Politics in the First Person - Rising Free reprint series 2 issue 2

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A collection of articles about the class struggle in Italy in the mid 1970s. Published in London in 1981.

Author
Submitted by Fozzie on March 31, 2025

Contents

  • Politics in the First Person: the autonomous worker's movement in Italy - Wicked Messengers
  • Economic Crisis & Revolution. Or, Appropos of Capital and its Contradictons - Claudio Albertani
  • The Return of the Social Revolution. Or, Well Dug, Old Mole! - Claudio Albertani

Introduction - Rising Free

Again and again over the last decade, moments in the Italian class struggle have acted as an Inspiration to revolutionaries and leftists in this country. Be it the workers struggles of 1969-71, the student movements of 1977, Autonomia Operaia, the 'creative' autonomia, the extra-parliamentary groups, the feminist or gay movements, the armed parties.

Whatever your 'category' it's been possible to find a model in Italy. Even professors can look at their Italian counterparts and dream of secret lives and martyrdom. Part of this is rightly a tribute to the intensity and imagination displayed in these moments of refusal - an intensity and imagination often in marked contrast to similar reactions in Britain but equally in the left's interest in Italy can be seen more negative ambitions. Italian capitalism has always been a great exporter of 'style'.

The fascination of Italian leftism for many so called revolutionaries is the stylish gloss that can be given to the same useless illusions, the modish new bottles for the same sour grapes. This is nothing new. Leninists have regularly turned to the history of the Italian C.P (whether the sophisticated jesuitry of a Gramsci or the obsessive organisational fetishism of a Bordiga) in efforts to refurbish their bankruptcy. Today a similarly illusory source of renewal is sought in the various organisational reactions to the nakedly anti-proletarian C.P. Of particular fascination have been the 57 varieties of neo-leninism - both soft the extra parliamentary rackets (eg. Lotta Continua), and hard - the post-maoist tendencies within the area of Autonomy (diffuse party', 'party-process' , non-party parties).

The source of this fascination here is clearly the same 'crisis of militancy' that has produced, for example 'Beyond the fragments'. Its critique of the left and its failure is similarly based on purely structural grounds (critique of hierarchy, lack of democracy, 'betrayal' etc.) not of function (as ideological wing of capital). (Alternatively, critique of the lefts failure to respond to: read instrumentalise new movements). Behind the interest in class composition and the 'new class subject' all too often lies the same old despair at the failure of the working class to shape up. Behind the sophisticated analyses of capitalist restructuring we discover the same old productivist horror a: "self-management" or "workers control" (sic.).

Fetishising the superficially new forms of capitalist attack or proletarian defense provides radical camouflage for the same old leftist project channeling struggle into reformism, into the restyling of capitalism. The effect of this embrace of death has been to obscure much of what has been genuinely inspirational and subversive in the. Italian struggles.

We're reprinting these articles because we've found them useful and interesting. Of course no solutions to anything can be found in texts (except perhaps how to console the failure to be subversive). But we hope that they'll at least provide food for thought.

Rising Free, April 1981

Comments

lurdan

2 weeks 1 day ago

Submitted by lurdan on April 2, 2025

Yeah same person. This is him.

Albertani was active in anarchist currents in Milan in the 1970s. He is listed as a contact on the 1972 Comontismo pamphlet 'Contratti o Sabotaggio?'

There's a collection of Comontismo texts online here and the current is referred to in Francesco Santini's 'Apocalypse and Survival'

In the late '70s he was involved with the Milanese group which produced the journal Insurrezione. Steve Wright mentions their pamphlet 'Proletari, Se Voi Sapeste' in this article. The pamphlet itself is online here.

In 1980 Albertani moved to Mexico as did his comrade Tito Pulsinelli
(Umanita Nova obituary here). (English translation)

Over the years since Albertani has written a lot of texts especially about Mexico. They include this co-authored one reprinted in Collegamenti - In Che Momento Si È Fottuto Il Messico?

A couple of articles by him in English:

'Paint It Black: Black Blocs Tute Bianche and Zapatistas in the Anti-globalization Movement'

'Education as a Battlefield: The Autonomous University of Mexico City in the National and International Contexts'

Another translated text here: 'Empire and its pitfalls: Toni Negri and the disconcerting trajectory of Italian workerism' (temporary link - scroll down)

Insurrezione had written extensively about the 'Movement of 77', among many other things strongly criticising the actions of the 'armed parties', including the anarchist Azione Rivoluzionaria. These particular texts have been reprinted several times.

'Il laboratorio della controrivoluzione. Italia 1979-80' is online here.

Anarchismo reprinted a number of texts by Insurrezione including 'Parafulmini e Controfigure' and 'L. A. x C.= NIHIL' in a pamphlet which is online here.

(There is a very poor 'draft' translation of bits of the pamphlet online here)

In 1999 Albertani wrote a brief introduction to 'Parafulmini e Controfigure' (archived here).

In 2021 he and Pulsinelli wrote an introduction to a Chilean reprint of 'Parafulmini e Controfigure' and 'L. A. x C.= NIHIL' (reprinted online here on facebook).

A rough translation of the opening:

The documents we present here were controversial in their time, and we are sure that they will still be today, since they concern a complex issue of which is seldom considered "strategically", and about which there is a powerful mystification in revolutionary milieus: armed violence.

There is no doubt that capital and the world it reproduces is based on structural violence, which, to the extent that the crisis deepens, becomes less and less "symbolic" and more obvious in the eyes of all: we experience it every day in our work, means of transport, schools and universities, neighborhoods, homes and in every sphere of daily life subsumed to this irrational logic. However, we cannot succumb to the temptation to simplify antagonism and social subversion into a simple violent confrontation between two sides, in which, inevitably, we will be defeated by the strongest apparatus, with greater resources, and logistical and personal means: the State. The specialization and autonomy of a voluntarist minority in the "exercise of violence" - however enthusiastic they are - cannot by themselves accelerate matters or make rapid progress, nor can they assist the real movement fighting for the suppression of the conditions of our existence to substantially advance, indeed often they push it completely into the abyss. The texts by "Insurrezione" presented in this booklet analysed and took stock of this "problem" which had catastrophic consequences for the powerful proletarian movement that had emerged explosively in Italy in the late 1960s and which definitively ended its cycle in a spiral of repression and blind violence in the early 1980s.

However, these introductory remarks are in no way aimed at calling for social peace or for a clearly suicidal and reactionary immobility: revolutionary violence is necessary at all times, but the central and important things are its social content and its link to the antagonistic movement, the only guarantees to properly calibrate this activity, avoiding both its co-option by the enemy, and the "substitutionism" of an elitist vanguard acting in the name of the exploited: in that way, at best, the proletariat is merely a passive spectator who feels an abstract sympathy for actions of a spectacular nature carried out by guerrillas.

Fozzie

2 weeks 1 day ago

Submitted by Fozzie on April 2, 2025

Thanks Lurdan, that is an interesting overview!