IWMA

Born in Trani into a family of wealthy aristocrats on 5th August 1846 Emilio was a classmate of Carlo Cafiero in Molfetta.

He studied for a law degree at the University of Naples in 1868 and then continued to study in Germany at the Universities of Heidelberg and Berlin. Here, according to Cafiero, he “tore off his bourgeois hide” and moved towards socialism.

“The Louise Michel of Spain"
- Emma Goldman, in a 1937 letter to Ethel Mannin.

Jules Montels was born in France at Gignac in the Herault department, on 25th March 1843. As a young boy he experienced the uprising in 1851 against the coup of Louis Napoleon, which was followed by savage repression. These left bitter memories for him.

Charles Alérini was born at Bastia, Corsica, on 20 March 1842.

He became a teacher and taught first at the lycée of Marseilles and then at the College of Barcelonnette in southern France.

Born at Bastia in Corsica on 28th November 1845, Bastelica was from an early age, extremely curious. He was an autodidact par excellence, like so many other workers found in the revolutionary movement. An anarchist even before the term had been properly applied, he started his working life as a shop assistant and then as a typesetter.

“Authority, in whatever hands it is placed, is always pernicious to the advancement of humanity” Pindy, writing in La Revue Blanche.

Jean Louis Pindy was born on June 3rd at Brest in western France. A carpenter-joiner, he became a member of the Brest section of the First International in 1867.

Francois Dumartheray was born at Collonges, Haute-Savoie in the Savoy on 27th January 1842.

A member of a utopian Icarian group in Lyons, he was one of those who fled to Geneva after the events of 1871.

He became a member of the L’Avenir group, along with Antoine Perrare, composed mostly of workers who had their roots in the Cabetian strand of communism in Lyons.

“Again, I’m not enough of a Marx scholar to pretend to an authoritative judgement. My impression, for what it is worth, is that the early Marx was very much a figure of the late Enlightenment, and the later Marx was a highly authoritarian activist, and a critical analyst of capitalism, who had little to say about socialist alternatives. But those are impressions.” Noam Chomsky.

"B. I. Nicolaevsky was Curator of the Menshevik collection at the Hoover Institution. An active member of the Russian Social Democratic Party, he became Director of the Moscow Marx-Engels Institute after the revolution of 1917. Deported from Russia in 1922, he later became Director of the International Institute of Social History in Amsterdam."

Originally published in "The Revolutionary Internationals, 1864-1943"; ed. Milorad M. Drachovitch, Stanford University Press, 1966.

Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin
Born May 30, 1814 Pryamukhino, Russia – died June 13, 1876 Bern, Switzerland.

The Spanish branch of the International Workingmen's Association (with Marx, Engels and the anarchist Mikhail Bakunin amongst the founders) was numerically the most substantial section of the International, with 50,000 members. It trod the paths of Bakuninism laid down by the Italian delegate Fanelli.

The International Workers Association was founded in Berlin in 1922, but its origins trace back to the 1860s and the International Working Men's Association, better known as the First International. Most people associate the First International only with Karl Marx and the emerging Social Democratic

The First International Working Men's Association

NOTES ON THE "AMERICAN SPLIT"

May 1872

October 15, 1871, was published in the journal of Woodhull (a banker's woman, free-lover, and general humbug) and Claflin (her sister in the same line) an "Appeal of Section No. 12" (founded by Woodhull, and almost exclusively consisting of middle-class humbugs and worn-out Yankee swindlers in the reform business; Section 9 is founded by Miss Claflin).

The First International Working Men's Association

RESOLUTIONS ON THE SPLIT IN THE U.S. FEDERATION

written (in English) before March 5, 1872 published in La Emancipacion, April 6 Woodhull and Claflin's Weekly, May 4 Der Volksstaat, May 8

The First International Working Men's Association

FICTITIOUS SPLITS IN THE INTERNATIONAL

by KARL MARX and FREDERICK ENGELS

written by Marx and Engels between January and March 5, 1872

Adopted by the General Council as a private circular. Published in Geneva 1872 as a French pamphlet called Les Pretendues Scissions dans l'Internationale. It marks the opening of Marx and Engels' preparations for confrontation with Bakuninist forces at upcoming IWMA congress at the Hague (September 1872).

The First International Working Men's Association

THE "PRESIDENT OF MANKIND"

Rheinische Zeitung, No. 102, second supplement, April 12, 1865 and the Berliner Reform, No. 88, supplement, April 13, 1865

Translated by Barrie Selman

The First International Working Men's Association

STATEMENT REGARDING THE CAUSES OF THE BREACH WITH THE SOCIAL-DEMOKRAT

Published in the Berliner Reform, No. 67, March 19, 1865 Translated by Barrie Selman Transcribed for the Internet by director@marx.org, April 1996

Into his postscript to the statement of resignation of Herren Rüstow and Herwegh (No. 31 of the Social-Demokrat) Herr von Schweitzer incorporates an article dispatched from London to the Neue Frankfurter Zeitung as proof of "how inconsistent and utterly unprincipled the conduct of Herren Marx and Engels is". He attempts to falsify the facts. Hence the following factual information.

The First International Working Men's Association

RESOLUTIONS OF THE CENTRAL COUNCIL ON THE CONFLICT IN THE PARIS SECTION

First published in: Marx/Engels Gesamlausgabe, Abt. 3, Bd, 3, Berlin, 1930

RESOLUTION OF THE LONDON CONFERENCE ON WORKING-CLASS POLITICAL ACTION

as adopted by the London Conference of the International, September, 1871

Karl Marx and Frederick Engels

The First International Working Men's Association

RESOLUTIONS CONCERNING THE AGENDA OF THE LAUSANNE CONGRESS

Resolution I published as leaflet and in The Working Man, No. 16, The Bee-Hive Newspaper, No. 300 and The Commonwealth, No. 75, July 13, 1867