Lenin and what is to be done?

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I'm doing a pretty long essay for my history A2 exam and the governer of the exams said to include some quotes by Lenin in 'what is to be done?' I've posted my question up here previously about how the civil war helped to create a one party dictatorship in Russia, but without having to trawl through the whole book, does anyone know anywhere I can get quotes to throw in the essay (to boost it up 60-100 words or so) without having to read the book?

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Hi

Lenin wrote:
Libcom collective should charge for answers to school work, it could at least write its running costs off against tax.

Love

LR

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You don't need to post if you don't want to roll eyes

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It' s not that long a book is it? I think it's only about a 100 odd pages. Besides it's probably worth reading if you really want to know why the Soviet Union ended up as a one party (or indeed man) dictatorship.

Here's one for you:

"No movement can be durable without a stable oranization of leaders to maintain continuity".

If you want to read a little try this bit:

http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1901/witbd/iv.htm#v05fl61h-440-GUESS[/url]

Joined: 24-06-05

Yeah I did try reading it once, but I find Lenin quite hard to read. Also its due in (well a four hour written exam) next week. I've filled the draft up with anarchist quotes from here, need to level it up abit.

Thanks

Alf
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This essay by Hal Draper contains some good material for countering the anarchist view of Lenin as a Simpsons robot who planned to set up a personal dictatorship from 1903 onwards

www.marxists.org/archive/draper/1990/myth/myth.htm

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Hi

Quote:
You don't need to post if you don't want to

Comrade, that was a genuine Lenin quote. If you read the book, you'd know.

Love

LR

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Hi

Seriously, I'm sure someone will load you with quotes if you donate a tenner. Felix Frost, maybe.

Love

LR

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''Comrade, that was a genuine Lenin quote. If you read the book, you'd know.''

then you said...

I'm sure someone will load you with quotes if you donate a tenner.

If its not in there can I have a tenner?

You prob won't lose anything, i'll rarely get round to reading it.

Thanks alf

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Hi

Quote:
Comrade, that was a genuine Lenin quote. If you read the book, you'd know.

Surrealism in action.

Quote:
If its not in there can I have a tenner?

Course you can comrade. Not from me though.

Lenin wrote:
By advancing at this moment, when the revolutionary movement is on the upgrade, an alleged special “task” of struggling for reforms, he is dragging the Party backwards and is playing into the hands of both “Economist” and liberal opportunism.

Until a Leninist accuses you of opportunism, you haven’t lived.

Love

LR

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Quote:
It' s not that long a book is it? I think it's only about a 100 odd pages. Besides it's probably worth reading if you really want to know why the Soviet Union ended up as a one party (or indeed man) dictatorship

A whole nation became totalitarian simply because of one polemical book written in 1903?

red star

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Not from one book...but from the ideas held in it, and others which were the expressions of the rulers of Russia in the post revolutionary period.

Remember...Kronstadt was necessary roll eyes

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Interesting how he went back on many of the things he said in WITBD though, isn't it? Especially after the 1905 revolution?

And incidentally, do you see history as something which is shaped by leaders and individuals?

red star

Joined: 24-06-05

He did go back on some of the things he said, but through a look at the history of the post 1917 revolution till 1923 (Lenin died in 1924 but he was basically only a statesman till 1923) shows that alot of the dictatoral ideas were embedded in some of Lenin/ Trotskys thought. In regards to the quotes i'm asking for, its to go in a 4000 word essay asking to question how did the civil war between 1918-1922 help to establish a one party dictatorship in Russia? (you can even read it if you want 8) )

Lenin altered ideas between 1905 till 1917 and after, hell he even gave some praise to anarchists pre-1917!! But then they were some of the first to be killed in the citys in 1917/1918. Examples such as Tabov, 1921 city strikes, Kronstadt, workers cooperatives and all around the Ukraine showed how there was inherent dicatoral emphasis in the early ideas of Bolshevism i.e. pre Stalin. The Cheka (having killed an estimated 250,000 from 1917-1920) and such laid down the skelentol body for a dictatoral system.

In the big book on the Russian Revolution by Orlando Figes he mentions, ' ‘The Red Terror did not come out of the blue. It was implicit in the regime from the start… the Bolsheviks were forced to turn increasingly to terror to silence their political critics and subjugate a society they could not control by other means.'

Again another document on this website quotes a Bolshevik ( Gavrii ll’ich Miasnikov ) who opposed many of Lenin's ideas and in a letter direct to Lenin in 1921 wrote- "Freedom of opinion in the party is being suppressed by the foulest and in a letter sent directly to Lenin in 1921 he questioned the violence of the regime in the Civil War, "The trouble is that, while you raise your hand against the capitalist, you deal a blow to the worker. You know very well that for such words as I am now uttering hundreds, perhaps thousands, of workers are languishing in prison. That I myself remain at liberty is only because I am a veteran Communist, have suffered for my beliefs, and am known among the mass of workers. Were it not for this, were I just an ordinary mechanic from the same factory, where would I be now? In a Cheka prison or, more likely, made to 'escape,' just as I made Mikhail Romanov [Miasnikov killed him] 'escape.' Once more I say: You raise your hand against the bourgeoisie, but it is I who am spitting blood, and it is we, the workers, whose jaws are being cracked."

The internal party gag took full hold in the Tenth Party Congress when any sort of internal faction was banned, with Lenin not planning to lift it or Trotsky.

You had a look at any of what Emma Goldman wrote about Russia?

Also I believe people make their own history, but in the face of alot of repression and oppression these movements are often crushed. I am not a big supporter of the 'large man' of history idea.

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Whoa there. I have read Emma Goldman, I read about Miasnikov, I know about the Cheka, I know that the dictatorship of the party was accomplished by 1919 at the latest etc etc etc. I'm not defending the Bolsheviks or Lenin in the civil war.

I was simply trying to argue that to blame one man for the degeneration of the Russian revolution is ridiculous. It's like saying the American revolution was all the work of Thomas Jefferson.

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read the fuckin book you lazy bastard.

that's academic speak.

Joined: 24-06-05

I spend to much time on web boards to read books roll eyes

Matt- surely the things such as the Cheka and the incidents I mentioned in my post are a outcome of an authoritarain regime? There are many quotes from Lenin that give an indication to his ideas on authority, control, the state etc, many of which i'm sure you read. From other boards i've seen you post on, you arn't as Lenin obsessed as some (and you don't constanly quote obsquere texts by Lenin which is a plus). Lenin cannot be blamed for all that was commited in the Bolshevik name, sure, but he was the statesman of the whole regime and with the aforementioned incidents from 1917 through to his death he was near always a supporter of repression of true soviet democracy and 'power'. I've seen the debates you have had on this board before over this issue, infact alot of your posts are taken up with it, and I find it good that you are more open minded then many other Lenin/Trotsky supporters (or whatever you want to call yourself, if anything), but through my own reading of the russian revolution I came to my own conclusions over the regime I would of lent much support to a year ago!!

Also the specific essay in question looks not just at Lenin, far from it, but the inherent repressive nature of Bolshevism that was expressed most profoundly during the Civil war era. I look at Bolsheviks who opposed many policies, along with alot of stuff Lenin said, its not just a simple Lenin was the ruler of the Bolsheviks so he is a direct line to people like Stalin.

Also, do you know any quotes....

Edit-- is the clock out on this. It said I posted at just gone 10 when it says 9 here neutral

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Quote:
surely the things such as the Cheka and the incidents I mentioned in my post are a outcome of an authoritarain regime?

Of course. But how did that authoritarian regime come about? I don't believe it was all because of one man's ideas. I believe there was more to it than that, although I accept Bolshevik ideology made it easier.

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cannot be blamed for all that was commited in the Bolshevik name, sure

I'm glad you feel that way!

Quote:
he was near always a supporter of repression of true soviet democracy and 'power'.

That's fair enough.

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but through my own reading of the russian revolution I came to my own conclusions over the regime I would of lent much support to a year ago!!

Yeah, same here. But I don't think you can place the blame of this all on one bloke.

Quote:
Also the specific essay in question looks not just at Lenin, far from it, but the inherent repressive nature of Bolshevism that was expressed most profoundly during the Civil war era.

I think there are some reasons why authoritarian policies were intiated, not that I accept them. It's very easy to look at the party and its politics without considering the circumstances they found themselves in.

Quotes:

Quote:
The history of all countries shows that the working class, exclusively by its own effort, is able to develop only trade union consciousness
Quote:
The theory of socialism, however, grew out of the philosophic, historical and economic theories that were elaborated by the educated representatives of the propertied classes, the intellectuals
Quote:
no movement can be durable without a stable organisation of leaders to maintain continuity
Quote:
the organisation must consist chiefly of persons engaged in revolutionary activities as a profession
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enriquemessonier wrote:
read the fuckin book you lazy bastard.

that's academic speak.

This is a no flaming forum enrique, cut it out.

Joined: 24-06-05

I take Lenin as a focal point of looking at the time frame from 1917 through to 1923 as he was the leader of that state. Of course there were others involved, Trotsky being a main figure, but Lenin directed and agreed with many of the oppressive measures set up post October 1917. The Civil War did indeed have many aspects to it outside of the Bolsheviks control such as a low heavy industry, the sheer size of Russia, the amount of opposing forces (a dozen was it??) and the lack of raw materials needed to fight a war, but surely policies implimented in the Civil War did not have to be carried over into the post Civil War period. Indeed, most of the oppressive measures were set up pre Civil War, the Cheka being a key point.

I feel Lenin was not as bad as Stalin, he did worry about the way Stalin was taking over the Party near the end of his life, and he did not have the paranoid mass purges that Stalin did, and I feel he did indeed worry, at least in part, about some of the repressive measures taken.

Heres abit from the essay- ''Under mounting pressures from such opposition, the Bolshevik leadership assumed an increasingly dictatorial position. One by one, the goals of 1917 proletarian democracy, social equality, and workers’ self-management-were thrust aside. The institutions of the new society were recast in an authoritarian mould, and a new bureaucratic edifice was constructed, with its attendant corruption and red tape. In government and party, in industry and army, hierarchy and privilege were restored. For collective management of the factories Lenin substituted one-man management and strict labour discipline. He reinstated higher pay for specialists and managers, along with piece rates and other discarded features of capitalism. Soviets, trade unions, and factory committees were transformed into tools of the state apparatus. Authority was increasingly concentrated in the hands of party elite. All of these features of the emerging new state were in place before the Civil War.''

Thanks for the quotes.

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I agree with all of it, apart from perhaps the last sentence. The dictatorship of the Central Committee was not in place in early-mid 1918.

For example, at the third Congress of Soviets in January 1918, the congress elected a central executive committee made up of:

160 Bolsheviks, 125 Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, 2 Social-Democratic internationalists, 3 anarchist-Communists, 7 Socialist-Revolutionary Maximalists, 7 Right Socialist-Revolutionaries and 2 Menisheviks.

At the fourth Congress in March 1918, the delegates were: Bolsheviks, 283 Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, 25 Socialist-Revolutionaries of the Centre, 21 Mensheviks, and 11 Menshevik-Internationalists.

edit to add:

Quote:
Fifth All-Russia Congress of Soviets opened on July 4, 1918 in the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow. It was attended by 1,164 delegates with the right to vote. These included 773 Bolsheviks, 353 Left S.R.s, 17 Maximalists (a variety of Left S.R.s), 4 anarchists, 4 Menshevik-Internationalists, 3 members of other parties and 10 non-party people.

Yeah, i'd say that the centralisation of power in the hands of Bolsheviks was underway by the time of civil war, but the civil war accelerated it.

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Here's an idea. It is possible for an organisation to go from bieng at the forefront of the workers movement to bieng the worst enemy of the working class. Marxists have no problem understanding that. The metamorphosis of the Bolshevik party was a consequence of the failure of the international revolution.

To conclude that the problem was Bolshevism itself, or Marxism in general, or Lenin in particular shows that the crucial lessons of the period have not been learned. "What is to be done" is still a crucial step forward in the theory of proletarian organizing.

I think the best analysis of what happened to the Bolsheviks was done by Bolsheviks, by the left currents of the Third International, the communist left.

Joined: 24-06-05

Maybe I have mistaken to rest of your post but when you say ‘Yeah, i'd say that the centralisation of power in the hands of Bolsheviks was underway by the time of civil war, but the civil war accelerated it.’ I would think that meant that the dictatorial aspects of the Central Committee were already in place? The proposal by Lenin issued at the Second Congress of a 100% Bolshevik Government even pissed of some hardened Bolsheviks, with five of the Central Committee resigning in protest. It was only under a lot of internal and especially external pressure that Lenin gave a (slight) leeway in his proposal. In the elections of November 1917 the Bolsheviks gained less than 25% of the vote- 175 compared to the SRs 410. The Assembly met for one day then was closed in early January. Through what you know of Lenin I am sure you have read his texts, and there are various examples of him wishing to rule as a one party state.

Now I’m not saying ‘damn the Bolsheviks, they didn’t fit into the Assembly that well’, for I feel that Assembly had little to offer the ordinary workers and peasants in the long run. However, at the same time the closing of the Assembly and the expulsion of various political parties, including closing down their presses, killing their leaders, expelling them from Russia, destroying their meeting places/literature isn’t just the Bolsheviks rejecting a form of ‘Bourgeoisie pseudo-parliamentary democracy’ but a explicit indication of their wish (well some, I don’t want to be seen to be tarring all Bolshevik members in 1917 with the same brush), but the explicit wish of the Bolshevik leaders to rule as a one party totalitarian state, and the terror aspects I mentioned earlier, and then were expressed crystal clear in the Civil War, are aspects on the way to reaching such a state, so I feel that the rejection of the parliamentary system by the Bolsheviks was done in a large part to oppose not all that this system represented, but to force create an alternative. I oppose the bulk of what passes as parliamentary democracy, in 2006 or 1917, but I’d hope to think that I was working on an alternative form of democracy that does not involve a man (because its 99% of the time men) dictating what citizens can and cannot do, and when someone steps out of line then its ---- . The Bolsheviks oppose capitalism and all that goes with it, but when I look at the prominent example of Bolshevik ideology in action, I do not see much to hope for, the creation of a new (and can be argued worse) form of state is in my view no real alternative for any sort of ‘true democracy’.

In 1919 the elected representatives of Soviets were replaced with ‘trusted’ Bolshevik appointees, thus removing the decentralised aspects of the Soviets that made them such powerful localised bodies of organisation and theorising. The Bolsheviks did achieve some good things when they initially came to power- social changes desperately needed in Russia at that time- but these small alterations of the existing Tsarist system doe’s not in any way excuse the overall aspects of a regime that then turned its force on crushing any form of independent political expression.

As I think I said earlier (I’m writing this of the net so can’t check) I feel that Lenin and Trotsky were not as bad as Stalin and the latter dictatorship that followed from 1924-1953 was in many ways worse than from 1917- 1924, but the solid foundations were established for what follows, and Lenin and Trotsky didn’t in many ways go against, and often implemented, the most repressive measures of the period from 1917-1923.

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Quote:
In the elections of November 1917 the Bolsheviks gained less than 25% of the vote- 175 compared to the SRs 410. The Assembly met for one day then was closed in early January. Through what you know of Lenin I am sure you have read his texts, and there are various examples of him wishing to rule as a one party state.

Closed down by a anarchist sailor.

And what about Makhno, when he visited Moscow in mid-1918? He claimed there was a "paper revolution". Anarchist papers were freely printed and sold. And I printed up the history of Soviet congresses, where other parties were represented until about late 1918 early 1919.

The Bolsheviks didn't support a representative parliamentary democracy (constituent assembly), it support a soviet democracy. Indeed, it ended up being neither. But I have no qualms with the shutting down of the C.A., because it refused to recognise the power of the soviets.

Quote:
In 1919 the elected representatives of Soviets were replaced with ‘trusted’ Bolshevik appointees, thus removing the decentralised aspects of the Soviets that made them such powerful localised bodies of organisation and theorising. The Bolsheviks did achieve some good things when they initially came to power- social changes desperately needed in Russia at that time- but these small alterations of the existing Tsarist system doe’s not in any way excuse the overall aspects of a regime that then turned its force on crushing any form of independent political expression.

Fair enough, but the Civil War started in 1918.

Quote:
As I think I said earlier (I’m writing this of the net so can’t check) I feel that Lenin and Trotsky were not as bad as Stalin and the latter dictatorship that followed from 1924-1953 was in many ways worse than from 1917- 1924, but the solid foundations were established for what follows, and Lenin and Trotsky didn’t in many ways go against, and often implemented, the most repressive measures of the period from 1917-1923.

I completely agree.

Joined: 23-06-05

Funny how anarchist views of the Russian Revolution are long on great men doing wrong and rather short on discussion of the objective circumstances revolutionaries found themselves in, isn't it?

Joined: 24-06-05

I mentioned the objective factors, so has many pieces of anarchist literature i've read. Funny how many Trotskyists won't stop banging on about the objective factors and not look at the inherent ideas of Bolshevism or excuse out of hand or twist facts to fit the specfic 'party line'.

Also I don't believe in the 'great man' view of the Russian Revolution or any part of history, I use Lenin and Trotsky as they were the most prominant thinkers and activists in the Bolsehvik party post 1917.

Joined: 23-06-05
powertotheimagination wrote:
I mentioned the objective factors.

Yes indeed you did. In two pages of ranting about the original sin of Bolshevism you managed this massive half sentence on the objective circumstances in which the Russian revolutionaries found themselves: "The Civil War did indeed have many aspects to it outside of the Bolsheviks control such as a low heavy industry, the sheer size of Russia, the amount of opposing forces (a dozen was it??) and the lack of raw materials needed to fight a war..." How could I have overlooked such even-handedness?wink

I suppose I should be grateful for small mercies. That half sentence is after all a half sentence more than you've managed to date on the relationship between the Bolsheviks internationalist understanding of revolution and their revolutionary strategy. But I tell you what. You're in the process of "proving" the malevolence of Leninism to the satisfaction of yourself and some people here who already believe in the malevolence of Leninism as an article of faith, so I'll just let you get on with it.

Joined: 24-06-05

So all the rest I said in regards to the Bolsheviks wasen't of importance? Please, my posts arn't that bad that you just look at one sentence in it roll eyes . How about the fact I have recognised a few times in many of my posts that Lenin and Trotsky did achieve some good things in Russia and objective factors were important in many of the things they did. What about the fact that regardless of objective factors, the ideological facts still stand- check out the pamphlet http://libcom.org/library/beyond-kronstadt. Or for the internal crackdown on Bolshevik dissidents see http://libcom.org/library/lenins-terror-bolshevik-party-maximov (surely this was not motivated in large part by objective factors, more ideology?) Maybe you have read these already, i'd recommend the first one, I found it a good intro.

And please enlighten me as to how Lenin's understanding of international revolution changes a large amount of what he ('they') did? Sure the lack of/ failure of other revolutions to occur in other countrys in the post 1917 period can be a factor in the degeneration of Russia, but does this change the basic precents of the Bolshevik ideology? On the note of revolution, I belive that the Bolsheviks were not the main instigators the revolution, nor where they the 'controllers' of it.

Joined: 23-06-05
powertotheimagination wrote:
Please, my posts arn't that bad that you just look at one sentence in it roll eyes

I looked at the one half sentence which was better than the rest because it actually moved, briefly, beyond the usual anarchist fingerwagging about how evil Lenin was and touched ever so softly on material reality. And yes, thanks I've read those articles before and found them about as convincing as most other anarchist pieces on the subject, which is to say not at all.

Now really, I have no desire to interrupt such misplaced enthusiasm. Feel free to get back to proving to yourself that Lenin was a very bad man indeed.

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LENIN WAS EVIL! twisted twisted twisted twisted twisted twisted twisted twisted twisted twisted

Joined: 24-06-05

I dont need to 'prove' Lenin was a bad man, he did it himself pretty well.