1960s

Up Against The Wall Motherfucker! - Interview with Ben Morea

Morea talks of the 1960s Black Mask and Up Against The Wall Motherfucker! groups and their activities - such as busting into the Pentagon during an anti-war protest, and "assassinating" a famous poet. He also discusses friendships with various characters, including the late Valerie Solanas - who shot Andy Warhol and wrote the SCUM Manifesto.

1962-1973: Worker and student struggles in Italy

A history of the wave of strikes and occupations that gripped Italian factories and universities during the 1960s. Coming to a head with the Hot Autumn of 1969, independent forms of struggle used by workers represented a significant attempt to break from restrictive trade unions.

Rising from a period of centre-left coalition that had been marked by a constant failure to bring promised reforms to Italian society, the struggles of the 1960s acted as a pressure gauge for many sections of the Italian working class, one which was to reach its climax during the mass strikes of 1968-1970.

The Good and Bad Old Days - The Whinger

The following notes look at various developments in employment, unemployment, and industrial struggles, mainly in the UK, through the period of the sixties, and up to the mid-seventies.

These notes are not revolutionary, they don't even claim to be radical,... I_just nicked them and adapted them from an old seventies cyclopedia I found in a charity shop!. But they do tell a story, and they illustrate a big process of change at a critical turning point.

From; The Whinger - Irregular journal of hysterical madterialism; No. 6, Oct 2007.

Mount Isa: the great Queensland strike - Solidarity

Mount Isa: the great Queensland strike

Pamphlet by the UK Solidarity group on the 1964-1965 strike and lockout at the Mount Isa copper mine in Queensland, Australia, which placed miners in direct opposition to their union, employer and the Queensland State Government for almost seven months.

Working class protest, popular revolt and urban insurrection in Argentina: the 1969 Cordobazo

Workers march in Cordoba, led by Agustín Tosco

Detailed background, sequence of events and sociological analysis of the 1969 general strike and riot in Cordoba Argentina.

Working class protest, popular revolt, and urban insurrection in Argentina: the 1969 Cordobazo James P. Brennan

Introduction

Yugoslavery: Yugoslavia: Capitalism and class struggle 1918-1967

Yugoslav partisans

An overview of developments in Yugoslavia between 1918 and 1967, including the wildcat strikes of 1965.

Yugoslavery
Yugoslavia: Capitalism and Class struggle 1918-1967
&
Some Basic Ingredients of Yugoslav Ideology

Introduction

1962: The Novocherkassk Tragedy

Electric train VL60PK, main product of the Novocherkassk NEVZ works in the early 1960s

An account of the workers uprising in Novocherkassk, USSR, which lasted from June 1-3 and ended in a massacre and mass arrests.

The Novocherkassk Tragedy, June 1-3 1962
by Piotr Suda

Korean workers riot in Vietnam, 1967

Beleaguered: US forces in Vietnam

The riot by Korean workers at Vinnell Corporation, Cam Ranh Bay during the Vietnam War.

MACV (Military Assistance Command Vietnam, the U.S. command for all its military forces in Vietnam – ed.) had also been directed to start a civilianization program on September 15, 1967. South Vietnamese workers would be substituted for U.S. military support personnel in certain logistical units. There were many advantages. American manpower could be trimmed as technical expertise was shared.

A disgrace before God: Striking black sanitation workers vs. black officialdom in 1977 Atlanta

Atlanta 1963: A high school student is arrested at a civil rights demonstration

This article is a case study of the betrayal of the African American working class by the Black political class brought to power by the Civil Rights and Black Power movements of the 1960's.

"A disgrace before God"

Unfriendly skies - The air traffic controllers' sick-out, 1969

Short article about the 1969 mass calling-in sick strike of air traffic controllers in the US over wages and conditions, and the new union of the workers, the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization.

Two days after Nixon broke the letter carriers' strike the air traffic controllers walked off their jobs and stayed out for three weeks. The controllers called in sick, attempting to avoid the still legal penalties for striking.

Pinelli, Giuseppe “Pino”, 1928-1969

Giuseppe Pinelli

A short biography of Giuseppe Pinelli, anarchist railway worker who was murdered by police in the Strategy of Tension. He was immortalised in Dario Fo's play Accidental Death of an Anarchist.

Giuseppe Pinelli, nicknamed Pino
Born 21 October 1928 – Milan, Italy, died 15 December 1969 – Milan, Italy

Valpreda, Pietro, 1933-2002

Pietro Valpreda, centre, on a demonstration in Milan, 1969

A short biography of the anarchist militant and dancer Pietro Valpreda who was caught up in the Strategy of Tension.

Pietro Valpreda was born in Milan in 1933. At the beginning of the 1960s he began to frequent anarchist circles in Milan and Rome. He worked as a dancer in theatrical reviews.

Classe Operaia - The birth of Italian Workerism

Italian factory council

A history of the origins of the radical Italian theoretical current known as 'Operaismo' (Workerism), which began with Mario Tronti's Journal Classe Operaia.

An extract from Steve Wright’s book 'Storming Heaven'

The Workerists and the unions in Italy's 'Hot Autumn'

Potere Operaio

A brief history of the Italian Workerists in the 'Hot Autumn' of 1969, when unions succeeded in recuperating radical working class demands - leaving the Workerists to pursue the doomed road of all-or-nothing armed struggle

Extract from Steve Wright’s book 'Storming Heaven'

'We Are All Delegates!'

The Black Panther Party for Self Defense

Black Panther rally

A short history of and comment on the revolutionary black American socialist organisation, the BPP, which at its height reached around 5,000 members, before disintegrating due to a campaign of state terror and internal problems.

(For a more critical look at the Panthers and their times see James Carr, The Black Panthers, & All That).

1958-1990: Operation Gladio, Italy

Operation Gladio

The history of the secret neo-fascist army in Italy set up ostensibly to resist Soviet invasion, but in reality to be used in the event of the working class growing too strong once again.

Following the end of World War II, the Italian workers’ movement was rapidly gaining strength. In some towns the fascists had been kicked out by Resistance forces (as before the war, these were usually led by socialists and anarchists), and embryonic workers’ councils were governing.

1969-?: The Strategy of Tension in Italy

August 2 1980 Bologna Central Station attack

Information about the Italian state's "Strategy of Tension" policy in which it carried out terrorist attacks against its own people in order to blame the left and anarchists.

Faced with a huge growth of working class power, with strikes, occupations, self-reduction of prices and mass squatting the intelligence services began carrying out terrorist acts with the help of fascist groups. Anarchists and the left were blamed, and working class militants were arrested.

1935-1980s: The reign of Haile Selassie in Ethiopia

A critical look at the rule of Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, regarded by many as progressive, and by some as God incarnate!

Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia (full title "His Imperial Majesty Haile Selassie I, Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah, King of Kings and Elect of God") has almost universally been remembered as a kindly benefactor, yet the evidence suggesting otherwise is overwhelming.

1960-today: Skinhead culture

Anti-fascist skinheads demonstrate in Italy

A short history of Skinhead culture from its birth in 1960s Britain, and its relation to racist, anti-racist and working class politics.

Oi Oi Oi! A brief history of skinheads

1966: The Blake prison escape

George Blake

A short history of the miraculous prison break of Soviet double-agent George Blake from a British jail, organised by two libertarian activists.

In 1966, the most notorious prisoner in Britain was sprung from jail. George Blake was a British double-agent serving 42 years for spying for the Soviet Union. At the time this was the longest jail sentence ever imposed by a British court.

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