Biennio Rosso

An article introducing the concepts anarchists have used to frame collaboration with other…

A short account of the revolutionary events of the year 1919

The story of the mass wave of strikes and factory occupations which swept Italy 1920-21 told from…

Excellent text by Jeremy Brecher examining where mass strikes have progressed into the working class attempting to run society in its own…

Tom Wetzel on the Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci, the Italian factory council movement of 1919-1920, and the anarcho-syndicalist advocacy of…

Tom Wetzel details the Italian Factory Occupations of 1920, which matured beyond conventional trade unionism and at its height involved about 600,000 workers. This article was originally presented as a talk at the Conference on Workers' Self-Organization in St. Louis in 1988.

Luigi Fabbri's moving account and analysis of the rise of fascism in Italy.

Writing on the eve of the April 1920 Turin general strike led by factory councils, Gramsci attacks the Italian anarchists in a rather patronising…

A short biography of Pietro Ferrero who, with Maurizio Garino, was one of the anarchists at the head of the factory councils movement in Turin.

A short biography of Maurizio Garino, one of the leading anarchist animators of the Italian factory council movement.

A history of the people's militias who fought Italy's fascists covering the birth, growth and decline of the world's first anti-fascist group,…

A brief history of the Italian Biennio Rosso (two red years) and the mass factory occupations of…