. Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Books.
Rexroth, Kenneth. Communalism: from its origins to the twentieth century. Seabury Press.
Riding, Laura, Lisa Samuels, Laura Aridingg Jackson. 2001. Anarchism Is Not Enough. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Rocker, Rudolf, Noam Chomsky, Nicolas Walter. 1938 (2004 AK Press). Anarcho-Syndicalism: Theory and Practice. Oakland: AK Press.
Roediger, Dave, and Franklin Rosemont, eds. 1986. Haymarket Scrapbook. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr.
Rosemont, Franklin, ed. 1989. Arsenal: Surrealist Subversion. Black Swan Press.
Rosemont, Penelope. 1998. Surrealist Women: An International Anthology. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
Roussopolous, Dimitrios I. ed. 1989. The Anarchist Papers. Three volumes. Montreal: Black Rose Books.
Russell, Bertrand. 1966. Roads to Freedom: Socialism, Anarchism & Syndication. Unwin Hyman.
Schuster, Eunice Minette. 1983. Native American Anarchism: a study of left-wing American individualism. Port Townsend, Wash.: Loompanics Unlimited.
Shatz, Marshall S., ed. 1971. The Essential Works of Anarchism. New York: Bantam Books.
Silverman, Henry J., ed. 1970. American Radical Thought: the libertarian tradition. Lexington, Mass.: D.C. Heath.
Tytell, John. 1995. The Living Theatre: Art, Exile, and Outrage. New York: Grove Press.
Vaidhyanathan, Siva. 2004. The Anarchist in the Library: How the Clash Between Freedom and Control Is Hacking the Real World and Crashing the System. New York: Basic Books.
Veysey, Laurence. 1973. The Communal Experience: Anarchist and Mystical Communities in Twentieth Century America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Vincent, K. Steven. 1992. Between Marxism and Anarchism: Benoit Malon and French Reformist Socialism. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Watson, David. 1996. Beyond Bookchin: Preface for a Future Social Ecology. Detroit: Black & Red, and Brooklyn: Autonomedia, and Detroit: Fifth Estate.
Whimster, Sam. 1999. Max Weber and the Culture of Anarchy. New York: St. Martin's Press, Inc.
Wilson, Peter Lamborn. 1995. Pirate Utopias: Moorish Corsairs & European Renegadoes. New York: Autonomedia.
Wilson, Robert Anton. 1980. The Illuminati Papers. Oakland: Ronin Publishing.
Woodcock, George. 1962. Anarchism: A History Of Libertarian Ideas And Movements. Cleveland: World Publishing Company.
Woodcock, George. 2004. Anarchism: A History Of Libertarian Ideas And Movements. Broadview Press.
Woodcock, George. 1977. The Anarchist Reader. London: Fontana.
Zinn, Howard. 2003. Artists in Times of War. New York: Seven Stories Press.
Zinn, Howard. 2003. Passionate Declarations: Essays on War and Justice. New York: HarperCollins.
Zinn, Howard. 1980. A People's History of the United States: 1492-Present. New York: HarperCollins.
Zinn, Howard. 2004. Voices of a People's History of the United States. New York: Seven Stories Press.
Zinn, Howard. 1997. The Zinn Reader: Writings on Disobedience and Democracy. New York: Seven Stories Press.

Books - Nonfiction

Abbey, Edward. 1956. Brave Cowboy. New York: Avon Books.

Pamphlets

Baklava, 1992. 1492-1992: celebrating genocide? Chicago, Ill., Baklava.
Bufe, Chaz, 2000. 2000 Reasons to Abandon Christianity Tuscon, Ariz., See Sharp Press.
Chomsky, Noam. 2005. Government in the Future New York: Seven Stories Press.
CrimethInc, 2002. The Walls Are Alive Olympia, Wash., CrimethInc.
CrimethInc Urban Pirates, unknown. D.I.Y. Guide II Greensboro, NC, CrimethInc.
Gorman, Justin, 1993. A Student's Guide to Protesting San Francisco.
Gorman, Justin, 1993. Room 112 San Francisco.
Koehnline, James, date unknown. The Chronicle of Higher Jubilation: an introduction to the Jubilee Sainthood Project Seattle, Wash., Jubilee Saints Project.
Team Distro, date unknown. MRTA: History, Politics and Communiques. March 1997 Chicago, Il., Autonomous Zone Distribution.
Thompson, Harold H., date unknown. Anarchist Survival Guide for Understanding Gestapo Swine Interrogation Mind Games: staying free by shutting the fuck up! Portland, Oregon, Anarchist Prisoners' Legal Aid Network.
"Uncontrollable", 1999. A Day Mournful and Overcast Chicago, Everybody is Born One Publishing.

Magazines, Journals and Zines

The Alarm
ALF Newsletter, Association of Libertarian Feminists, New York
Alphabet Threat
Alternative Press Review
Anarchist Labor Bulletin
Anarchist News. New York. 1980-1982. Ed. Abe Bluestein, Sam Dolgoff, and Gabriel Javsicas.
Anarcho-Syndicalist Review (formerly Libertarian Labor Review)
Anarchos. New York. 1968-1972. Ed. Murray Bookchin.
Anarchy: a journal of desire armed. Columbia, Mo. and Berkeley, Calif.
Antipode. vol. 10:3 & Vol.11:3. "Anarchism and Environment." Worcester, Mass. 1979. Ed.: Myrna Margulies Breitbart.
Arise. Minneapolis. (2002)
Arsenal: a magazine of anarchist strategy and culture. Chicago.
Barricada.
Bayou La Rose, POB 2576, San Diego, CA 92112
The Black-clad Messenger: a journal of revolutionary anti-industrial anarchism. Eugene, Or. (seen #18)
Black Badger. Berkeley, CA. Ed. Lawrence Jarach.
Black Rose
Black Sun. Liberty, TN. (2001?) Ed. Sunfrog. (seen #5, 6)
Bulletin of the Seattle Group. Seattle, 1965-1969. Ed. George and Louise Crowley.
Chicago ABC Zine. 2002. Homewood, Il.
Claustrophobia. Baltimore, MD. (seen issue 12, Winter 2001)
Complete Control. Richmond, VA. Ed.: Greg (seen #6)
Controcorrente. Boston, 1938-1967. Ed. Aldino Felicani. "Organo d'agitazione e di battaglia contro il fascismo."
Disorderly Counduct: an insurrectionary green-anarchist publication. Eugene, Or. Bring on the Ruckus Society. (#5, 2002)
The Defenestrator. Philadelphia.
Feral Forager. Asheville, NC
Fifth Estate, POB 02548, Detroit, MI 48202 (1965-current)
The Final Days. Long Beach, Calif. Reclaim Defend Collective. (seen #5)
Gay Anarchist Circle
The Gentle Anarchist
Green Anarchy
Green Synthesis
Greyzone, Minneapolis
Groundswell: a monthly almanack of anti-authoritarian views. Prospect Park, PA. (1998?) Ed.: Tom Mullian. (vol.4,no.1,2)
Harbinger. Atlanta, Ga. and Olympia, Wash. CrimethInc. (Ex-)Workers' Collective.
Ideas and Action
Instead of a Magazine
The Libertarian. Toronto, 1968-1969. Ed. Attilio Bortolotti. Published by the Toronto Libertarian Group
The Little Black Star: a bi-weekly agitator. Lewisburg, PA (#5)
Little Free Press
Love and Rage
The Match! Tucson, 1969-present. Ed. Fred Woodworth.
The New Formulation: an anti-authoritarian review of books. San Diego. 2001-? Ed.: Chuck Morse.
A New World Rising
News from Libertarian Spain. New York, 1977-1980. Ed. Abe Bluestein, Murray Bookchin, Sam Dolgoff, and Gabriel Javsicas. Sponsored by the Libertarian Labor Fund.
No Middle Ground: anti-authoritarian perspectives on Latin America and the Caribbean. San Francisco. Ed.: Information Network on Latin America.
Non Violent Anarchist Newsletter
Northeastern Anarchist. Boston.
NOT BORED! Ann Arbor, NYC. [July 1983-current] Ed: Bill Brown
On Gogol Boulevard.
Onward. Gainesville, Florida. Eds.: Rob Augman, Dan Berger, Tom Thomson.
Our Generation
Overthrow
Passionate and Dangerous: conversations with midwest anti-authoritarians and anarchists. St. Louis, MO. 1999. Ed.: Mark Bohnert.
People's Resistance. Winter 2001-2002. Erie, Penn. Ed.: Toan Tzu
Practical Anarchy. Madison, College Park, Washington, DC Arlington, Shawnee Mission, KS. [1991-current] Ed.: Chuck Munson
Profane Existence
Project 1313 [Lawrence, KS]
Processed World
Race: revolutionary anti-authoritarians of color. 2002.
Raw/Idea. Buffalo, NY. (early 1990s) Ed.: Nicholas P.
Rolling Thunder. CrimethInc.
Ruptures. Quebec.
Sawblade. New York. (2001?)
The Seditionist
Show Me the Money! Coon Rapids, MN. Ed. T. Hunnicutt. (seen #8)
Sleepy Foot. Kent, Oh. (1994) Ed.: Mike Thain.
Slingshot
Social Anarchism. Baltimore, 1980-present. Ed. Howard J. Ehrlich.
South Chicago ARA Alert. Homewood, IL. (1998?) (seen #2)
Staring Into the Sun. Vancouver, BC. (1993) Ed.: Pierre Loiselle.
The Storm! New York, 1976-1988. Ed. Mark A. Sullivan. "A Journal for Free Spirits."
Thought Bombs. Homewood, IL. (1998?) Ed.: Anthony Rayson. (seen #7, #8, #14)
Three Crows Conference. East Lansing, Mich.
Tute Nere
Usual Suspect. Greensburg, PA. Ed.: Dave Gurz (seen issue #5)
Views & Comments. New York, 1955-1965. Ed. Sam Weiner (Dolgoff). The last number (Summer 1965) is titled Towards Anarchism.
Whirl. Naples, FL. 1996. Eds.: Diana Gibson and Brendan Conley.
Wind Chill Factor. Chicago.

MOVE?

This a list from early last year. We have an internal wiki for the project and I'm using a spreadsheet to keep track of my reading. So don't jump to any conclusions about what's going to go in the book at this point.

Please keep in mind that we will be prioritizing anarchists who have made a notable impact on anarchism. We can conisder those authors, but it would help us if you pointed at the ones who you think are important.

We will try to get a full range of ideas in the book.

It would also help if somebody would send to Infoshop all NEFAC materials as you publish them. If I don't have something in my physical collection, then I'm not as likely to consider it. At some point I will make an effort to go over more online texts.

I'm not sure what our cutoff year is at this point, so I don't know how much contemporary writers we can include. I've thought about doing another anthology just on recent writers.

I'm looking for articles by anarcho-communists, anarcho-syndicalists and class war anarchists from the 1960s, 70s, and early 80s. Anarcho-syndicalist Review has been a good source. I've found several good pieces by Jeff Stein.

I've been reading the Love and Rage anthology--I'm inclined at this point to make sure that something from Wayne Price gets included.

Chuck

Jello Biafra as an anarchist? he's a green radical liberal for fucksake. The last time i saw him talk his strategy for challenging capital was to not work or buy from multi national companies, tosser!

One of the things we will be doing during this project is examining whether or not some people are "anarchists" in a substantial way or more on the margins.

I think that it can be argued that Biafra is or has been an anarchist. He does express liberal views on a regular basis. I think that if Biafra goes into the book, it will probably be in the form of lyrics from the Dead Kennedys.

RAW is widely identified as an anarchist these days, although he is freshly dead.

Chuck

I'll buy this shitty book if has a substantial Fred Woodworth section.

And note to Flint... Len Bracken is on the list. Ex-Roundhouse Collective in da house!

And I still want to know what of Thornley and Hill's writing you're including.

Have any of these people done the above?

Hakim Bey
Jello Biafra
William Burroughs
George Carlin
Noam Chomsky
Chris Crass
CrimethInc.
The SF Diggers
Allen Ginsberg
Ted Kaczynski
John Zerzan

Those are just the ones that stick out at a glance.

LOL. That's what the book needs, a gonzo intro.

Chuck

Duke can be serious once in a while.

Editorial: Which Way for the Class War?

He should write seriously more.

You know I'm almost done with the book I'm doing with Chris Plummer right?

Insurgent Anarchism: Aphorisms and Allegories for the Combative Spirit

No joke.

Hakim Bey, Noam Chomsky, Chris Crass, Crimethinc, Allen Ginsberg, and John Zerzan are all clearly anarchists and have been for significant periods of time. Back in the mid-90s, the Spunk Library collective was talking about approaching Ginsberg about including his works in our archive. Unfortunately, we were disorganized and slow and Ginsberg died.

Ted Kaczynski identifies as an anarchist these days. He's been considered an anarchist for some time. I really don't care for his writings, but we'll consider him.

I've talked about Biafra above. Burroughs is more of an outlier anarchist. He had a definite anti-authoritarian and libertarian bent to his works--we'd have to do some digging to find if he called himself an anarchist. I did see him register to vote as Democrat back in 1988.

George Carlin? He's a closet anarchist. Why do you think he's been wearing so much black since the early 90s?

My fiction fucking rocks.

Sorry, this is a bunch of lop-sided, selective crap.

The Anarchist-Coomunist Federation of North America was the single most significant anarchist federation in the late 1970s and early 1980s and there's nothing?

Corrected: ACF-NA

Again, this is a list from a year ago. It doesn't represent the research we've done since then. We will probably talk about that federation in the section on that time period. My collection of anarchist papers only goes back to the mid 1980s, so I'll have to ask Jason if he has materials from the federation.

If you have any suggestions about notable writers or articles from that organization, I'd like to learn more.

I'm also trying to add coverage of groups like this to the Infoshop OpenWiki.

Are materials from the federation archived at the Labadie Collection or the Anarchy Archives? If so, I can ask Julie or Jerry to send me photocopies of any writers or articles that you remember.

Chuck