An Investigation Into Red-Brown Alliances: Third Positionism, Russia, Ukraine, Syria, And The Western Left

Originally posted on Ravings of a Radical Vagabond this is a comprehensive summary of Third Positionist fascist currents old and new, and the successful insertion of their ideas into leftist milieus and alternative media outlets.

Submitted by Anonymous on February 1, 2018

This long post started as an investigation about the Left and Syria which I started after I read the Sol Process blog’s publication of three posts concerning shady pro-Assad sources used in leftist circles (which can be read here: part I, part II, part III), and which later expanded into a more extensive investigation. I also thank the acknowledgement of my blog post by Russia Without BS, whose blog was helpful in the initial stages of my research.

Note for safety purposes: this post will contain links to far-right pages for documentation and sourcing purposes, and any link to such a page will be in bold and italic, such as this.

On Some Obscure Strains Of Fascism

I will first provide some historical context by exploring the history of early alliances between revolutionaries and reactionaries and of some lesser known forms of fascism which, unlike the majority of Western fascists who supported the United States’ anti-Communism during the Cold War, instead actively supported and rallied around the Soviet Union.

The Feudal Socialists

Alliances between revolutionaries and reactionaries are by themselves nothing new, as already in the Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx was criticizing the Feudal Socialists. Alliances between revolutionaries and reactionaries are by themselves nothing new: in 1848 Karl Marx was already criticizing the Feudal Socialists in the Communist Manifesto. The Feudal Socialists were members of the French and English aristocracies who had lost their privileges in the revolutions of 1830 and sought to restore the old aristocratic order by trying to appeal to the working class to attack the bourgeoisie: they presented themselves as protectors of the working class proclaiming that under their rule bourgeois exploitation did not yet exist while at the same time railing against the creation of a revolutionary proletariat which would undo the old order of society completely. The reactionary and aristocratic nature of their movements however meant that they never really gained any mass support. Those who adopted this strategy included a section of the Legitimists, the French royalists who sought a restoration of the Ancien Régime and supported the traditionalist House of Bourbon’s claim to the throne of France against the then ruling and more liberal House of Orléans.

The Maurrassians, the Sorelians and the Birth of Fascism

The Dreyfus Affair

The Dreyfus Affair was a crisis which erupted under the French Third Republic in 1894 when French army captain Alfred Dreyfus was convicted of allegedly handing over secret French military documents to the German army. Despite evidence exonerating Dreyfus, he was still arrested and court-martialed due to anti-Semitic prejudice against him. Dreyfus was not given a fair trial and was condemned to life imprisonment and dishonorably discharged, with anti-Semitic groups publicizing the affair and the public supporting the conviction.

Dreyfus’ family members were the only ones who kept on challenging the verdict and claim he was innocent until evidence surfaced that another army officer was the one who had given these documents to the German army, after which the pro-Dreyfus side gained increasing support and novelist Emile Zola wrote an open letter titled “J’Accuse!” (I Accuse!) which accused the government and the army of anti-Semitism and covering up the Dreyfus case, for which Zola was convicted of libel against the army and had to flee to England. His article had a profound impact and divided the France into two camps: the anti-Dreyfusards, comprising the Catholic Church, the army and the right wing who feared the reversal of the verdict would weaken the military establishment, and the Dreyfusards, made up of a coalition of moderate Republicans, Socialists and Radicals.

With the Dreyfusards gaining ground, a document implicating Dreyfus was revealed to be a forgery and Major Hubert-Joseph Henry confessed fabricating it. However the anti-Dreyfusards became a threat to the Republic and the Republican parties formed a coalition and a left-wing cabinet was set up to defend the Republic.

When Dreyfus was found guilty again in 1899, a year after the reopening of the case, the French President instead decided to pardon him, and Dreyfus was eventually freed and exonerated.

The Action Française and Charles Maurras

Among the most extreme nationalist movements of the late 19th century was the Action Française, founded in 1899 as part of the anti-Dreyfusard nationalist reaction, and which became dominated soon after by Charles Maurras, under whom it became a far-right neo-monarchist organization. Action Française combined support of an Orléanais monarchy based on legitimist principles and corporate representation under a neo-traditionalist state with a radical nationalism into an authoritarian, exclusionary and intolerant a ideology called “integral nationalism” conceptualizing the nation as an “organic whole” with the monarch as its head. Despite Maurras’ own agnosticism and interest in spiritualism and magic rather than Christianity, Action Française saw religion as a force of order and supported nationalism, tradition and religion, drawing its support from the Catholic public. According to Maurras’ and Action Française‘s vitriolic intolerant ideology, minorities labelled as the four “States within the State” – Jews, Freemasons, Protestants and Metics – were taking over society by secretly helping each other to positions of power. Action Française acquired a prominent position within the early 20th century nationalist movement in France through a cultivation of style and aesthetics and through an elitist yet at the same time most vitriolic propaganda. The activists of Action Française, Les Camelots du Roi (the Streethawkers of the King), sold its publications and engaged in street fights against leftists and liberals, and though it has been called the first pre-fascist “shirt movement” of radical nationalism, its upper-class elitist nature means it never sought to properly become an organized party or develop a militia. The Action Française was so extreme that the pretender to the throne rejected it and the Papacy later excommunicated Maurras in 1927.

With the outbreak of massive strikes in 1906 following the Courrières mining disaster where French 1109 coal miners died in a coal dust explosion, Action Française started involving itself in social issues by forging links with trade unions and cooperating with syndicalists against the Republic. Maurras proclaimed that the solution to the inevitability of class struggle in democracy was the installation of an authoritarian class collaborationist monarchy, and between 1906 and the outbreak of the First World War, Action Française collaborated with various syndicalist movements.

Georges Sorel and the Cercle Proudhon

Among Maurras’ collaborators was Georges Sorel, who started as an orthodox Marxist in the early 1890s and supported the Dreyfusard camp due to his conviction that socialism was a moral issue, although he later became disillusioned by how the politicians on the Left exploited the affair to join the parliamentary system and access the privileges of bourgeois institutions. Sorel’s belief of socialism being an ethical issue led him to later go through a process of significant revision of Marxism after supporting Eduard Bernstein’s revisionism against Karl Kautsky. Embracing accelerationism with the hope that the development of capitalism would modernize society and encourage class consciousness, Sorel rejected materialism as well as liberal democracy and political liberalism in favor of direct action, saw violence as an end in itself and considered that society needed to be saved and regenerated from what he considered as “humanity’s tendency to slide towards decadence”. Consistent to Sorel’s thought, however, was a rejection of bourgeois society and its values of rationalism, the Enlightenment and intellectualism and an embrace of pessimism and a cult of heroic ages and values, and his theory of myths, according to which the masses need myths to mobilize, and Sorel embraced philosopher Henri Bergson’s rejection of rationalism in favor of intuition. By the end of this process of revisionism, Sorel had become a revolutionary syndicalist for whom the “myth” of the general strike would mobilize the proletarian to act against the French Third Republic and its bourgeois system.

With the decline of strike activity in 1909 and disappointed by the push for reforms rather than revolution by the Confédération Générale du Travail, however, Sorel abandoned socialism and in 1914 he declared that “socialism is dead”. After Sorel read the second edition of the Maurras’ book Enquête Sur La Monarchie (Investigations on Monarchy) where Sorel was positively mentioned, a collaboration started between him and Maurras’ Action Française with the aim of overthrowing the bourgeois French Third Republic.

Following the failure of a common project between Sorel, his disciple Édouard Berth and the Action Française‘s Georges Valois of a national-socialist journal called La Cité Française, Valois and Berth founded a National Syndicalist political group called the Cercle Proudhon (Proudhon Circle) while Sorel, whom the group claimed as its mentor, refused to participate in the Cercle due to his own apprehensions towards the Maurrassians, and instead founded his own anti-Semitic and nationalist journal, L’Indépendance. Sorel however became dissatisfied with nationalism, left L’Indépendance in 1913 and opposed the union sacrée and the entry of France in the First World War in 1914 before later praising Lenin after the Russian Revolution in 1917.

The common theme uniting the Sorelians and the Maurrassians was their opposition to the Enlightenment and the French Revolution and the aim of the Cercle was to provide a common platform for nationalists and leftist anti-democrats. The Cercle Proudhon had a particular interpretation of the works of Anarchist theorist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, largely due to his influence on syndicalism, but also because Action Française itself was attracted to his anti-Semitism and support for the traditional patriarchal family, and their own reinterpretation of his opposition to bourgeois democracy, even though Proudhon himself was not a fascist or a proto-fascist. Out of the Cercle Proudhon, Georges Valois formed the Faisceau, the first French fascist party

The Sorelians and the Italian Fascists

At the same time that Sorel was preparing to launch La Cité Française, one his Sorel’s disciples in Italy was Arturo Labriola, who was also one of the main theoreticians of revolutionary syndicalism in Italy and in 1902 had started the publication of a revolutionary syndicalist called Avanguardia Socialista, to which contributed Sergio Panunzio, who later became one of the main theoreticians of Italian fascism. Around that time, the revolutionary syndicalists had left the Socialist Party in 1907 and the main socialist trade union, the CGL, in 1909, and founded their own Unione Sindicale Italiana (USI), becoming more heterodox in the process. Labriola developed his own theory of a “proletarian nation” according to which Italy was an exploited nation and revolutionary transformation concerned all of society instead of class alone. Among the other syndicalist leaders, Panunzio stressed the importance of violence, Robert Michels elaborated on mass mobilization and the need of new elites, and Labriola developed corporatist economic theories. These revolutionary syndicalists had an interpretation of Marxism whereby they advocated for developing Italian capitalism as a prerequisite for a revolutionary movement and were in favor of cross-class collaboration with the farmers and the workers and supported “proletarian nationalism” and Italian expansionism. In 1910, the journal La Lupa was founded by revolutionary syndicalist Paolo Orano and, like the Cercle Proudhon, united syndicalist leaders such as Orano, Labriola, Angelo Oliviero Olivetti and Michels, and nationalists around Enrico Corradini.

Some of Sorel’s Italian disciples even left the Socialist Party to join Italian nationalist Enrico Corradini, who in 1910 founded the Italian Nationalist Association. The Italian Nationalist Association itself was an upper class and elitist organization though, based on the suggestions of the syndicalists close to him, Corradini described Italy as an exploited “proletarian nation” which had to undergo a class collaborationist national revolution which would modernize and strengthen Italy and turn it into a militarist and imperialist power. This process transformed many revolutionary syndicalists into nationalist syndicalists, and many syndicalists and nationalists supported Italy’s 1911 war against the Ottoman Empire and its subsequent occupation of Libya. By 1914, the revolutionary syndicalists had significantly revised Marxism and some of its leaders became nationalists who supported Italy’s entry in the First World War on the side of the Entente, thus becoming national syndicalists who later counted among the founders of the Italian fascist movement and members of the regime of Mussolini.

The USI itself adopted a neutral stance during the war, and its interventionist national syndicalist wing was put in minority position and subsequently expelled; one of the expelled members, Alceste De Ambris, together with Angelo Oliviero Olivetti co-founded the Revolutionary Fasci of Internationalist Action, which called on Italian workers to support Italian intervention in the war. The next month Benito Mussolini, himself a former syndicalist who had read Sorel before later becoming an anti-Communist nationalist, founded the Autonomous Fasci of Revolutionary Action and started his own publication funded by pro-interventionist business interests, Il Popolo d’Italia (The People of Italy) after his expulsion from the Socialist Party for his support of Italian intervention in the war. Olivetti’s fascio merged with Mussolini’s to form the Fasci of Revolutionary Action in December 1914, whose purpose was to mobilize the masses into supporting the war, and in 1915 Il Popolo d’Italia first referred to it as the “fascist movement”. De Ambris became one of the founders in 1918 of the Unione Italiana del Lavoro, a national syndicalist union formed out of the interventionist wing expelled from the USI, and he co-authored the Fascist Manifesto in 1919 before later becoming an opponent of fascism and Mussolini and joining the anti-fascist Arditi del Popolo. Michele Bianchi, a former revolutionary syndicalist turned national syndicalist who had helped De Ambris found the Unione Italiana del Lavoro, later joined Mussolini and helped him found the Italian Fasci of Combat and the Fascist Party, of which he became the first secretary general, and was one of the leaders of Mussolini’s March on Rome. Sergio Panunzio joined Mussolini’s first fascio, and Paolo Orano and Robert Michels later joined the Fascist Party. The Italian Nationalist Association also later merged into Benito Mussolini’s National Fascist Party and many of its members became important figures of his regime, and within it formed part of the “Fascist Right” faction opposed to the national syndicalist “Fascist Left” faction led by Olivetti, Panunzio and Bianchi.

The Conservative Revolution

In a similar vein as Maurras’ Action Française arose a movement known as the Conservative Revolution as part of the reaction against the Enlightenment. The Conservative Revolution traces its origin to Counter-Enlightenment philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau and his disciples in Germany, who combined cultural criticism and anti-rationalism, and to the denunciation of liberalism and rationalism as “un-German” by nationalists like Johann Fichte and Ernst Arndt. The Conservative Revolution developed in the backdrop of the drastic transformations Germany was experiencing in the 19th century, with Otto von Bismarck’s Unification of Germany and his establishment of a semi-authoritarian system with a weak parliament, with urbanization and the rise of class antagonisms and decline in Christian faith and specifically German culture accompanying the industrialization of Germany, and with Bismarck’s persecution of socialists and Catholics, which resulted in Germans blaming the parliamentary system and its parties for these conflicts, and the spread of the wish for the rise a Caesarist a national hero who would unify German society.

The Conservative Revolutionaries attacked materialist capitalist society, castigated the press, the political parties and the new political elites, and railed against the “spiritual emptiness of life” and the “decline of intellect and virtue” of urban and commercial mass society while at the same time romanticizing earlier rural communities of kings and peasants. Unlike the traditional conservatives who sought to preserve and restore the old order, the Conservative Revolutionaries combined conservatism with revolutionary ideas and sought to break away from the present they lived in to create a future society based on a past they idealized. The Conservative Revolution was a reactionary revolt against modernity and liberal, industrial society and, while it was anti-socialist and anti-Communist, its main target was liberalism, which its ideologues held as alien to German society and equated with secularism, rationalism and humanism, exploitative capitalist society and embourgeoisement, and on which it blamed all the ills of Western society. In contrast to this, the Conservative Revolutionaries posed as defenders of national redemption, supported a return to folk-community and glorified violence in their quest for national heroism.

The Conservative Revolutionaries initially welcomed the outbreak of the First World War, which they saw as a promising break with the past. Having supported the struggle against the West, which they saw as antithetical to Germany, the Conservative Revolutionaries reviled the liberal capitalist Weimar Republic, which represented everything they opposed, and it was precisely under Weimar Germany that they came to prominence. Though the older generations of the Conservative Revolution had sought to accommodate themselves to the Republic, its younger members who had experienced the war insisted it should be replaced by a dictatorship and either worked with the German far-right seeking to overthrow it or stayed out of the political arena to delegitimize it.

The main figure of the Conservative Revolution in Weimar Germany was Arthur Moeller van den Bruck, according to whom the world consisted of old and young nations, with Fate supporting the young over the old, and whereby he rationalized Germany’s defeat in the Great War by claiming that old Britain and France had co-opted the young and gullible United States. Therefore, for him, the future of Germany was eastwards, between the liberal West and collectivist Russia. Germany’s defeat and the German Revolution in which the German Empire was overthrown and replaced by the Weimar Republic gave rise to a sense of alienation and dissatisfaction among the middle classes and former officers among whom Moeller found his audience, and he subsequently animated the June Club, which was founded in 1919 and was based on national socialist and corporatist premises in addition to a strong anti-Westernism which became more pronounced after the Treaty of Versailles (the Club itself was named for the month the treaty was signed). The June Club was of considerable influence within conservative circles, and its meetings were occasionally attended by the future chancellor Heinrich Brüning and the future member of the Nazi party Otto Strasser, and in 1922 Hitler addressed one of Moeller’s seminars, though Moeller later described Hitler as “wrecked by his proletarian primitivism” after the failure of the Beer Hall Putsch. The Club published a journal called Gewissen (Conscience) which lamented the decline of Germany, showed concern for the German diaspora, criticized party politics and advocated for replacing the Republic by a dictatorship. The most influential of Moeller’s publications was Das Dritte Reich (The Third Reich), published in 1922 and in which Moeller summarized the resentments and aspirations of the Conservative Revolutionaries and laid down the vision of a conservative revolution which would establish a system of nationalist “socialism” uniting the classes in Germany into state he called the Third Reich, which constituted one of the most powerful anti-Republican ideas under the Weimar Republic. Moeller however had a nervous breakdown and committed suicide in 1925. Moeller’s myth of the Third Reich was appropriated by the Nazis though they later repudiated him in 1933 and denied he had had any influence on them, largely because Moeller himself was not an anti-Semite.

Oswald Spengler was another major figure of the Conservative Revolution. An opponent of liberal democracy, which he considered a “foreign concept” imported from England, he first published his magnum opus, The Decline of the West, in 1918 where he laid down his deterministic understanding of history according to which cultures develop like organisms which grow, develop, age and die, with their final stage of decline and death being when they become “civilizations”. According to his thesis, the transition from a “culture” to a “civilization” was marked by the appearance of rationalists such as Rousseau, Socrates and the Buddha, the decline of the culture-bearing elites and their replacement by the bourgeoisie, and accompanied itself by mass democracy, wars, expansionism and Caesarism: authoritarian rulers like Caesar or Augustus. For Spengler, the 19th and 20th centuries were when Europe declined from a “culture” into a “civilization”, with Napoleon being an equivalent of Alexander the Great who foreshadowed the age of Caesarism. The Decline of the West was a best-seller, largely because it comforted Germans by rationalizing the hardships of Germany as part of larger historical processes, though Moeller criticized it by claiming that, while Spengler had rightly predicted the decline of the West, Germany’s defeat had instead restored the promise of vitality. The next year Spengler published Prussianism and Socialism with the aim of uniting German socialists and conservatives against the Weimar Republic, and in which he rejected Marxism as an “English ideology” and instead asserted a corporatist, nationalist and militarist “socialism” under the authority of a monarchical and authoritarian Prussian state inspired by the “Soldier King” Frederick William I of Prussia. Spengler, who had initially voted for Hitler, faced isolation under the Nazi regime for his rejection of anti-Semitism and of racialist theories (Spengler instead adhered to a form of spiritual racism) and his criticisms of the Nazis.

Another prominent member of the Conservative Revolution was Karl Haushofer, one of the leading theoreticians of “geopolitics”, a theory of international relations developed by Friedrich Ratzel and Halford Mackinder, and which conceived relations between states in terms of social Darwinist competition according to which whoever controlled the area dominated by the Russian Empire would be the major world power. Haushofer had been a military attaché to Japan following the latter’s victory against the Russian Empire in 1905, a victory which inspired anti-colonial nationalists around the world and led to the Russian Revolution of 1905 which was itself a prelude to the Revolution of 1917. After serving in the German Army in the First World War, Haushofer became an advocate of an alliance between Germany and Russia, and eventually with China and Japan. Unlike the Nazis who prefered Western colonialism and white supremacist domination of the Third World, Haushofer instead advocated for German support for anti-colonial struggles against the British and French Empires. Haushofer however exerted influence on the Nazi party, especially through his pupil Rudolf Hess, and Hitler absorbed the concept of Lebensraum from Haushofer. Karl Haushofer eventually became disillusioned with the Nazi regime and his son Albrecht was involved in the German resistance and participated in the failed attempt to assassinate Hitler in July 1944.

Other figures of the Conservative Revolution included Carl Schmitt, who rejected parliamentary democracy, elaborated legal theories resting on the idea that modern societies needed a “total state” to function and identified politics as the distinction between a “friend” and an “enemy”, and Ernst Jung, who supported a fascist version of the Conservative Revolution envisioning an “organic German nation”.

Shortly before Moeller’s suicide, June Club itself was dissolved and transformed into the more aristocratic Herrenklub (which Moeller had refused to join), which sponsored a journal called Der Ring, the direct successor of the then defunct Gewissen. The Conservative Revolutionaries’ influence was initially limited mostly to sections of the Republic’s institutions such as former members of the German Youth Movement (which was itself part of the Conservative Revolution) who had joined the civil service and the government in large numbers. These ideas also became widespread within the Reichswehr, the newly formed army of Weimar Republic, under the leadership of the chief of staff and later commander in chief Hans von Seeckt who was himself close to Conservative Revolutionary ideas, and which many former Freikorps members who shared ideas similar to those of the Conservative Revolutionaries joined. However, with the Great Depression, their ideas gained traction within German society and Der Ring hailed the undermining of the parliament by the succeeding Chancellors Heinrich Brüning, Franz von Papen (who had himself been a member of the Herrenklub and whose presidential cabinet was hailed as the culmination of the Conservative Revolution by Der Ring) and Kurt von Schleicher.

The Conservative Revolution itself was ambivalent towards the Nazis in that, while its members supported many aspects of Nazi ideology and welcomed its rise, they were elitists with a contempt for the masses reserving their ideas to an esoteric minority circle, and therefore saw themselves as paving the way for the creation of a “new Germany” in which they did not see a role for the Nazis, which they considered a vulgar mass movement and disliked those who joined it. Unlike the Nazis, the Conservative Revolutionaries expressed support for an alliance with the Soviet Union based on their own idea of a romantic and anti-capitalist “German socialism” (unlike Soviet socialism where the proletariat is the revolutionary element, their “German socialism” considered the “deeply revolutionary Völk” as its base), did not write about biological racism, and eschewed the use of the Republic’s institutions to obtain power. During the last days of the Weimar Republic, this ambivalence manifested itself in how they were were torn between opposing the Nazis, which meant supporting the Republic they despised, or siding against the Republic by supporting the Nazis, with whom they still had their differences despite shared similarities: while they welcomed the rise of the Nazis due to their shared reactionary ideals, they disliked the mass character of the Nazi movement

The attacks by the Conservative Revolutionaries on the Weimar Republic and its culture along with their spread of Caesarism and of a “sentimental brutality” shaped the mental and ideological climate that set the stage for the Nazis by making the German middle classes more receptive to Nazi ideology and paved the way for their rise: the Nazis gathered the millions of malcontents about whom the Conservative Revolutionaries had spoken and for whom they elaborated dangerous and elusive ideas. Many Conservative Revolutionaries welcomed Hitler’s rise as the way to fulfill their goal, and Der Ring supported Hitler’s Third Reich by identifying it with Moeller’s. Some Conservative Revolutionaries joined the Nazis, the most prominent example being Carl Schmitt, who went on to join the Nazi party in 1933 and become the “crown jurist” of the Nazi regime, writing the legal justification for Hitler’s massacre of the Nazi party’s Strasserist wing in the Night of the Long Knives, and later formulating the concept of Grossraum, which denotes an area dominated by a power representing a specific “political idea”, inspired by the American Monroe doctrine and based on international law to justify Hitler’s expansionism. Jung became an opponent of the Nazi regime and was murdered during the Night of the Long Knives, while other Conservative Revolutionaries opposed to the Nazis went into exile and some Conservative Revolutionaries participated in the failed attempt to assassinate Hitler in July 1944.

German National Bolshevism

Laufenberg and Wolffheim

The very first National-Bolsheviks were Heinrich Laufenberg, a former member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who had been President of the Council of the Workers and Soldiers in Hamburg during the German Revolution, and Fritz Wolffheim, an ex-member of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) who was then living in Hamburg, and who were both leaders of the Hamburg branch of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) during the 1910s. In 1919 they submitted to Karl Radek their policy of having the working class ally with the bourgeoisie into a nationalist dictatorship of the proletariat which would fight a national liberation war (a position which would strangely be adopted by various Marxist-Leninist and Maoist groups in the late 20th century) against the Entente powers occupying Germany following WWI. Laufenberg’s and Wolffheim’s proposal was rejected by Radek and labelled as an absurdity by Vladimir Lenin himself, and they were soon expelled from the KPD. Laufenberg and Wolffheim later helped the Communist Workers Party of Germany (KAPD), but were soon expelled from it as well because of their National Bolshevism, their expulsion being Radek’s condition for admitting the KAPD to the Third Congress of the Comintern.

The Treaty of Rapallo

Following Germany’s defeat in the First World War, the Weimar Republic sought to circumvent the limitations on the Reichswehr imposed by the Treaty of Versailles through secret military collaboration whereby illegal and secret far-right German paramilitaries of the Schwarze Reichswehr, underground formations of the Reichswehr which included Freikorps, were permitted to train in Soviet territory and provide training for the newly created Red Army. This cooperation was formalized by the Treaty of Rapallo of 1922 and the secret Soviet-German Military Pact, proposed by the Reichswehr‘s Hans von Seeckt and supported by the Reichswehr‘s conservative Prussian military elite, for whom the national interests of Russia and Germany were compatible despite their ideological differences, and the Reichsbank‘s president Hjalmar Schacht negotiated for Germany to give credits to the Soviet Union while German firms were allowed to establish factories for the production of war equipment in Soviet territory.

The start of the Occupation of the Ruhr by France and Belgium in 1923, meant to force Germany to continue paying war reparations, however threatened this cooperation and resulted in rising nationalism in Germany, especially among the working class, and the Comintern subsequently pushed for cooperation between the Communists and the ultra-nationalists. In June 1923 Radek gave a speech to the Enlarged Executive Committee of the Comintern praising Leo Schlageter, a far-right Freikorps member who together with his unit joined the NSDAP in 1921 and engaged in sabotage against the French forces occupying the Ruhr before being executed by them in May 1923. This was a followed by a period of cooperation between the KPD and the Nazis against the Versailles Treaty during which KPD member Ruth Fischer infamously attacked “Jewish capital” in an attempt to appeal to Nazi students, and the KPD’s newspaper reprinted articles by members of the German far-right such as Arthur Moeller van den Bruck even as its rank and file members were fighting against fascists on the streets.

This second National-Bolshevik wave died off during the period of growth Germany experienced from the mid- to late-1920s, though following the Comintern’s “social fascism” turn (itself partly a reaction to the SPD using Freikorps units to crush the Spartacist uprising, during which revolutionaries Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht were murdered) the KPD cooperated again with the NSDAP in an attempt to bring down the Social Democratic Party-led government of Prussia in 1931, again with opposition from its rank and file base and again with support from the Comintern, which wished to end diplomatic talks between France and Germany. The next year, the KPD participated in a failed strike together with the NSDAP, while again rank and file Communists instead engaged in street battles against Nazi Brownshirts, and which were damaging to the KPD by revealing its poor organizing skills and lack of workplace support and making it appear confused while helping Nazi propaganda by giving credence to NSDAP claims of being a worker friendly party without harming the Nazis’ relationship with the industrialists. This strategy, also based on the flawed accelerationist idea that the fascists’ policies would lead to a proletarian revolution and summed by then leader of the KPD Ernst Thälmann’s slogan “After Hitler, Our Turn!”, actively helped the rise of the Nazis, and the KPD refused to form a United Front with the SPD and preferred directing its attacks against the social demorats even after the Nazis seized power and unleashed their violence on the German Left.

Ernst Niekisch

The third period of National-Bolshevism came with Ernst Niekisch, a member of the SPD who had participated in the foundation of the Bavarian Soviet Republic and was chairman of its Central Council. Niekisch was later expelled from the SPD for his extreme nationalism, after which he joined the Old Social Democratic Party of Germany, which he pushed towards a more nationalist direction and called for a “Prussian-Slavonic bloc” from Vlissingen to Vladivostok, and became involved with the Conservative Revolution, though he never adhered to the “Prussian socialism” of the Conservative Revolutionaries and maintained his original Communist outlook. Niekisch saw the Russian Revolution as a national form of class struggle, advocated for a nationalist form of Communism and together with Conservative Revolutionary Ernst Jünger he joined the Consortium for the Study of Soviet Planned Economy (ARPLAN), which aimed to establish cooperation between Germany and the Soviet Union, and which he saw as the only way of opposing the Treaty of Versailles. Niekisch was sentenced to life imprisonment by the Nazi regime in 1934 and was released after the Second World War, becoming an orthodox Marxist and moving to West Germany following the suppression of the 1953 workers uprising by the German Democratic Republic with Soviet support. Among those influenced by Niekisch was Otto Paetel, who formed the Group of Social Revolutionary Nationalists, which opposed the Versailles Treaty, supported close cooperation with the Soviet Union and saw anti-capitalism as the means to free Germany from Western occupation. Unlike Niekisch, who was staunchly anti-Nazi, Paetel attempted to work with the Hitler Youth and many members of his organization also belonged to the “left wing” of the Nazi party of Gregor and Otto Strasser.

The Brownshirts and the Strasserists

Following the Nazis’ seizure of power in 1933, many Communists from the KPD defected to the Nazis, being derisively labeled as “Beefsteak Nazis”- Nazis who were “Brown on the outside and Red on the inside”. These former Communists joined and had a significant presence in the Sturmabteilung (abbreviated as the SA, also known as the Brownshirts and the Stormtroopers), the Nazi paramilitaries led by Ernst Röhm.

Ernst Röhm

Ernst Röhm was a veteran of the First World War, and an officer in the Imperial German Army and the Reichswehr who served in the Freikorps which destroyed the socialist Bavarian Soviet Republic. In 1919, he joined the recently formed German Workers’ Party, which became the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (the NSDAP, or the Nazi party) the next year, and Röhm soon became a close friend and ally of Hitler and helped him found the Sturmabteilung. In 1923 he participated in the Beer Hall Putsch, and after the failure of the coup he was tried and found guilty of high treason and discharged from the Reichswehr before spending two years as military advisor in Bolivia. Röhm was recalled back to Germany by Hitler after the latter’s electoral success in 1930 to take command of the SA. Röhm drastically expanded the SA and turned them into a paramilitary force which helped Hitler’s to power between 1930 and 1933 by fighting against Communists, engaging in racist and especially anti-Semitic violence, and intimidating opposition to the Nazis.

Röhm and the SA belonged to a left-wing section of the Nazi party adhering to a “socialist” form of Nazism advocating for the overthrow of the German upper classes, nationalizations, and programs to support the petite bourgeoisie which was still anti-Semitic and anti-Communist, and Röhm saw the Brownshirts as the core of the “revolution” envisaged by this wing of the Nazi party. Following Hitler’s seizure of power, Röhm began agitating for a fascist “revolution” and calling for the the formation of a “people’s army” by merging the Reichswehr into the much larger SA, which terrified the army, the Junker landowners and the industrialists whose support Hitler needed to secure his power and for his plans to rearm Germany. Hitler himself had considered the socialist slogans as merely propaganda to attract the masses and regarded the SA as a force whose purpose was to provide the violence needed to propel the Nazi party into power which had become expendable, and when the agitation of the SA dissatisfied with Hitler’s alliance with the German capitalists began threatening his goal of succeeding President Paul von Hindenburg, Hitler had Röhm killed and the SA leadership purged in 1934 during the Night of the Long Knives, encouraged by Heinrich Himmler and Hermann Göring, who were Röhm’s enemies within the NSDAP. This was interpreted as a positive event by the KPD who tried appealing to SA members.

Gregor and Otto Strasser

Strasserism was a form of National-Socialism advocated by the brothers Gregor and Otto Strasser, both German veterans of the First World War who later served in the Freikorps which destroyed the Bavarian Soviet Republic. Gregor took part in the Kapp Putsch of 1920 which attempted to overthrow the Weimar Republic and replace it with a reactionary authoritarian state while Otto joined the Social Democratic Party and opposed the coup. Both Gregor and Otto later joined Hitler’s Nazi party, Gregor joining the SA and expanding the Nazi party in Bavaria taking part in the Beer Hall Putsch, following which he was imprisoned for a few weeks until his election to the Bavarian Landtag allowed him to be freed, and after Hitler was released from jail and the ban on the NSDAP was lifted in 1925 he organized and expanded the Nazi party in northern Germany while Hitler was banned from speaking publicly. Otto, who had been a friend of Arthur Moeller van den Bruck in the early days of the June Club, was allegedly the one who had introduced the idea of the Third Reich to the Nazis.

The Strasser brothers led a left-wing faction of the Nazi party adhering to a Völkisch and anti-Marxist form of “socialism” which advocated for nationalizations and a mass action, worker-based and anti-capitalist while still extremely anti-Semitic and anti-Communist form of Nazism, with Otto interpreting Stalinism as a Russian form of National-Socialism and advocating for cooperation with the Soviet Union and with the anti-imperialist peoples of the East such as China and India against the “declining” West. The Strasser brothers opposed Hitler’s alliance with industrialists, and this as well as rivalry between Gregor Strasser and Hitler led to clashes between them, and Otto was expelled from the Nazi party in 1930 and formed the Black Front before later going in exile and later returning to West Germany after the Second World War, where he remained active among neo-fascists. In 1930 Hitler removed Gregor from his position as head of the NDSAP’s propaganda which he had occupied since 1926, and gave his position to Goebbels. After Gregor was proposed the post of Vice-Chancellor in 1932, the rift between Strasser and Hitler increased, and Strasser resigned at the end of the year and retired from politics. Gregor Strasser was later arrested and killed and his faction of the Nazi party was purged during the Night of the Long Knives.

Francis Parker Yockey

As Anarchist researcher Kevin Coogan details in his book, Francis Parker Yockey was born in Chicago, Illinois in the United States, where he briefly flirted with Marxism in his youth before soon abandoning it for fascism. After reading Oswald Spengler and meeting Carl Schmitt, Yockey came under the influence of the Conservative Revolutionaries, including Haushofer, and was influenced by their ideas on cultural elites and geopolitics, their support of an alliance between Germany and the Soviet Union and their advocacy of German support for anti-colonial struggles.

Yockey would later associate with fascists during the Interwar period and during the Second World War including Charles Coughlin, the German-American Bund, the National German-American Alliance, the Silver Shirts, the America First Movement, among others. During WWII, Yockey would enlist in the US army despite opposing the entry of the US in the war, disappearing for two months after pro-Nazi saboteurs with ties to his family were arrested by the FBI (the FBI suspected Yockey himself was on an espionage mission for Nazis in Mexico) before returning and being honorably discharged after a mental breakdown in 1943. Yockey soon applied for a post at the Office for Strategic Services but was refused a job there because of his Nazi sympathies.

The defeat of the Nazi regime did not weaken Yockey’s commitment to fascism and he instead became more active in pro-fascist activity, becoming dedicated solely to reviving fascism. However many of these groups were anti-Communist and therefore would refuse to work with Yockey, with George Lincoln Rockwell of the American Nazi Party and his allies spurning Yockey and calling him a “neo-Strasserist” due to the idea of an alliance between the Left and the Right and working with anti-Zionist Communists being central to Yockey’s ideas.

In 1946 Yockey obtained a position in the US War Department as attorney for the Nuremberg Trials, undoubtedly to help some of the Nazi war criminals being tried. In Germany Yockey would spend his time forming ties with German fascists operating underground against the Allies and agitating against the US occupation of Germany and against what he perceived to be the “biased procedures” of the trials, causing him to be fired from his position the next year.

Following this he fled to a small village in Ireland where he wrote his heavily Spengler-influenced book Imperium with the aim of reviving fascism. In Imperium he rejects the biological racism of the Nazis and opts for a cultural racism instead, though he still defended the Nazis by denying the Holocaust in his book (while privately acknowlegding the existence of the Holocaust and praising the Nazis’ atrocities) which he dedicated to Hitler, being one of the very first Holocaust deniers ever, and considered the rise of the Nazi regime as an “European revolution”. Yockey, like Spengler, was opposed to parliamentarism and other models derived from the French Revolution, but unlike Spengler who did not stress anti-Semitism, Yockey himself was an avowed anti-Semite, and the crux of the ideology laid out by his book was that Europe was being eroded by liberalism, which he saw as a “Jewish plot to undermine European culture”, and was occupied by the United States and the Soviet Union, and that therefore Europe had to eschew nationalism and nation-states to instead unite into a fascist superstate which would “rejuvenate European culture” and be capable of opposing the two superpowers of the Cold War. This idea of a superstate was influenced by Carl Schmitt’s concept of the Grossraum.

Shortly after writing Imperium, Yockey lived in London, UK, where he worked for a short time for the European contact section of fascist Oswald Mosley‘s Union Movement, allowing him to form ties with an underground fascist network throughout Europe, including Alfred Franke-Gricksch, a former SS official and the leader of the neo-Nazi Bruderschaft organization. Following Yockey’s falling out with Mosley, he formed with the support of baroness Alice von Pflugl and the help of former Mosleyites the European Liberation Front, whose aim was to “liberate” Europe from the US and the USSR.

Yockey’s perception of the United States was itself negative in that he considered it to be little more than a “bastardized colony of Europe which had devolved from the influence of non-European minorities” and had “come under Jewish control”, and he therefore considered the impact of American capitalism as more destructive than Soviet repression for European culture and thus considered Soviet control as preferable to American domination of Europe. Hence he urged fascists to not collaborate with American anti-Communism during the Cold War and unlike most fascists who collaborated with US intelligence during the Cold War, Yockey’s European Liberation Front instead remained neutral and had a pan-European approach of geopolitics, with Yockey praising Soviet policy in Germany and seeking to secretly organize neo-Nazis in West Germany who would then collaborate with the Soviet military against American occupation. His aim was of course to form the European fascist superstate whose designs he laid out in Imperium.

Having lost his political ties in the United Kingdom, Yockey instead entered West Germany clandestinely, with army documents stating Yockey was “promoting a National Bolshevist movement” and contacting ex-Wehrmacht and ex-Nazi officers, among whom the Socialist Reich Party, a Strasserist party whose founder the ex-Wehrmacht member Otto Ernst Remer praised Imperium. Remer attacked Konrad Adenauer as an American puppet, denied the Holocaust and dismissed the Nazi regime’s atrocities as “Allied propaganda”, and agitated against the Allied occupation of West Germany while never criticizing East Germany and the Soviet Union, instead saying that he would “show the Russians all the way to the Rhine” should a conflict erupt between the US and the USSR, with Remer’s SRP receiving funding from the Soviets in the early 50s, something the Communist Party of Germany with which the SRP temporarily worked against Adenauer did not receive.

Yockey then traveled around Europe, distributing copies of his book to prominent neo-fascists, including French fascist Maurice Bardèche (himself one of the very first post-war Holocaust deniers like Yockey) and Julius Evola.

In Europe, Yockey participated in a conference by the Movimento Sociale Italiano (MSI), Europe’s first neo-fascist party founded by veterans of Mussolini Italian Social Republic, which was also attempting to form fascist networks. The conference amounted to little due to the aims of the various fascist groups involved present being at odds with each other and with internal strife within the MSI itself over whether to adopt an “Atlanticist” strategy and align with NATO and the West or a pan-European “Third Position” strategy opposed to both the Americans and the Soviets, with the anti-Communist MSI eventually allying with NATO and the US who were more concerned with opposing the Italian Communist Party instead of punishing fascists in these early days of the Cold War. Yockey’s advocacy of allying with the Soviet Union did not find very receptive audiences among these fascists, with many pan-European fascists including Julius Evola, who had erstwhile praised Yockey’s book, being skeptical his ideas.

Returning to the USA, Yockey worked with infamous anti-Communist US senator Joseph McCarthy and with H. Keith Thompson, an American fascist who was the American representative of the Socialist Reich Party and worked for the defence of Otto Ernst Remer. Thompson defended Hitler and the Nazi regime and would remain in connection with Yockey until his death. In 1950 he would give a speech at a conference by far-right preacher Gerald L. K. Smith’s Christian Nationalist Party where he would call the Nuremberg Trials a “sham” and claim the supposed existence of “global Jewish conspiracy”.

In the early 1940s Stalin initially adopted a pro-Zionist foreign policy (despite Lenin himself having condemned Zionism as a reactionary bourgeois movement) with the hope that Israel would be a socialist bulwark against British hegemony and supported the UN plan for the Partition of Palestine (and by extension endorsed the ethnic cleansing of Palestine) and the subsequent creation of the colonial Israeli state. The Soviet Union was the second state to recognize Israel after the United States, though the Soviet bloc soon did a foreign policy volte face and threw its support behind Arab nationalist movements after Israel emerged as a Western ally. However, far from being merely anti-Zionist and in opposition to Israel only, Soviet policy in Stalin’s later days became outright anti-Semitic and the Eastern bloc faced a wave of anti-Semitic purges in the 1950s which included the Night of the Murdered Poets and the Doctors’ Plot. It is in this context that Yockey, visiting Europe again, found himself attending the 1952 show trials in Prague during which eleven Jewish members of the Czechoslovak Communist Party including its secretary general Rudolf Slánský were executed on charges of being Zionists, Trotskyists, Western imperialists and Titoists (Slánský was, on the contrary, staunchly anti-Zionist). Yockey considered this to be the end of American hegemony in Europe and thought it “foretold a Russian break with Jewry”, which he saw as “a favorable development in the fight to liberate Europe”. For Yockey, the wave of anti-Semitic purges was a “declaration of war by Russia on the American-Jewish leadership” and he therefore cooperated with Soviet bloc intelligence and became a paid courier of the Czech secret services who themselves worked for the KGB, and he started advocating for a tactical alliance between fascists and the USSR to end the American occupation of Europe.

Back to New York, Yockey’s report on the Soviet bloc anti-Semitic purges led James Madole of the National Renaissance Party, an American Nazi party, to endorse the campaigns against “rootless cosmopolitans” and “Zionists” (which here is a coded anti-Semitic term referring to Jews rather than to the actual colonialist ideology of Zionism). Madole declared Communism as a mask for Russian nationalism following the triumph of Stalin over Trotsky, whom they saw as the leader of the “Jewish internationalist faction”, thus in his eyes transforming what fascists consider to be “Jewish Bolshevism” into National Bolshevism. The National Resistance Party itself started praising the Soviet Union and had portraits of Hitler and Stalin on its wall, attracting both Communists and Nazis, and certain American fascists started praising the Soviet Union as result.

Dissatisfied with the anti-Communism of the majority of the US far-right who was not very receptive to his National Bolshevik ideology and was at odds with his sympathy for the Stalinist USSR and for Third Worldist movements, Yockey traveled around the world, clandestinely going to East Germany and possibly to the USSR, writing propaganda for the Egyptian Information Industry and meeting Egyptian president Abel Gamal Nasser, under whom thousands of Nazi war criminals (including Yockey’s collaborator Otto Ernst Remer) fleeing Europe found refuge in Egypt.

Yockey spent some weeks in Cuba shortly after the Cuban revolution where dictator Fulgencio Batista was overthrown, seeking to form new ties again though his attempts failed, before being arrested by the FBI in 1960 and imprisoned. In jail, Yockey is recorded to have lamented the capture of Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann and praised Hitler as a hero. Yockey eventually committed suicide in jail by swallowing cyanide, allegedly to protect his contacts.

Before his suicide, Yockey was visited in jail by Willis Carto, who would then become one of the main advocates of Yockey’s ideology in North America, although Carto rejected Yockey’s own rejection of biological racism and his anti-American and pro-Soviet position. Carto’s organization, the Liberty Lobby, distributed Yockey’s writings through its newspaper Spotlight, and its publisher Noontide Press republished Imperium.

Therefore Yockey’s core ideology could be seen as consisting of: a cultural rather than biological racism, rejection of nationalism in favor of a European superstate, and support for pro-Soviet and Third Worldist forces against American hegemony and liberal democracy, which he considered to be a “Jewish plot”. Yockey’s ideology has been very influential among post-war neo-fascists and his book is distributed among Nazis and white supremacists, with former leader of the neo-Nazi British National Party John Tyndall praising Imperium, and is influential among far-right neo-pagans and occultists.

The European New Right

Yockey would become the ideological predecessor of the Third Position and the European New Right, among whose prominent members are Jean-Francois Thiriart, Alain de Benoist and Aleksandr Dugin. A main feature of the European New Right is its criticism of American imperialism and of the “economism” of liberalism and its attempt to form alliances or infiltrate far-left opponents of Western imperialism and globalization.

Jean-Francois Thiriart

Jean-Francois Thiriart was briefly a leftist in high school before joining the National Legion and the Association of the Friends of the German Reich, two far-right organizations, later serving in the Waffen-SS for which he would be imprisoned after WWII. After his imprisonment he would retire from political life until the 1960s when he re-entered politics due to his belief that Europe was losing its status as a cultural center, especially after the independence of the Congo and the Algerian Revolution during which he organized in favor of Belgian settlers who wanted Belgium to reconquer the Congo as well as support for the French Secret Army Organization seeking to maintain Algeria as a French colony through a brutal and bloody campaign of massacring Algerians.

Thiriart saw the Belgian and French loss of the Congo and Algeria as pan-European affairs rather than in purely nationalist terms and he founded the organization Jeune Europe with the aim of creating a united Europe which would have its own nuclear arsenal and would be independent of the USA and the USSR whom he considered were dominating Europe and had turned it into a battlefield, thus echoing Yockey in his pre-1952 days, though Thiriart himself had never apparently known or read Yockey. Like Yockey, Thiriart also despised parliamentary democracy and instead advocated for an anti-egalitarian totalitarian state.

Thiriart would also try denying being a fascist and distancing himself from his Nazi past, instead calling the Left-Right division as outdated (in typical fascist rhetoric) and advancing a philosophy called Communitarianism which claimed to transcend the division between the Left and the Right though Jeune Europe had open ties with Nazis and used openly fascist imagery. Thiriart from then on advocated for a union of Europe and the Soviet Union, which he considered to be more Russian than Communist as from the early 50s, into a “massive white power bloc from Brest to Vladivostok”. Here he was echoing Yockey again.

Following the Sino-Soviet Split, Thiriart started advocating for supporting China against the Soviets in an attempt to make the latter lose its grip on Europe to pave the way for a rapprochement between Europe and Russia, as well as supporting revolutionaries in Latin America and the Black Power movement in the Unites States to end American hegemony on Western Europe. He would further restructure Jeune Europe along the line of a Leninist vanguard party, drop the open Nazi imagery of his organization and repudiate his earlier positions on Algeria and the Congo.

From then on, Thiriart moved towards a “National-Communist” perspective which was significantly influenced by Nicolae Ceaușescu’s adoption of an ultra-nationalist National Communism as state ideology, no doubt the result of Romania’s inclusion of former Iron Guard fascists within its intelligence apparatus, and Romania’s break with the Soviet Union and shift towards the People’s Republic of China. In 1966, Thiriart himself met Ceaușescu who contributed an article to Thiriart’s publication and would then help Thiriart met Zhou Enlai, from whom Thiriart attempted in vain to obtain Chinese support for Jeune Europe.

Thiriart worked with Argentine politician Juan Perón, who saw his own views of Latin American unity and integration as tied to Thiriart’s ones on European unity and who saw Fidel Castro and Che Guevara as heroes just like Thiriart did (for which obviously neither Castro nor Che themselves should be blamed), during Perón’s exile in Madrid where he also courted many members of the European far-right (Norberto Ceresole, who was for a time a close advisor of Hugo Chavez, was an associate of Perón. This red-brown tendency of Ceresole was also reflected by his association with Holocaust denier Robert Faurisson and with Roger Garaudy, a Holocaust denying Communist who was himself praised by Hassan Nasrallah and Muammar Gaddafi).

Thiriart would adopt a policy of forming ties with the Left from now on, praising Ho Chi Minh’s struggle against America which he saw as an inspiration, and visited many Arab states trying to obtain support for a potential armed organization who would fight “American occupation” in Europe, and speaking at a Ba’ath party conference and meeting with Saddam Hussein, who was then only a colonel in the army. However receptive the Ba’ath party was to Thiriart’s proposal, it scrapped this project following the Soviet Union’s refusal to support it. He also attempted to form ties with Palestinian resistance organizations during this period. Thiriart retired again from public life after his failure to obtain significant support, though his few public appearances would keep on being vehicles for his anti-Americanism.

[Note: During Thiriart’s retirement, one of his followers, Renato Curcio, would go on to found the Red Brigades radical leftist organization which was active in the 70s and 80s in Italy. Another disciple of Thiriart, Claudio Mutti, would form the Italian-Libyan Friendship Organization after Muammar Gaddafi took power in Libya and later took part in organizing a “Nazi-Maoism” movement with the help of pro-China student groups, forming the Lotta Di Popolo organization, and would later meet Aleksandr Dugin in the 90s before arranging for Thiriart to visit Russia. Some Italian militants influenced by Thiriart would even adopt Hitler, Mao, Gaddafi and Juan Perón as heroes, and had slogans supporting a “fascist dictatorship of the proletariat” and praised both Hitler and Mao together.]

The collapse of the Soviet Union encouraged him to start working with the National-European Communitarian Party (PCN) a small party made up of former Maoists and neo-fascists, and run by Luc Michel, who identified himself as a National-Communist and acted as Thiriart’s secretary. In 1992, Thiriart would lead a PCN delegation of National-Communists to Russia to meet fascists who were now able to operate openly after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Thiriart met Yegor Ligachyov, who was receptive to Thiriart’s idea of a union between Europe and Russia against America. Ligachyov suggested it should be in the form of a revived Soviet Union, which Thiriart accepted, paralleling Yockey’s post-1952 National-Bolshevik positions.

Thiriart died from a heart failure in late 1992, his followers setting up a second European Liberation Front to continue Thiriart’s project. The European Liberation Front kept contacts with the Russian coalition of the National Salvation Front and supported the National Salvation Front during the 1993 crisis opposing it to Boris Yeltsin in Russia.

Alain de Benoist

Among the neo-fascists to come out of Thiriart’s ideological orbit is Alain de Benoist, who has exerted a substantial influence on the New Right. In his teenage years, De Benoist joined Thiriart’s Jeune Europe out of sympathy for the French occupation of Algeria in the late 50s and would later be a member of the editorial board of Europe-Action, a successor organization of Jeune Europe after the latter was banned by the French government.

During this period De Benoist was a standard mainstream neo-fascist opposed to Communism, defending apartheid and supporting the American imperialist war in Vietnam. Dissatisfied with the then state of the far-right and its inability to challenge the Gaullist French state, De Benoist would instead opt for giving up on the biological racism and conspiracy theories of the far-right and instead favor a more intellectual approach, and in reaction to the radical leftist movement of May 1968 he founded the think tank GRECE (which is the acronym for Groupement pour Recherches et Etudes pour la Civilisation Europeenne, the French translation of Research and Study Group for the European Civilization). Inspired by the theories of Italian Marxist theoretician Antonio Gramsci on cultural hegemony (for which the by-then long deceased Gramsci should not be blamed), De Benoist would advocate for fighting an ideological war to influence mass culture as foundation for political change, a theory called “metapolitics”. GRECE consequently published material rehabilitating fascists such as ideologues of the Conservative Revolution and supporters of National-Bolshevism such as Ernst Niekisch.

De Benoist’s ideological evolution was also marked by a shift towards hostility to Christianity, which in his view had “colonized” Indo-Europeans by force, and support for a revival of pre-Christian European polytheism, which echoed Julius Evola. Accompanying this shift was an increasing anti-Americanism of De Benoist, who hated the “American way of life” and “it’s inane TV serials, chronic mobility, ubiquitous fast food, admiration of the almighty dollar and its quiescent, depoliticized populace”. He opposed free-market capitalism, appropriating left-wing critiques of liberalism by decrying it as an ideology reducing every aspect of human life to purely economic value, thus producing a totalizing consumer society which was inescapably totalitarian.

Paralleling Yockey and Thiriart before him, De Benoist came to consider American imperialism and liberal democracy as more dangerous than Soviet Communism, writing “Better to wear the helmet of a Red Army soldier than to live on a diet of hamburgers in Brooklyn” in 1982 (which would be repeated in 2017 by Richard Spencer, a prominent figure of the American fascist “Alt-Right” movement), supporting Third World struggles while condemning NATO and voting for the Communist Party in the French elections of 1984.

Against accusations from other neo-fascists of having defected to the New Left, De Benoist would just like Thiriart before him claim he was out of the Left-Right spectrum and instead supported “a plural world grounded in the diversity of cultures” against a “one-dimensional world”. This concept, called “ethnopluralism”, meant that De Benoist had gone from a white supremacist to a supporter of separate ethnic and cultural identities and regionalism against what he was as a “homogenizing global market”, putting him at odds with the vision of a pan-European superstate of Thiriart.

This concept of “ethnopluralism” would find its way among wider far-right circles, with Jean-Marie Le Pen re-using it in his xenophobic declarations and neo-fascists adopting it to ‘soften’ their racist rhetoric.

The end of the Cold War signified the end of the Left-Right divide for De Benoist and following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, he would visit Russia in 1992, months before Thiriart’s own delegation, where he would meet many figures of the opposition to Boris Yeltsin and proclaim that politics consisted of anti-system forces against the “establishmentarian center”, effectively advocating for a Left-Right coalition against liberal democracy.

Third Positionist Fascism

Among the movements close to the European New Right is Third Positionism, a strand of fascism which stands in opposition to both capitalism and communism and has its origins in “classical” fascism and in the Strasser brothers.

The Movimento Sociali Italiano’s adoption of an electoral course during the 50s and 60s resulted in the formation of a number of neo-fascist offshoots of the MSI who preferred extra-parliamentary methods and sought to replace parliamentary democracy with a fascist dictatorship.

Terza Posizione

Among these were the Evola-influenced Ordine Nuovo and the Avanguarda Nazionale which would be dissolved by the Italian state in 1973 because they were attempting to revive fascism, which was illegal in Italy’s post-war constitution. Following their dissolution, many of their ex-members along with members of Mutti’s Lotta di Popolo would come together to form Terza Posizione, whose ideology was based on Julius Evola’s work and was one of the “pioneers” of post-war Third Positionist fascism. Following the 1980 Bologna massacre in which a suitcase blew up in a train station in Bologna, Italy, killing 85 people and wounding 200 others, the group would come under investigation as prime suspect behind the attacks and two of its prominent members, Roberto Fiore and Massimo Morsello, fled to the United Kingdom.

The International Third Position

In the UK, Fiore met Nick Griffin and Derek Holland, former members of the far-right National Front who had formed a Third Positionist faction within the NF called the Political Soldier wing, which opposed to the NF’s own electoral politics. In 1986, dissensions within the NF led Griffin and Holland to break away from the NF and form their own organization named the Official National Front (ONF). Unlike the National Front, the ONF supported ethnic regionalism in the UK and praised Ayatollah Khomeini, Muammar Gaddafi and Louis Farrakhan of the Nation of Islam, a position close to that of Otto Ernst Remer’s, and in 1988 Griffin and Holland traveled to Libya on invitation by the Libyan government.

Following a further split in the Official National Front, Griffin, Holland and Fiore would become the founding members of the International Third Position (ITP), and Holland and fellow ITP member Colin Todd visited Iraq shortly before the Gulf War as part of a ITP delegation. Patrick Harrington meanwhile went on to found the National Liberal Party, the party and later think tank Third Way, and Solidarity-The Union for British Workers.

The ITP would itself undergo multiple splits, with Griffin leaving in 1990 and later joining the British National Party (BNP), and later succeeding John Tyndall at the party’s head before being expelled from it in 2014 and founding his own party, the British Unity. Another member, Troy Southgate, left in 1992 to later form in 1998 the “National-Anarchist” National Revolutionary Faction, which again true to Third Positionist habits appropriates left-wing imagery and aesthetics for a reactionary, fascist ideology. “National-Anarchism” cannot be considered a legitimate form of Anarchism since only did it not develop out of any existing Anarchist thought, but Anarchists themselves have been at the forefront of opposition to fascism for many decades.

The Tricolour Flame, Forza Nuova and CasaPound

The Movimento Sociale Italiano would rebrand as a supposedly more moderate conservative party (though it maintains its fascist imagery and does not repudiate the party’s ties to Mussolini’s regime), leading its hardliner fascist faction to form Tricolour Flame, a Third Positionist fascist party.

A pro-Fiore and pro-Morsello faction within Tricolour Flame would grow while they were in “exile” in the UK and later split from Tricolour Flame and became an ultra-Catholic fascist party of its own named Forza Nuova, and when Fiore and Morsello returned to Italy, they were made the leaders of Forza Nuova. Once allied to the Ukrainian far-right Svoboda party, Forza Nuova later shifted to a pro-Russian and pro-Donbass position after the Euromaidan, with one member even going to, ironically, fight against “Kiev fascists”.

A sibling of Forza Nuova is CasaPound, named after fascist and anti-Semite Ezra Pound, which also grew out of Tricolour Flame, and whose members call themselves the “Fascists of the Third Millennium”. CasaPound is virulently xenophobic and anti-immigration, and has been behind many attacks against leftists and refugees in Italy while also adopting the New Right concepts of “ethnopluralism” and of metapolitics, and appropriating leftist methods such as squatting and occupying buildings, criticizing globalization and austerity, supporting workers and running social centers. Among CasaPound’s affiliates is Solidarites-Identites (Sol.ID), an “ethnopluralist” NGO which is active in Syria, Burma, Kosovo, Palestine and South Africa.

Red-Browns in Russia

Russian National Bolshevism

The origins of Russian National Bolshevism differ from interwar German National Bolshevism and have their roots in the Russian Civil War which followed the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the subsequent counter-revolutionary power grab by the Bolshevik Party, when Lenin made concessions to Russian nationalists to stabilize the newly formed Soviet Union and many Tsarist White movement members and defectors from the proto-fascist Black Hundreds switched sides and joined the Bolsheviks.

[Note: Many prominent revolutionaries at that time condemned the counter-revolutionary acts and the authoritarianism of the Bolsheviks, with Emma Goldman becoming disillusioned with the situation in Russia and denouncing the Soviet Union as state capitalist, Otto Rühle saying that the struggle against fascism begins with the struggle against Bolshevism, and Russian Anarchist Voline, who had participated in the Russian and Ukrainian revolutions, labeling the USSR under Stalin as red fascism.]

Among former White movement supporters who joined the Bolsheviks was Nikolai Ustrialov, who saw the Bolshevik Revolution as the way to reestablish Russia as a great power, called for the end of the Russian Civil War and for Russian nationalists to collaborate with the Bolsheviks, which Ustrialov and Russian emigres in Prague published in their publication named Smena Vekh while adopting the “National Bolshevik” name after Ustrialov read Niekisch. The Soviet government subsequently subsidized Smena Vekh, which became influential in the USSR and though Ustrialov himself initially praised Stalin before being executed during his purges, a number of Smenavekhites became influential ideologues in the Soviet establishment.

Following the failure of the Spartacist uprising in Germany and Stalin’s victory in the power struggle which followed Lenin’s death in the Soviet Union, the mixture of nationalism and Marxism-Leninism of the Soviet Union developed into some kind of National Bolshevism as result of the USSR’s adoption of the “Socialism in One Country” policy in 1925, the adoption of which was also partly motivated by the need to reassure Germany that the Soviet Union’s priority was to maintain the Treaty of Rapallo instead of exporting revolution.

The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact

Another period of Red-Brown collaboration followed the crisis resulting from the failure of the Western powers’ appeasement policy towards Hitler when he violated the Munich agreement (from which the Soviet Union had been excluded) by annexing Czechoslovakia, leading Stalin to openly negotiate a potential alliance against Hitler with Britain and France, while also secretly negotiating with Germany. To the shock of Western powers and Communists around the world, in August of that year the German-Soviet Credit Agreement and the infamous Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact were signed, followed by about five hundred German Communists who had previously sought exile in the Soviet Union being deported by Stalin back to Germany. These treaties were accompanied by secret protocols dividing Eastern Europe into Soviet and Nazi spheres of influence, and the next month the Nazis and the Soviets invaded Poland, with the Soviet and Nazi troops holding joint parades at Brest-Litovsk and Lvov. After this the USSR and Germany held further talks which resulted in another treaty whereby the Nazis ceded Lithuania to the Soviets in exchange for Stalin recognizing Hitler’s occupation of Warsaw and Lublin, and which included protocols concerning a population transfer between Germany and the Soviet Union as well as sharing of intelligence to repress Polish resistance to the occupation. More talks in Moscow concerned the expansion of economic and political cooperation between the Nazis and the Soviets, which Molotov and Ribbentrop openly declared would be a “solid foundation for peace in Eastern Europe”.

[Note: When Jean-Francois Thiriart came out of retirement in the 80s, he praised the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and declared that it made the Soviet Union the geopolitical heir of Nazi Germany.]

When Britain and France declared war on Germany in reaction the invasion of Poland, the Comintern instead suspended all anti-fascist activity and forced Communist parties to condemn the war as imperialist and oppose war credits, causing the collapse of the anti-fascist Popular Fronts. The Soviet Union and Nazi Germany signed another economic agreement in 1940 whereby the USSR sold raw material to the Nazis, who would provide the USSR with war equipment, helping Germany circumvent the sanctions imposed by Britain, and unresolved talks about the possibility of the USSR joining the Axis ensued. The agreement ended only when Hitler violated the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, prompting the USSR to enter the war on the side of the Allies, during which Stalin used nationalist rhetoric about fighting the “Great Patriotic War” to mobilize the Red Army.

This nationalist policy was continued by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union throughout the ensuing Cold War, where it made use of both Russian nationalism and Marxism-Leninism for mobilization, and the nationalist factions of the Soviet establishment tolerated and supported National Bolshevism, especially through the Communist Youth League and the Red Army.

Post-Soviet Fascism

With the catastrophic collapse of the Soviet Union and the whole Eastern bloc, numerous fascist and ultra-nationalist movements emerged and took advantage of the rise in poverty, decrease in standards of living and corruption resulting from the massive privatization of Boris Yeltsin’s made in USA disastrous “shock therapy” to strengthen their positions. As part of the backlash against Yeltsin, Aleksandr Barkashov, a former member of Pamyat (an anti-Semitic organization which blames a “Zionist Masonic plot” for the Russian Revolution and for all of Russia’s ills) and the founder and leader of neo-Nazi group Russian National Unity, allied with former KGB officer Aleksandr Stergilov (himself an open anti-Semite), to form the Russian National Assembly (RONS), which wanted to remove Yeltsin through constitutional means and advocated the unification of all Slavs from the former USSR and of which many members were active duty intelligence officers, Stergilov explaining that the security organs “were always composed of patriotically-minded people”.

This process of unification of the opposition to Yeltsin culminated with the formation of the National Salvation Front, the alliance of the most hardline of Yeltsin’s opponents composed of fascists, Russian ultra-nationalists, Tsarist monarchists and Stalinists, which coalesced out of resentment at Russia’s downfall from a major world power to a weak state plagued by instability and crises, and had close ties to a parliamentary bloc called “Russian Unity”. The co-chairman of the National Salvation Front was Aleksandr Prokhanov, who was also the editor in chief of Dyen, the mouthpiece of the National Salvation Front, which published the vilest anti-Semitism such as excerpts of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion and expressed support for Western neo-Nazis. Also involved in the National Salvation Front were Aleksandr Dugin, who was published in and helped edit Dyen, and Eduard Limonov, a former Russian exile who had been part of punk and leftist circles in the US, met Alain de Benoist in Paris, and participated in the Yugoslav war on the side of Radovan Karadzic before returning to Russia and joining the red-brown opposition to Yeltsin. Limonov was conscious that overt fascism had no means of succeeding in Russia because of the legacy of the Soviet Union’s participation in the Second World War and therefore he decided to attempt introducing it there through covert ways, and he and Dugin instead formed the National Bolshevik Front, which was itself part of the National Salvation Front and occupied a prominent position in the Russian counter culture. Another prominent member of the National Salvation Front was Gennady Zyuganov, who had previously taken part in discussions with Alain de Benoist and Jean-Francois Thiriart during their visit to Russia in 1991 and later founded the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (KPRF), which despite its name is an ultra-nationalist and reactionary organization which opposes “cosmopolitanism”, claims “Zionists” are plotting to take over the world, called for banning Jewish organizations in Russia together with fascist party Rodina in 2005, and whose member Albert Makashov is an outspoken and virulent anti-Semite (a red-brown trend which is very common among many Stalinist parties of states which were once part of the former Soviet bloc).

[Note: When Otto Ernst Remer returned to Germany in the 1980s, one of his followers was Bela Ewald Althans, a former collaborator of neo-Nazi Michael Kühnen with whom he was a leader of the Action Front of National Socialists before it was banned by the German government in 1983. After his expulsion from high school and being disowned by his parents, teenage fascist Althans became a follower of Remer, who introduced him to important members of the fascist underground, and became leader of Remer’s Freedom Movement, whose aim was the signing of a second Rapallo agreement.

In 1988, Althans traveled to the United States and stayed with former Ku Klux Klan grand dragon Tom Metzger, and in 1992 and 1993 he visited Russia on “fact-finding missions” sponsored by Holocaust denier and Hitler apologist Ernest Zundel, where he met Aleksandr Barkashov, who supported an alliance with Germany, unlike Limonov. Zundel enthusiastically declared that Russia would be the center of a future neo-Nazi movement, and visited Russia again in 1994 with Althans, where the former bought a gold embossed edition of Mein Kampf in Moscow and met with Barkashov’s Russian National Unity and opponents of Yeltsin like Stergilov, with whom Zundel claimed to have “talked of pan-Slavism in a new racialist form”, leading Zundel to declare Russians as “the racial guards on the eastern frontier” who were, according to him, “protecting Europe from Muslims and Chinese people”. In December of that same year, however, Althans was condemned to eighteen months in prison for distributing Holocaust denial videos, and in 1995 a three-and-a-half year sentence was added to his term while he claimed to no longer be a neo-Nazi in court. After his release, Althans dissociated himself from any far-right activity and disappeared from public life.]

Following Yeltsin’s decision to dissolve the Russian parliament in 1993, the National Salvation Front attempted to form a shadow government and wrestle power from him during the following crisis, resulting in a showdown opposing Yeltsin to a red-brown alliance which included the National Salvation Front and Aleksandr Barkashov’s neo-Nazis in front of the Russian White House, and after Yeltsin sent the tanks to storm the Russian White House, a large number of his red-brown opponents were killed or wounded and many opposition leaders were thrown in jail, Dyen was banned along with many opposition newspapers and, with Western cheerleading, Yeltsin consolidated his increasingly dictatorial power through a constitutional reform drastically increasing the President’s powers before decreeing new elections. The winners of these elections, however, included the the KPRF, which won 32 seats in the State Duma, and the misleadingly-named far-right Liberal Democratic Party of Russia of hardline far-right nationalist Vladimir Zhirinovsky (who had been close to Eduard Limonov around that time, Limonov having toured him around Paris in 1992, where he introduced Zhirinovsky to Jean-Marie Le Pen, who subsequently endorsed Zhirinovsky’s presidential bid), which won 59 seats, as result of the anti-Yeltsin protest vote. In February 1994, this Duma dominated by Yelstin’s opponents granted amnesty to Yeltsin’s imprisoned enemies, with Dyen reappearing under the name of Zavtra, Barkashov maching freely in Moscow and Limonov starting his own newspaper, Limonka.

Faced with economic and social deterioration in Russia, Yelstin took an increasingly racist populist turn and started targeting ethnic minorities in Russia in the mid-1990s and in 1994 invaded Chechnya. At this point the National Salvation Front began to disaggregate, prominent National Salvation Front members criticizing the war while Zhirinovsky, Limonov and Barkashov instead supported Yeltsin’s policies and the bloodbath unleashed in Chechnya, with Limonov leaving the Front and lambasting its members opposed to the war as “moderates”. Around this time Limonov broke with Zhirinovsky, who went on to throw his support behind Yeltsin in 1998. Limonov criticized Barkashov’s open Nazism and called it counterproductive since the memory of the Nazis’ atrocities and the legacy of the massive loss of lives of the Soviet people during the struggle against fascism in WWII meant that fascism and Nazism were rejected in Russia and, in his view, the only way for fascism to be introduced there was in more discreet forms. After Barkashov’s rebranding as a “serious politician” in 1995 to distance himself from the Nazi label, Limonov’s National Bolshevik Front continued collaborating with Barkashov’s Russian National Unity, which by 1998 had expanded into 64 of Russia’s 89 regions, running military camps indoctrinating youth into fascist ideology while local and regional authorities were lenient and even collaborated with Barkashov, the situation of Russia at that time being compared by Martin A. Lee to that of the Weimar Republic – a situation which helped the rise of Vladimir Putin, the former KGB official turned right-wing authoritarian whose popularity was boosted by his bloody and brutal handling of the war in Chechnya and was appointed by Yeltsin as acting president. Around that time the National Bolshevik Party experienced a split and in the spring of 1998 Limonov parted ways with his associate Aleksandr Dugin. Limonov went on to ally with liberal Garry Kasparov’s United Civil Front and join the opposition to Vladimir Putin in the 2000s. The National Bolshevik Party was among the organizers [archive] of the anti-Putin protests known as the Dissenters’ March and Limonov later became one of the leaders of The Other Russia opposition coalition together with Kasparov.

Aleksandr Dugin

Aleksandr Dugin was born in the Soviet Union in 1962 and joined the Moscow Aviation Institute in 1979 before being expelled from it because of his associations with the esotericist Golovin Circle led by fascist mystic Yevgeny Golovin, for which he translated Julius Evola’s works. Following the Demokratizatsiya under Mikhail Gorbachev, Dugin joined Pamyat and became a member of its Central Council in 1988 before Barkashov, who saw him as an ideological rival, had Dugin expelled from it in 1989 for attempting to introduce new ideas to the organization, after which he traveled to Western Europe where he met Alain de Benoist and Jean-Francois Thiriart, who strongly influenced his anti-Americanism and his support for Russian traditionalism. This proximity of Dugin to the European New Right explains why the ideology of the National Bolshevik Front he later founded was closer to Niekisch’s National Bolshevism than to that of the Smenavekhites.

Dugin then returned to Russia and founded Arktogaia, which published material expressing support for a conservative social revolution in Russia which would lead to the creation of a traditionalist, authoritarian and spiritual society. Around this time, Dugin proposed to Limonov (who was also regularly published on Matt Taibbi’s and Mark Ames’ The eXile in the later part of that decade) to form the National Bolshevik Front, which was materialized in 1993. The purpose of the National Bolshevik Front was to use a National Bolshevik reinterpretation of Russian history reconciling its monarchist and Communist periods to help the formation of anti-liberal coalitions at a time when the red-brown alliance was struggling against Yeltsin, and Dyen itself was associated with Arktogaia during this period (Gennady Zyuganov declaring that Russians were “the last power on the planet capable of mounting a challenge to the New World Order – the global cosmopolitan dictatorship” was clear evidence he was influenced by Dugin). It was also at that time that Dugin started publishing his own journal, Elementy with the primary aim of propagating a “revolutionary nationalist” ideology to radicalize the red-brown alliance and reconcile its fascist and Stalinist sections, and which praised figures of the Conservative Revolution and members of the Nazi regime, and published the first Russian translations of Julius Evola. This attempt to radicalize the red-brown alliance was exemplified in an essay by him written in 1992 and titled Fascism – Red and Borderless, where he tried to link Russia to European fascism by evoking the “left wing” of German fascism which supported an alliance with the Soviet Union and was eliminated by Hitler and tried blaming the Second World War on the West rather than on fascism.

In 1997, Dugin wrote The Foundations of Geopolitics as a lecturer at the Academy of the General Staff with the help of Leonid Ivashov, a Russian colonel and former Soviet military officer who was the head of the International Department of the Russian Ministry of Defense from 1996 to 2001. The Foundation of Geopolitics became the basis for Russia’s own school of geopolitics and was instrumental in establishing the acceptance of geopolitics in Russia after it had been considered a fascist discipline under the Soviet Union. Dugin however left the National Bolshevik Party in 1998 after being dissatisfied with it and sought to increase his contacts, writing the program of the KPRF, and becoming advisor to KPRF member and the Speaker of the Russian State Duma Gennady Seleznyov (which was crucial in helping Dugin’s rise from the fringe circles of Russia’s fascist scene to the Russian Federation’s establishment), while also praising figures of the NSDAP and Nazi Germany such as the Strasser brothers especially, and calling for a “fascist fascism”. As from 1998, Dugin also re-articulated his anti-Semitism by declaring those he deemed “subversive, destructive Jews without a nationality” as enemies while being supportive of Zionism and forming ties with Israeli ultra-nationalist groups who believe every Jewish person should live in Israel, which aligns with the ideology of “ethnopluralism” espoused by Dugin and the European New Right, but also with Dugin’s hope that these ultra-nationalists would destabilize the region and allow Russia to dominate the Israeli-Palestinian peace process.

Dugin’s call for a “red and unbound fascism” means he adapted his ideology and turned it into what Roger Griffin and Matthew Feldman describe as “an aggressively open system“, integrating elements from across the political spectrum to fight its total enemy, that is liberalism represented by the United States. For this purpose, he combined his National Bolshevism to Eurasianism, an ideology developed by White émigrés who saw the Russian Empire as a “natural” necessity and considered the October Revolution to be a “conservative revolution” that preserved imperial continuity and national individuality of Russia and saved it from a period of Westernization and Europeanization started by Peter the Great. The result of this synthesis was a “Neo-Eurasianist” ideology whose worldview is one where a “Sea Power” centered around the United States and the United Kingdom form an “Atlanticist New World Order” which “dilutes national and cultural diversity” through globalization and is engaged in an eternal confrontation against a “Land Power” centered around a Russian-oriented “Eurasian New Order” which resists globalization. In Dugin’s view, the collapse of the Soviet Union brought about a “Unipolar World” dominated by the globalized, liberal West, and in reaction to this he advocates for [archive] the formation of a “Multipolar World” by creating an “Eurasian empire” with a hierarchical, “ethnopluralist”, patriarchal and traditionalist society, with himself as the heir of an alleged “Eurasian Order” which he claims had supposedly existed secretly for centuries. This shows how Dugin has adapted his ideology with time while its core remained the same throughout the years: in the early 90s, Dugin had claimed that representatives of this “Eurasian Order” had been present in the Abwehr, the Nazi regime’s military intelligence, and in the Sicherheitsdienst, the intelligence service of the SS (Dugin had called Reinhard Heydrich, the chief of the Sicherheitsdienst and one of the main architects of the Holocaust, a “convinced Eurasianist”, and claimed that Heydrich had been the victim of an “Atlanticist” plot), and labeled the KGB as an “Atlanticist” agent while calling the Waffen-SS and more specifically its division in charge of research the history of the “Aryan race”, the Ahnenerbe, “an intellectual oasis in the framework of the National Socialist regime”.

Another example of this adaptation is that since the early 2000s, he started distancing himself from the term “fascism” and adopted the labels of “Conservative Revolution”, “National Bolshevism” and “New Socialism” while instead claiming to be an anti-fascist and accusing his opponents of being Nazis and fascists, though Dugin never changed the core of his ideology and is still effectively a fascist. This also accompanied itself with attempts by Dugin to infiltrate the Western Left through an anti-Western but pro-Russian conception of “anti-imperialism”, as Eric Draitser, himself a left-wing journalist and former victim of Dugin’s manipulation recounts on CounterPunch, and also through direct collaboration, such as with members of Greek left-wing coalition Syriza in 2013. In 2001, he formed the Eurasia Movement and the Eurasia Party and in 2005 he formed the Eurasian Youth Union, and after he left the Rodina bloc in 2003 [archive] he has chosen a metapolitical strategy to realize his fascist goal. While Dugin’s influence in Russia is exaggerated, such as when he is called “Putin’s Rasputin”, he nevertheless is influential within sections of the Russian establishment (the head of United Russia’s ideological directorate and deputy culture minister in charge of the film industry, Ivan Demidov, is an Eurasianist close to Dugin) and military and used to be the head of the Department of Sociology of Internal Relations at the Moscow State University until thousands petitioned for him to be fired after he made calls to mass murder Ukrainians in 2014. Dugin has been hosted [archive] and promoted [archive] by Russian state television RT, formerly known as Russia Today, which now tries to downplay Dugin’s influence and distance itself from him. However Duginists like Mark Sleboda, Manuel Ochsenreiter and Tiberio Graziani are regularly hosted as experts on Russian state-owned international media, especially Sputnik International (formerly RIA Novosti and The Voice of Russia), the radio broadcaster owned by the Russian state.

Influence on Western Fascists

The European New Right and Third Positionists became more influential following the collapse of the Soviet Union, which meant the loss of the Communist bogeyman against which the majority of Western fascists had agitated throughout the Cold War, and the neoliberal counterrevolution started under Reagan and Thatcher in the 1980s accompanied by globalization meant that the new bogeyman for fascists was “globalism“, an anti-Semitic conspiracy theory whereby a tiny secret elite was working to undermine national sovereignty to form a “One World Government” and uses immigration for these ends. A common fixation of these conspiracy theories is philanthropist billionaire George Soros, who is regularly blamed for being behind every sort of social movement. In Europe, the far-right rebranded itself by co-opting leftist causes such as LGBT rights and secularism and anti-establishment politics abandoned by the old left-wing parties which caved in to “Third Way” politics and using them for their own reactionary cause, and went from opposing Communism and supporting the United States to opposing the United States and what their anti-Semitic conspiracy theories call the “Zionist lobby” and instead rallying around the Russian state, especially after the rise to power of Vladimir Putin and his brand of authoritarian right-wing politics.

This influence of the New Right’s ideas among the larger fascist movement has also resulted in its integration within larger fascist networks spanning around the world. For example, one of Dugin’s disciples, Nina Kouprianova, is married to white nationalist leader Richard Spencer. Kouprianova has translated Dugin’s works which were published by Spencer’s publishing house, the Washington Summit Publishers. Spencer himself, before he came to the public eye, has been hosted on RT regularly as commentator concerning [archive] Libya [archive], Syria [archive], US foreign policy [archive], Vladimir Putin [archive] and was allowed to promote his white nationalism under the guise of discussing racist police violence [archive], discussing the Black Lives Matter movement [archive], discussing national security [archive]. More recently, Aleksandr Dugin has also been platformed on Infowars [archive], run by far-right conspiracy theorist Alex Jones. Alex [archive] Jones [archive] himself has been hosted by RT as a long [archive] time [archive] “expert” [archive] since the days when he used to host [archive] Lyndon [archive] LaRouche [archive].

The LaRouche Movement

The LaRouchite Cult And Its Ideology

While Lyndon LaRouche and his movement are easily dismissed as being a ludicrous group of weird conspiracy theorists and cranks, researchers Chip Berlet, Matthew Lyons and Matthew Feldman say this outward image acts as a smokescreen for the real nature of this organization: a violent fascistic cult which is an inciter of hate against Jewish and British people as well as presently the prime worldwide distributor of coded anti-Jewish literature based on the anti-Semitic forgery the Protocols of the Elders of Zion.

The LaRouche Movement itself functions as a totalitarian cult with the aim of promoting Lyndon LaRouche, who exerts a dictatorial control over the whole movement, and is organized into a corporatist structure which is itself complemented by an intelligence division as well as multiple defunct and still-existent front groups and numerous publications.

The ideology of the LaRouche movement itself views the world as dominated by “an Anglo-Jewish oligarchy which is behind a conspiracy to weaken Western society through international banking, drug trafficking and Zionists, with the British being behind a plot to balkanize the US and the Queen as responsible for drug trafficking”. Their view of history is that one of an eternal war opposing good “Platonists” to evil “Aristotelians” according to which “good humanists” have been in a conflict for millennia against an “evil oligarchy” based initially in Babylon, then Venice and presently Britain’s House of Windsor, being effectively a form of anti-Semitic conspiracy theory, and they often target Jewish people in positions of power, such as Kenry Kissinger and the Rothschild family, as members of this alleged conspiracy. LaRouche’s answer to this supposed conspiracy lies in a “humanist” dictatorship who would rule on behalf of industrial capitalists, with Lyndon LaRouche himself of course at its head. The core of LaRouche’s ideology can be described as a coded form of Illuminati, Freemason and “Jewish banker” conspiracy theories which are internally consistent despite being their outlandish appearance.

The organization’s methods of mass recruitment involve psychological manipulation by convincing its victims the whole world is a police-controlled environment perpetually feeding them misinformation, the result of which being a global collapse happening for which they are held responsible unless they submit fully to LaRouche, who will “teach them how to think”, and to his ideology which proclaims Lyndon LaRouche as the savior who will fix all this wrong. New members are made to undergo what amounts to psychological torture to erase their past and turn them into “new individuals” with new personalities subservient to the cult and younger members are forced into what amounts into indentured labor to raise funds. A Security Division is also present, responsible for supposedly protecting LaRouche and keeping dissident members in line, investigating members who appear disillusioned and making it difficult for anyone asking questions to to leave the organization.

The History of LaRouche

Lyndon LaRouche served as a non-combatant in the US army in the Second World War, after which he was briefly close to the Communist Party USA before joining the Trotskyist Socialist Workers Party (SWP) in 1949. Within the SWP, LaRouche was part of a faction called the Revolutionary Tendency which was later expelled by the SWP in late 1963 and early 1964, following which he shortly joined the Spartacist League before founding the National Caucus for Labor Committees (NCLC) with the aim of gaining control of the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) until the SDS expelled the NCLC in 1969.

Following this, the group expanded its activities, gaining adherents in Europe, and with its members becoming fanatically devoted to the group and its leader, and LaRouche himself adopting what Chip Berlet describes as “the same ideas and styles which took National Socialism and turned it into part of the European fascist movement”, and in 1973 the NCLC was responsible for a series of physical assaults called “Operation Mop-Up” on leftists in the United States including the CPUSA, SWP, the Progressive Labor Party and Black Power activists in an attempt to either gain political hegemony on the American left or destroy it, with the NCLC being compared to Hitler’s Brownshirts by US Communists. The NCLC from then on also adopted virulent sexism and homophobia in its theories while becoming more and more of a totalitarian cult-like group fully subordinate to LaRouche himself and adopting brainwashing techniques typically found in cults.

This same year LaRouche founded the US Labor Party (USLP) as a political wing of the NCLC and the next year first began to contact far-right groups while also devolving into conspiracy theories about a supposed global conspiracy by the Rockefellers. In 1976, during LaRouche’s first presidential campaign, he attempted to infiltrate far-right groups such as the American Conservative Union, the John Birch Society, the Young Americans for Freedom and the Ku Klux Klan while also forging links with Republican Party state organizations during the same decade. With the help of KKK grand dragon and American Nazi Party member Roy Frankhauser and former CIA officer Mitchell WerBell, with whom LaRouche arranged to provide the NCLC security force with armed training, he gained access to wider right-wing circles which included spies, mercenaries and intelligence operatives, and Frankhouser would later support LaRouche during his trial in the late 80s. LaRouche would start working through front groups such as the Schiller Institute (which was founded by Lyndon LaRouche’s wife Helga Zepp-LaRouche [archive]), Food for Peace and publications like Executive Intelligence Review, New Solidarity (later The New Federalist).

Around the time of the death of Nelson Rockefeller, LaRouche came under the influence of the Liberty Lobby of Willis Carto, himself a prominent Holocaust denier, admirer of Hitler and disciple of Francis Yockey. As he did in 1976, LaRouche again shifted, this time from conspiracy theories about Rockefeller to conspiracy theories of obvious anti-Semitic nature about a supposed worldwide conspiracy under the control of the “British Oligarchy”, with the Queen of England as their lackey. By the end of that same year, LaRouche had moved fully to the far-right, with his newspaper New Solidarity becoming more and more anti-Semitic and full of anti-Jewish conspiracy theories about international bankers, influential Jewish families, the KGB and secret societies.

As researcher Dennis King records, LaRouche’s attitude towards the Soviet Union changed around this time, going from praising Leonid Brezhnev to demonizing Moscow and calling it the “Third Rome” and a center of the Russian Orthodox Church, which he believed was controlled by the “British oligarchs”. LaRouche called Mikhail Gorbachev the Anti-Christ when he took power.

LaRouche’s activities in the 70s also included harassment campaigns against the United Auto Workers and the United Steelworkers of America, and he started collecting and disseminating intelligence on progressive groups at this point, selling them to US as well as foreign intelligence agencies so that, by the 1980s, LaRouche had already developed an extensive and sophisticated telecommunications network through which political and economic intelligence was collected and then re-shared. LaRouche worked with several states’ intelligence, police and militaries, among whom the Shah of Iran for whom they investigated student dissidents and gave reports to the SAVAK, Filipino dictator Ferdinand Marcos, Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega, the South African apartheid regime for which they prepared reports on anti-apartheid groups, the Argentine Junta, the US Reagan administration until the mid-80s and with the KGB between 1974 to about 1983, the LaRouchites themselves claiming they acted as an open channel between the CIA and the KGB while also taking responsibility for Reagan’s “Star Wars” missile defense program.

In many cases, LaRouche would defend the dictators with whom he worked through distortions such as by claiming Manuel Noriega was overthrown by the US because he resisted the US government’s cocaine trade [archive] even though Noriega had himself been a CIA collaborator involved with cocaine trade, and painting the brutal dictator Ferdinand Marcos as a sympathetic figure and denying his abuses [archive].

True to its virulent homophobia, the LaRouche Organization would in 1986 also sponsor Proposition 64, also known as the “LaRouche Initiative” in the US state of California, which would require any HIV positive individuals to be reported to state authorities and barred from schools and jobs in restaurants and possibly be quarantined. The proposition was defeated twice.

In the mid-80s however, following LaRouche candidates winning the Democratic primary in Illinois in 1986 (leading Democratic Party senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan to condemn his party for ignoring its infiltration by LaRouche) and subsequent investigations into LaRouche’s illegal fundraising bringing the organization to public light, the ties between the Reagan administration and LaRouche were severed. Many LaRouche Movement organizations were seized by the US government and LaRouche himself was imprisoned for fraud and conspiracy from 1989 to 1990, being defended by the former US Attorney General Ramsey Clark, about whom I wrote more further below in this post.

With the loss of their US government connections, LaRouche instead moved to seek ties with other states’ political elites, and the collapse of the Soviet Union meant that LaRouche became interested in the Russian Federation, with the Schiller Institute for Science and Culture, a branch of the LaRouche organ the Schiller Institute, being established in Moscow in 1992. LaRouche himself would repeatedly visit Russia throughout the 90s while additionally trying to influence Russian economic policy-making, with the Schiller Institute presenting a LaRouche memorandum to the State Duma in 1995, and LaRouche himself presenting his own report to the Russian parliament that same year [archive], with his conspiracist economic theories being well-received by groups such as the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (KPRF), the Liberal-Democratic Party of Russia as well as other ultra-nationalists.

In Russia itself, LaRouche’s position is that of absolute praise and support for Vladimir Putin [archive] and his administration along with nostalgia for the Soviet Union. LaRouche’s support for Putin is driven both by Putin foreign policy hostile to the European Union and the United States as well as LaRouche and Putin having similar positions on internal policy, both promoting reactionary ideas such as an authoritarian state, the primacy of traditional culture and religion as well as infrastructure projects.

At the same time as his rapprochement with the Russian establishment, LaRouche moved from biological to cultural racism, and started shifting towards more ostensibly left-wing positions in the 90s, organizing anti-war demonstrations and rallies and attempting to insert themselves in anti-war coalitions during the Gulf War, attempting to form coalitions with and control African-American civil rights groups since the 70s, opposing the death penalty, praising the Israeli-Palestinian peace process, supporting social programs against the Republican Party’s budget cuts, criticizing neoconservatives and organizing anti-war conferences in the prelude to the imperialist invasion of Iraq by George W. Bush. It was in this context that, in 2003, a British student in Paris named Jeremiah Duggan found himself in one such rally believing it to be a legitimate anti-war event at the Schiller Institute which however turned out to be a recruitment session for LaRouche’s network. After Jeremiah stood up to the anti-Semitic conspiracism during the event and announced he was Jewish, his body was found hours later on a roadside, having died in a state of terror. Jeremiah’s mother received two interrupted phone calls shortly before his death where Jeremiah cried out loud that he feared for his safety. German authorities however hastily ruled it as a suicide and closed the case within three months without having recorded any formal witnesses, and the coroner who later ruled his death was not a suicide however refused to accept evidence that Jeremiah had been killed.

LaRouche has been a “pioneer” of presenting fascism through a facade of progressivism, and already in 1981, the Liberty Lobby was defending LaRouche by declaring that “No group has done so much to confuse, disorient, and disunify the Left as they have… the USLP should be encouraged, as should all similar breakaway groups from the Left, for this is the only way that the Left can be weakened and broken”. This is evident in how, more recently, LaRouche was one of the many far-right groups who attempted to infiltrate the Occupy Wall Street movement and were rejected by it. RT has also hosted LaRouche and his movement many times, promoting him as a misunderstood civil rights leader [archive], as “expert” on the Egyptian Revolution [archive], and to speak about the New Silk Road project [archive].

The Proximity Between LaRouche And The New Right

The above mentioned positions of LaRouche and his cult, such as a Manichean view of history as a perennial war (“Platonists” opposed to “Aristotelians” for LaRouche, and a “Land Power” opposed to a “Sea Power” for Dugin), cultural racism, and geopolitical support for Russia as the key to humanity’s salvation coupled with opposition to the US and UK, are something they share with other groups such as Aleksandr Dugin and his neo-Eurasianists as well other New Right groups and “red-brown” organizations such as the KPRF, hence leading to increased indirect contacts between these various reactionary groups. LaRouche and Dugin being very different from each other in that the former has a vision wrapped under a rhetoric of science and rationalism while the latter’s is based on Russian revival steeped in mysticism however prevent any substantial alliance between them.

The result is that LaRouche and Dugin share many common allies, which Matthew Lyons suggests might be open channels for sharing ideas between these two movements.

Sergey Glazyev

An interesting ally of both LaRouche and Dugin is Sergey Glazyev, who was Minister of External Economic Relations under the Yeltsin administration before resigning in protest over Yeltsin’s decision to dissolve the State Duma which led to the failed coup attempt of 1993. Glazyev was elected to the State Duma in 1994 and became chairman of the parliamentary Economic Affairs Committee, forming ties with LaRouche around this time and being praised by LaRouche “as a leading economist in opposition to Boris Yeltsin’s regime”. Glazyev’s interviews and writings were published on the LaRouchite publication Executive Intelligence Review, which also published [archive] the English translation of a conspiracist book by Glazyev. In 2001, LaRouche himself spoke [archive] a State Duma hearing on the Russian economy at the initiative of Glazyev, then chairman of the Duma Committee on Economic Policy and Entrepreneurship, who headed the hearing. In 2012, Sergey Glazyev was appointed by Putin as presidential aide to coordinate the work of federal agencies in developing the Customs Union between Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan, a project which both LaRouche and Dugin happen to support.

Glazyev happens to be close to Aleksandr Dugin as well, though described as not an Eurasianist by the Duginists themselves, and assisted to the foundation of Dugin’s Eurasia Party in 2002 [archive] while Dugin was himself temporarily a member of Glazyev’s Rodina bloc in 2003. Glazyev and Dugin are both members of the Izborsky Club, a far-right-think tank founded and headed by Aleksandr Prokhanov [archive] which glorifies both the Tsar Peter the Great and Josef Stalin, and Sergey Glazyev also happens to be on the Supervisory Board of the far-right think tank Katehon [archive], as was Aleksandr Dugin until early 2017. The name Katehon appears to be a reference to the katechon, the Biblical restrainer of the Anti-Christ, which Zurab Chavchavadze, who is on its Supervisory Board [archive], believes was the role of Tsarist Russia due to its position as a “worldwide bastion of Christianity” [archive]. Another member of its Supervisory Board is Andrey Klimov, who is a member of Vladimir Putin’s United Russia party and was a member of its General Council until 2016.

Novorossiya and Crimea

Konstantin Malofeyev

The president of Katehon is Konstantin Malofeyev, a Russian businessman who who aspires to revive the Russian monarchy. In May 2013, Malofeyev attended the 7th conference [archive] of the Christian Right, anti-LGBT, anti-abortion World Congress of Families, on whose board is Aleksey Komov [archive], the head of international projects of the Saint Basil the Great Foundation [archive], the “charitable foundation” of Malofeyev [archive]. Malofeyev’s position at the World Congress of Families was to present the Christian conservatism of the West in the 1980s in favorable terms compared to the state atheism of the Soviet Union, before contrasting it to the situation in 2010, where he claimed that religious freedom was “under attack” in the West and evoked all the tropes one might hear on Fox News such as the “War on Christmas”, the “LGBT agenda” and “political correctness”. To this, he contrasted the situation in Russia, where the Church has been experiencing a revival, religion is taught in schools and homophobic laws have been on the rise, and Malofeyev promised [archive] that “Christian Russia can help liberate the West from the new liberal anti-Christian totalitarianism of political correctness, gender ideology, mass-media censorship and neo-marxist dogma”.

[Note: The members of the board of the Saint Basil the Great Foundation [archive] include Zurab Chavchavadze, and the Bishop Tikhon Shevkunov, a member of the Izborsky Club [archive] and of the Supreme Council of the Russian Orthodox Church [archive], with influential ties to the state and rumored to be the personal confessor of Vladimir Putin.]

[Note: A partner of the World Congress of Families is the Sanctity of Motherhood Program, an anti-abortion organization headed by Natalia Yakunina [archive], the wife of Vladimir Yakunin, who was the director of Russian Railways until 2015. In 2017, the World Congress of Families sponsored [archive] the Rhodes Forum 2017 [archive] of Yakunin’s foundation, the World Public Forum Dialogue of Civilizations [archive] (WPFDC). In September 2014, two of Vladimir Yakunin’s organizations which also both have Natalia Yakunina as vice president, the Center of National Glory and the Foundation of Saint Andrew the First-Called [archive], organized the “Large Family and Future of Humanity” international forum [archive] with the support of Malofeyev’s Saint Basil the Great Foundation. The conference, held at the State Kremlin Palace and animated by Yakunina, was intended to be the 8th conference of the World Congress of Families until it was forced to suspend its participation following the crisis in Ukraine [archive]. On what appears to be the conference’s Facebook page, is a now dead link [archive] (but relayed by the Christian News Wire [archive]) to a post on the website of World Congress of Families’ Russian section about a meeting by the International Planning Committee of the conference whose members included Malofeyev, Yakunin, Yakunina, and Jack Hanick, a former Fox News employee Jack Hanick, a devout Roman Catholic turned Russian Orthodox Christian [archive] who believes “God called on Russia” to fight the LGBT rights movement.]

A month later, after the adoption of the law against “gay propaganda” and “offending religious feelings” in Russia, a delegation of French anti-gay activists, joined by [archive] the National Organization for Marriage’s president Brian Brown, spoke to the State Duma [archive] on the 13th of June 2013 on the invitation of the Duma’s Committee on Family, Women and Children, whose chairperson Elena Mizulina was then a State Duma MP for the A Just Russia party. Mizulina, who had previously called abortion a “national threat”, compared surrogate parenthood to nuclear weapons, and was the author of the homophobic law, had participated [archive] in anti-LGBT roundtable talks together with French anti-LGBT activists in early June in Paris hosted by the Institute of Democracy and Cooperation, itself headed by far-right Russian politician and former State Duma MP for the fascist Rodina party, Natalia Narochnitskaya [archive]. The delegation included:

  • Aymeric Chauprade, then an advisor to Marine Le Pen and member of the French National Front before leaving it in 2015. Chauprade had participated in the “Large Family and Future of Humanity” conference in 2014
  • Fabrice Sorlin, president of Dies Irae [archive], a traditionalist Roman Catholic and far-right nationalist organization named for a hymn about the Last Judgement. Sorlin led the delegation
  • François Légrier, a former National Front candidate for the legislative elections and president [archive] of the Catholic Movement of Families
  • Odile Téqui
  • Hugues Revel, who leads the far-right Catholiques en Campagne [archive]

The same day, Malofeyev’s charity co-organized a roundtable discussion at the Kremlin [archive] together with the State Duma commitee on family, women and children, and on “Traditional Values: The Future of the European Peoples”, which was attended by [archive] Malofeyev, the French delegation, Sergey Gavrilov of the KPRF and Elena Mizulina.

In 2014, Malofeyev, as well as the leaders of the far-right party Rodina (which I talk of later), Dmitry Rogozin and Aleksandr Babakov, were in instrumental in helping Jean-Marie le Pen and the French National Front obtaining massive loans after Chauprade had introduced Le Pen to Malofeyev. That same year, Malofeyev organized an anti-LGBT conference in Vienna where the participants included:

  • Konstantin Malofeyev himself
  • Aleksandr Dugin
  • Ilya Glazunov, a far-right Russian nationalist painter
  • Marion-Marechal Le Pen from the French National Front
  • Aymeric Chauprade
  • Prince Sixtus Henry of Bourbon-Parma, the head of the Spanish Carlist monarchist movement
  • Serge de Pahlen, the husband of the Fiat fortune heiress Margherita Agnelli de Pahlen
  • Heinz-Christian Strache, the chairman of the far-right Austria Freedom Party (FPÖ), which signed a cooperation treaty with Vladimir Putin’s United Russia party in 2016
  • Johann Gudenus of the FPÖ
  • Johann Herzog of the FPÖ
  • Volen Siderov, the leader of far-right Bulgarian party Ataka
  • Croatian far-right groups
  • Georgian nobles
  • Russian nobles
  • a Catholic priest

Malofeyev is also the Chairman of the board of directors of the Tsargrad group of companies, which in 2015 launched Tsargrad TV (Tsargrad being the Slavic name of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire) with the help of Jack Hanick, and which has as editor in chief Aleksandr Dugin [archive] and chairman of its supervisory board Leonid Reshetnikov [archive], who is also on the Supervisory board of Katehon, is a member of the Public Council of the Russian Ministry of Defense and of the Scientific Councils of both the Russian Security Council and Ministry of Affairs, and until January 2017 was the director of the Russian Institute of Strategic Studies [archive]. Tsargrad TV, which provides a platform to fascists such as Aleksandr Dugin and Alex Jones, is “based on Orthodox principles in the same way as Fox News” according to Malofeyev, who is a founder and shareholder of the channel and was its general producer until November 2017 [archive], having resigned from this position shortly after being made a member of the council [archive] of the Society for the Development of Russian Education: Two-Headed Eagle, a Russian monarchist organization.

[Note: Leonid Reshetnikov has blamed the Second World War on an “Anglo-Saxon elite”, which is a position similar to that of Dugin in his essay on red and borderless fascism.]

[Note: The World Congress of Families lists the Sanctity of Motherhood and the Saint Basil the Great Foundation as its partners [archive], and its Russian section lists Tsargrad TV, Katehon and the Saint Basil the Great Foundation among its partners [archive].]

The Formation of Novorossiya and the Annexation of Crimea

Malofeyev is a former employer of Aleksandr Borodai, who was once a deputy director of the FSB and had also formerly worked at Zavtra [archive] where he continues to be published as an “expert” [archive]. Malofeyev is also a former employer of Igor Girkin (more commonly known as Igor Strelkov), a former FSB member who was in charge of Malofeyev’s security when he visited Kiev and Crimea in 2014 and contributed to Zavtra between 1998 and 2000 [archive]. According to investigative newspaper Novaya Gazeta, Malofeyev drafted the plan for the creation of the so-called Novorossiya statelet which was was formed in the Donbass in eastern Ukraine. When the two “People’s Republics” making up Novorossiya were created in 2014, Girkin became the Defense Minister of the Donetsk People’s Republic while Borodai became Prime Minister. Aleksandr Proselkov, the head of the Rostov branch of Dugin’s International Eurasian Movement [archive], became Deputy Foreign Minister of the Donetsk People’s Republic [archive], and the Deputy Prime Minister was Andrey Purgin, who was himself a member of Donetskaya Respublika, a pro-Russian organization which had been created in response to the 2005 Orange Revolution, and participated in protests with and went to the summer camps of the Eurasian Youth Union (a youth wing of Aleksandr Dugin’s International Eurasianist party formed with the support of the Russian government of Vladimir Putin in reaction to the Orange Revolution in Ukraine, and which received at least 18.5 million rubles in the form of presidential grants from 2013 to 2014). Donetskaya Respublika had also worked with the Russia Bloc, Bravtsovo and the Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine (PSPU), which are all far-right organizations. Bravtsovo’s and the PSPU’s respective leaders, Dmytro Korchynsky and Natalya Vitrenko are members of the High Council of Dugin’s International Eurasian Movement [archive].

[Note: Natalia Vitrenko’s misleadingly-named PSPU, a far-right party, has worked with the Ukrainian Communist Party [archive] (which adheres to a Soviet nationalist red-brown politics not unlike that of the KPRF) in 2007, led a delegation to Libya in April 2011 where she awarded Muammar Gaddafi with an “anti-NATO resistance fighter” title [archive], and in July 2011 joined the All Russia’s People’s Front founded by Vladimir Putin, who became its leader in 2013. As well as being a member of Dugin’s International Eurasian Movement, Vitrenko is also a close associate of LaRouche [archive] and promotes his movement, being another close ally of both Dugin and LaRouche.]

Aleksandr Dugin and Aleksandr Prokhanov were both present at the founding congress of the Novorossiya Party [archive] in late May 2014, which was also attended by Pavel Gubarev (a former member of Barkashov’s neo-Nazi Russian National Unity as well as former member of Vitrenko’s PSPU [archive], who was governor of the Donetsk People’ Republic from March to November of that same year) and Valeriy Korovin, a member of the Izborsky Club [archive] and a leader of the Eurasian Youth Union. In early June 2014, discussions between Gubarev and Prokhanov took place [archive], during which it was decided that the Izborsky Club would develop Novorossiya economically and ideologically, and Gubarev was invited to join the Izborsky Club and create a new branch for it in the Donetsk People’s Republic. The next day, the Izborsky Club announced that it would advise the drafting of a new constitution for Novorossiya [archive]. In mid-June 2014, a Donetsk branch of the Izborsky Club was created, with Pavel Gubarev as its chairperson [archive], and the Izborsky Club itself reported that Gubarev, Girkin and Borodai had been elected as its members [archive]. After Girkin was dismissed as the Donetsk Republic’s Defense Minister in August that year, he was seen accompanying Aleksandr Dugin and Konstantin Malofeyev at the Valaam Monastery in Russian Karelia the next month, and Borodai is presently on the committee of The Two-Headed Eagle [archive] along with Malofeyev.

The referendum for the accession of the Crimean peninsula to the Russian Federation also saw fascists and neo-Stalinists close or part of the National-Bolshevik network as observers, which is unfortunately not a new phenomenon: already in the late 2000s and early 2010s, a number of elections in Europe and the former Soviet bloc had been monitored [archive] by the CIS-EMO, which was founded and headed by Aleksey Kochetkov [archive], who had been a member of Barkashov’s Russian National Unity in the 1990s, and whose experts included Thiriart’s associate Luc Michel, Mateusz Piskorski (see below) and Giulietto Chiesi [archive] (former Moscow correspondent for the Italian Communist newspaper L’Unità who has since become a red-brown militant and is on the Experts Council of the Russian Eurasianist magazine Geopolitika together with Aleksandr Dugin [archive], and became a member of the Izborsky Club in 2014 [archive] and supports Aleksandr Dugin’s ideas [archive]). The observers of the Crimean referendum had been invited by the Eurasian Observatory for Democracy and Elections, headed by Luc Michel and included:

  • Johannes Hubner of the FPÖ
  • Johann Gudenus of the FPÖ
  • Ewald Johann Stadler, a fromer member of the FPÖ
  • Frank Creyelman of Vlaams Belang
  • Luc Michel of the National-European Communitarian Party
  • Jan Penris of Vlaams Belang
  • Christian Vergoustraete of Vlaams Belang and the Alliance of European National Movements
  • Pavel Chernev of Ataka
  • Kiril Kolev of Ataka
  • Johan Backman, a neo-Stalinist who does not recognize Estonia and Latvia as states
  • Aymeric Chaperaude of the French National Front
  • Hikmat al-Sabty of German left-wing party Die Linke
  • Torsten Koplin of Die Linke
  • Piotr Luczak of Die Linke and chairperson of the European Centre for Geopolitical Analysis
  • Monika Merk of Die Linke and Secretary of the European Centre for Geopolitical Analysis
  • Manuel Ochsenreiter
  • Charalampos Angourakis, of the Communist Party of Greece, which is known for cooperating with the police and the state, has engaged in anti-refugee actions, and occasionally cooperates with Golden Dawn
  • Bela Kovacs of Jobbik and treasurer of the Alliance of European Nationalist Movements
  • Lev Malinsky of BenOr Consulting
  • Sergey Podrazhansky, the former editor of Israeli right-wing newspaper Vesti
  • Fabrizio Bertot, of Lega Italia
  • Claudio D’Amico of Lega Nord
  • Valerio Cignetti, of the Tricolour Flame and General Secretary of the Alliance of European National Movements
  • Miroslavs Mitrofanovs of the Latvian Russian Union
  • Tatjana Zdanoka of the Latvian Russian Union
  • Adam Krysztof of the Polish social-democratic party Democratic Left Alliance
  • Mateusz Piskorski of the Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland. Piskorski was a member of Polish fascist group Niklot, a leader of far-right Polish party Zmiana [archive], is an associate of Aleksandr Dugin, and vice-director of the German Center for Eurasian Studies [archive]
  • Andrzej Romanek of Solidary Poland
  • Milenko Baborak of the Dveri Movement
  • Nenad Popovic of the Democratic Party of Serbia
  • Zoran Radojicic
  • Oleg Denisenko of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (KPRF)
  • Pedro Mourino of the Partido Popular
  • Enrique Ravello, former member of CEDADE and Terre et Peuple, and present member of Plataforma per Catalunya
  • Srda Trifkovic, an Islamophobe and anti-Semite who has worked with the Serbian Radical Party, is a supporter of Radovan Karadzic [archive], defended Karadzic in during the latter’s trial and denies the Srebrenica genocide [archive]. Trifkovic is the Foreign Affairs Editor [archive] of the openly far-right [archive] Chronicles Magazine and a contributing editor to neo-fascist platform The Alternate Right run by Richard Spencer.

[Note: The European Centre for Geopolitical Analysis was founded by Mateusz Piskorski, himself a participant [archive] of Thierry Meyssan’s Axis for Peace conference (see below) and the vice director of the German Center for Eurasian Studies [archive], whose president is Manuel Ochsenreiter. Ochsenreiter was formerly a host on Russian state-owned channel RT, where he was presented as an “expert” on German and Middle-Eastern Affairs (he has regularly [archive] discussed [archive] Ukraine [archive], Crimea [archive] and the [archive] war in [archive] Syria [archive] on RT) before being outed as the editor of Zuerst!, a neo-Nazi German magazine which glorifies Hitler. In 2014, Yakunin’s Foundation of Saint Andrew the First-Called and Center of National Glory organized an “anti-fascist conference” in Saint Petersburg concerning the crisis in Ukraine, among whose participants was National Bolshevik Mateusz Piskorski.]

The Anti-Orange Committee

One of Dugin’s close collaborators was Geydar Dzhemal (who died in 2016), who was a member of the Golovin Circle alongside Dugin and later of Pamyat together with Dugin before being both expelled from it together, Dzhemal later theorizing his own fascist ideas based on Islamist theory and founding his own fascist think tank called the Florian Geyer Club. The attendants of the Florian Geyer Club’s various [archive] seminars [archive] included Aleksandr Dugin, Claudio Mutti (see below), Israel Shamir (see below), Nadezhda Kevorkova (a contributor to RT since 2010 [archive]) and fascists Maksim Shevchenko and Mikhail Leontyev. Shevchenko had already cooperated with Dzhemal in 2010 when, together with Sergey Markov from Vladimir Putin’s United Russia party, they were part of a Russian delegation at a conference organized by the FPÖ concerning Color Revolutions, which was a year after he had invited Dugin to Vienna in 2009 and introduced him to the leaders of the FPÖ.

In 2012, Dugin, Leontyev, Shevchenko, Prokhanov and Nikolai Starikov joined the Anti-Orange Committee founded by Sergey Kurginyan, a former left-wing opponent of Yeltsin who has moved to the nationalist Right after the events of 1993, supports an alliance between the Left and the Right [archive], and now leads the Essence of Time movement, which describes itself as left-patriotic [archive] and aims to create a “USSR 2.0”, a movement which Anton Shekhovtsov says is National Bolshevik. The Anti-Orange Committee was founded in opposition to the anti-Putin Bolotnaya Square protests of 2011, whose speakers ironically included Yevgeny Kopyshev from the KPRF, nationalist Konstantin Krylov (see below), and representatives of the Left Front Stalinist opposition group (see below), and Dugin’s former associate Limonov had participated in demonstrations with the protesters earlier that same day in Moscow’s Revolution Square. The Committee adhered to a conspiratorial worldview where it perceived the protests against Putin to be the result of a Western conspiracy in cooperation with fascists who support WWII era war criminal and Nazi collaborationist Stepan Bandera. The name of the Committee itself as well as this conspiracy were both based on how Dugin and his acolytes, in accordance to their fascist worldview where the US is a center of liberalism which seeks to destroy Russian culture and Eurasian civilization, interpreted the 2005 US-supported Orange Revolution (and of which there are valid criticisms from the Left) in Ukraine as a Banderist plot concocted in the West against Russia, and which a large number of fascists repeat in the context of the Euromaidan and the Arab Spring.

[Note: Maksim Shevchenko was member [archive] of the Civil Chamber of the Russian Federation from 2008 to 2012 and has been a member [archive] of the Russian Federation’s Presidential Council for Civil Society and Human Rights since 2012, and is part [archive] of its provisional body in charge of civil society and human rights in Crimea. Shevchenko is a member of the Izborsky Club [archive] together with Starikov and Leontyev. In 2017, Shevchenko joined the Left Front [archive].]

Boris Kagarlitsky

Among the participants of the Florian Geyer Club’s September 2011 seminar was Boris Kagarlitsky [archive], a former left-wing Soviet dissident who presents himself as a left-wing critic of Vladimir Putin but writes articles supporting Vladimir Putin and Donald [archive] Trump [archive], and associates with fascists [archive] such as Aleksey Belyaev-Gintovt (a member of Dugin’s Eurasian Youth Union [archive]), Yevgeniy Zhilin (the leader of the fascist organization Oplot), Konstantin Krylov (leader of the right-wing Russian Social Movement and one time member of the fascist party Rodina – see below), and Yegor Kholmogorov. According researcher Anton Shkehovtsov, Russian investigative journalists say Kagarlitsky has been working with the Kremlin from at least 2005 to control the section of the Russian Left independent of the KPRF and clamp down on the left-wing opposition to Vladimir Putin, and in 2005 he wrote a report which called the KPRF the most corrupt party of Russia while not investigating the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia and United Russia, due to which Kagarlitsky was successfully sued by Gennady Zyuganov and was forced to apologize. Kagarlitsky’s organization, the Institute for Global Research and Social Movements, has received state funding in the form of presidential grants.

In early June 2014, Kagarlitsky was present through Skype at the founding conference of the “Solidarity with the Antifascist Resistance in Ukraine” [archive], which was also attended by Richard Brenner from Workers’ Power (a British Trotskyist group which was dissolved and merged into the Labour Party in September 2015), Lindsey German from Counterfire, Alan Woods from Socialist Appeal and the International Marxist Tendency, and Sergey Kirchuk from Borotba (see below). In August 2014, Kagarlitsky was hosted by the UK-based Stop The War Coalition together with Tariq Ali and Lindsey German [archive].

Kagarlitsky’s position on the war in Ukraine has been to support the Novorossiyan forces and whitewash its fascist leaders [archive], and as result in June 2014 itself Denis Denisov, a Crimean left-wing activist from the Left Opposition, ended his collaboration with Kagarlitsky. Following Kagarlitsky’s reply that Denisov should reconsider his views and suggestion he should support the “self-organizing movement of solidarity with Novorossiya” instead, Volodymyr Zadyraka of the Autonomous Workers’ Union wrote a scathing criticism of Kagarlitsky’s pseudo-dissidence which in reality serves the Russian establishment and its imperialist policies, and which appeals to Western leftists whose politics are centered around geopolitics rather than concern for the lives of Syrians and Ukrainians.

In July 2014, Kagarlitsky’s Institute for Global Research and Social Movements co-organized a conference titled “The World Crisis and the Confrontation in Ukraine” in Yalta, Crimea together with Osnovaniye and the Center of Coordination and Support for Novaya Rus, both headed [archive] by Aleksey Anpilogov (a regular contributor [archive] for Zavtra). Among the attendees of the conference were:

Aleksandr Prokhanov, whose fascist newspaper Zavtra reported the conference [archive] noted that Prokhanov himself met with the attendees and that a meeting had taken place between the participants of the conference and members of the Izborsky Club, which was strangely also holding a conference in Yalta at the same time. A number of these attendees signed a manifesto [archive] adopted by the conference and drafted by Maksim Shevchenko.

In August 2014, another conference was organized, again by Angipilov’s Novaya Rus, in Yalta, called “Russia, Novorossiya, Ukraine: Global Problems and Challenges”, and which Darya Mitina (who headed the Moscow branch of the Foreign Ministry of the Donetsk People’s Republic [archive] and is a member of the Central Committee of the United Communist Party and Secretary of its Central Committee for International Relations [archive]) described as the successor to the July conference [archive]. Among [archive] the participants were:

  • Frank Creyelman of Vlaams Belang
  • Luc Michel of the National-European Communitarian Party
  • Pavel Chernev of Ataka
  • Angel Dzhambazki of the Bulgarian National Movement
  • Johan Backman
  • Márton Gyöngyösi of Jobbik
  • Giovanni Maria Camillacci of Forza Nuova
  • Roberto Fiore of Forza Nuova
  • Mateusz Piskorski, as representative of the Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland
  • Konrad Rękas, from the Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland
  • Bartosz Bekier of Falanga. Bekier was also named vice-president of Piskorski’s Zmiana [archive] the following year, in 2015
  • Nick Griffin of the British National Party
  • Sergey Glazyev
  • Maksim Shevchenko
  • Aleksey Anpilogov
  • Yegor Kholmogorov
  • Petr Getsko
  • Yegor Kvasnyuk
  • Andrey Kovalenko, the head of the Moscow branch of the Eurasian Youth Union [archive]
  • Israel Shamir
  • Yuri Kofner (see below)
  • Aleksandr Borodai
  • Igor Girkin
  • members of the Izborsk and Zinovyev clubs

[Note: Andrey Kovalenko is the founder and chairman of the National Course party [archive], the political wing of the National Liberation Movement headed by Yevgeny Fyodorov, himself a State Duma member for Vladimir Putin’s United Russia party, who strangely believes rock music is “US-instigated sabotage”, and of whom Kovalenko is the assistant [archive]. The National Liberation Movement adheres to a conspiratorial view according to which the collapse of the Soviet Union meant that Russia lost its sovereignty and was turned into a colony of the United States, and sees Vladimir Putin as the leader of a “national liberation movement” supposedly “fighting against foreign influence”. National Course works with Nikolai Starikov’s Great Fatherland party, and has expanded in Sevastopol, Crimea. Like the “Anti-Orange Committee”, it appears to have been created in reaction to the Bolotnaya Square Protests of 2011.]

In September that year, the Izborsky Club organized roundtable talks [archive] whose participants were:

  • Aleksandr Nagorny, the secretary of the Isborsky Club
  • Aleksey Angilopov
  • Vladimir Rogov
  • Galina Zaporozhtseva, chairperson of an organization called “Mothers of Ukraine”, and curiously also a Zavtra contributor [archive]
  • Pavel Gubarev
  • Anton Guryanov, the chairman of the Council of People’s Deputies of the Kharkiv People Republic
  • Darya Mitina
  • Yegor Kvasnyuk
  • Sergey Chernyakhovsky of the Izborsky Club
  • Ekaterina Abbasova of Lugansk
  • Said Gafurov, the husband of Darya Mitina
  • Aleksey Belozersky, the deputy chairman of Aleksay Angolopov’s Novaya Rus

Election Observers from the Far-Right

In November 2014, observers for elections in Novorossiya were organized by Luc Michel’s Eurasian Observatory of Democracy and Elections, Mateusz Piskorski’s European Centre for Geopolitical Analysis, and the Agency for Security and Cooperation in Europe of Austrian far-right politician Ewald Stadler, and included:

  • Frank Abernathy from the US-based EFS Investment Partners LLC
  • Fabrice Beaur from the Eurasian Observatory of Democracy and Elections and the National-European Communitarian Party
  • Alessandro Bertoldi from Forza Nuova
  • Fabrizio Bertot from Forza Nuova
  • Tamaz Bestayev
  • Anatoly Bibilov, then Speaker of the Parliament for the Republic of South Ossetia
  • Branislav Blažić from the misleadingly named right-wing Serbian Progressive Party
  • Aleksandr Brod
  • Mikhail Bryachak from A Just Russia
  • Frank Creyelman of Vlaams Belang
  • Stevica Deđanski of the Center for Development of International Cooperation. He is also a state secretary at the Serbian Ministry of Mining and Energy, where his profile also lists him as leader of Nikita Tolstoy (a Serbian-Russian Friendship Association) and a Serbian Italian friendship association named Gabriele D’Annunzio, after one of the precursors of Italian fascism
  • Felipe Delgado of the Mediasiete Corporation
  • Aleksey Didenko from the far-right Liberal-Democratic Party of Russia
  • Vladimir Djukanovic of the Serbian Progressive Party
  • Jaroslav Doubrava from Severočeši.cz
  • Márton Gyöngyösi from Jobbik
  • Gábor Gyóni from the Eötvös Loránd University
  • Sasha Klein from Israel
  • Nikolay Kolomeytsev from the KPRF
  • Vladimir Krsljanin from the far-right Movement for Serbia
  • Georgios Lambroulis from the Communist Party of Greece
  • Renato A. Landeira from the Mediesiete Corporation
  • Viliam Longauer from the “Union of Fighters Against Fascism”
  • Max Lurie from Israeli Russian language news site Cursor Info
  • Lucio Malan from Forza Italia
  • Alessandro Musolino from Forza Italia
  • Manuel Ochsenreiter
  • Oleg Pakholkov from A Just Russia
  • Vladimir Rodin from the KPRF
  • Aleksandr Ronkin from Israeli Russian language newspaper Ekho
  • Slobodan Samardjiza
  • Jean-Luc Schaffhauser from the French far-right Rassemblement Bleu Marine
  • Georgi Sengalevich from Ataka
  • Leonid Slutskiy from the Liberal-Democratic Party of Russia
  • Ewald Stadler from Die Reformkonservativen
  • Adrienn Szaniszló from Jobbik
  • Magdalena Tasheva from Ataka
  • Dragana Trifkovic from the Belgrade Center for Strategic Research, a former member of the Presidency of the right-wing Democratic Party of Serbia from which she was expelled [archive] in 2016. Trifkovic has collaborated with Manuel Ochsenreiter and written for his Zuerst! neo-Nazi magazine [archive]
  • Srđa Trifković
  • Evgeni Velkov
  • Galina Yartseva
  • Aleksandr Yushchenko from the KPRF
  • Sotirios Zarianopoulos from the Communist Party of Greece
  • Ladislav Zemánek from No to Brussels – Popular Democracy
  • Aleksey Zhuravlyov, the chairman of the Rodina party

Rodina

In 2003 Sergey Glazyev, Sergey Baburin (who had previously been a leader of the National Salvation Front), Dmitry Rogozin and other Russian politicians formed the Rodina bloc, a coalition which Dugin temporarily joined before disagreements over the group’s leadership, especially due to Dugin being disappointed by the party abandoning its initial National Bolshevik character in favor of what he saw as “crude nationalism” and his aversion to the monarchism of Rogozin [archive], caused him to leave. Rodina combines xenophobic, anti-LGBT, anti-abortion and ultra-conservative positions with opposition to oligarchs and the financial sector while adhering to a chauvinistic foreign policy and worshiping the Russian state in both its Tsarist and Stalinist forms, being effectively a fascist party.

In January 2005 a group of State Duma members including from Rodina and the KPRF, evoking anti-Semitic conspiracy theories by claiming that the world was “under the monetary and political control of international Judaism”, signed a petition to the prosecutor-general demanding the ban of all Jewish organizations in Russia on the same day Vladimir Putin was participating in the commemoration of the liberation of Auschwitz during WWII. Putin expressed shame over the petition, and while Rogozin had not signed the petition, he refused to condemn the Rodina members who had signed it. After this, frictions increased between Rogozin and Putin, and at the end of the same year Rodina came under investigation for running racist TV ads inciting racial hatred against migrants from the Caucasus and was barred from Moscow Duma elections in consequence.

Rodina has been described as a Kremlin project whose aim was to draw voters away from the National-Bolsheviks or from KPRF and liberals, eventually however becoming a force of its own, leading the Kremlin to oust its leader Dmitry Rogozin in 2006 and send him as ambassador to NATO to Brussels to rein the party in after Rogozin’s nationalist rhetoric led it to became too popular especially among opponents of Vladimir Putin, thus leading to fears it could overtake Putin’s United Russia in popularity, and Rodina itself was soon after merged into the A Just Russia opposition party in October that year. However Rodina was reinstated in 2012, with its chairman being Aleksey Zhuravlyov, a member of Vladimir Putin’s United Russia party who himself called the party “the President’s (Putin’s) black-ops force”, though control of the party would still be de facto in the hands of Rogozin, who has himself been Deputy Prime Minister and responsible of the Military-Industrial Commission for Putin’s administration since 2011.

In 2015, Rodina organized the “International Russian Conservative Forum” (IRCF), an attempt at forming a coalition of far-right parties. The conference was presided by Rodina’s chairman Zhuravlyov and was attended by [archive]:

  • Ataka
  • The Lombardy-Russia Cultural Association, itself founded by the far-right Lega Nord
  • Jared Taylor of the American Renaissance
  • The British Unity Party
  • The Alliance for Peace and Freedom
  • Igor Morozov, a member of the Federation Council of the Ryazan Oblast
  • Euro-Rus, a far-right group whose own page [archive] suggests both National Bolshevik and LaRouchite influences

The far-right Freedom Party of Austria and Serbian Radical Party were also scheduled to participate in the conference before dropping out of it.

The Alliance for Peace and Freedom itself includes:

  • Forza Nuova
  • The National Democratic Party of Germany
  • Party of the Swedes
  • Golden Dawn
  • National Democracy
  • Nation
  • The Danish Party

Later that same year, Rodina and the Russian Imperial Movement, another Russian far-right party, organized the founding conference of the World National-Conservative Movement (WNCM), which Alexander Reid Ross calls an attempt at creating a fascist internationale [archive] (Ross should know better than publishing this on the red-brown cesspool that CounterPunch is though). The chairman of the WNCM was Yuriy Lyubomirskiy, a member of Rodina. According to Anton Shekhovtsov, the WNCM was an outgrowth of the IRCF which had also been organized by Rodina that same year. An early warning sign of this attempt by Rodina to form a fascist internationale, according to Ross, was a conference organized in 2014 by the Anti-Globalization Movement of Russia (which I explore below in the post), which is itself close to Rodina.

The participants of the WNCM included:

  • The Alliance for Peace of Freedom
  • The UK Life League, close to Britain First
  • Britain First, from the United Kingdom
  • The British Unity Party, from the United Kingdom
  • Jeune Nation, from France
  • Jobbik, from Hungary
  • The Slovak National Party, from Slovakia
  • The Congress of the New Right, from Poland
  • The Network Carpatho-Russian Movement, from Ukraine
  • The All-Polish Youth, from Poland
  • Falanga, from Poland
  • Blue Poland, from Poland
  • Serbian Action, from Serbia
  • Euro-Rus, from Belgium
  • The Polish National Convention, from Poland
  • The Center for Research of Orthodox Monarchism, from Serbia
  • The National Popular Front (ELAM), from Cyprus
  • Die Russlanddeutschen Konservativen, from Germany
  • Mișcărea Conservatoare, from Romania
  • Mișcarea Național, from Romania
  • The Nordic Resistance (which includes the Swedish Resistance and the Finnish Resistance)
  • Noua Dreaptă, from Romania
  • The Traditionalist Communion, from Spain
  • Action Française, from France
  • Renouveau Français, from France
  • Unité Continentale, from France, which has sent volunteers to fight alongside the Novorossiyan forces
  • Generace Identity, from the Czech Republic
  • Nordic Youth, from Sweden
  • Slovak Brotherhood, from Slovakia
  • The Finns Party, from Finland
  • Suomen Sisu, from Finland
  • Indentitarian Action, from Chine
  • Issuy-Kai, from Japan
  • Dayaar Mongol, from Mongolia
  • The New Political Party, from Thailand
  • The National Alliance for Democracy, from Thailand
  • The Worker’s Party of Social Justice, from the Czech Republic
  • Front Nasionaal, from South Africa
  • The National Movement, from Poland
  • National Democracy, from the Czech Republic
  • The Bulgarian National Union, from Bulgaria
  • The Traditionalist Youth Network (TYN), a Third Positionist neo-Nazi organization in the United States whose political wing is the Traditionalist Worker Party (TWP). The TYN/TWP is part of the American neo-fascist movement known as the “Alt-Right“, and has been actively working to network fascist groups in the United States, and in 2016 joined the fascist coalition named the Aryan Nationalist Alliance and later that year founded the Nationalist Front, a coalition of far-right groups in the United States
  • Millennium, also known as the Italian Communitarian Party, an Eurasianist organization who shares an ideology close to that of Aleksandr Dugin’s neo-Eurasianism and has been cooperating with Dugin for years. Millennium has sent “anti-fascist” volunteers to eastern Ukraine to support Novorossiya
  • The League of the South, a member of the TWP’s Nationalist Front [archive]
  • The American Freedom Party
  • The American Renaissance, part of the American neo-fascist movement known as the “Alt-Right
  • The British National Party
  • Tomislav Sunic
  • David Duke, the former Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan
  • Kevin McDonald
  • The Serbian Radical Party
  • Sam Dickson, a former lawyer for the Ku Klux Klan
  • The Russian National Cultural Center
  • Rodina
  • The Russian Imperial Movement
  • The Syrian Social Nationalist Party, a Syrian fascist party which I explore in the next part of this post

Which leads us to the war in Syria, where the fascist right has supported the Damascus regime, with the far-right all around the world rallying around Assad. It might be surprising at first, unless one is aware of the ties between the Ba’ath regime and the far-right going back to the days of the Cold War, when Hafez al-Assad sheltered Alois Brunner, the assistant of Adolf Eichmann. Brunner would help Assad restructure the Ba’athist state’s secret services on a model based on the Gestapo and the Waffen-SS. Another important link between the Syrian regime and fascists worldwide is the Syrian Social Nationalist Party.

The Syrian Social Nationalist Party

The Syrian Social Nationalist Party (SSNP) is a fascist organization founded in 1932 by Antun Saadeh, an admirer of Hitler who was well-acquainted in Nazism, and is described as a “Levantine clone of the Nazi party in almost every aspect”, being extremely anti-Semitic from its onset (which was about a decade before the ethnic cleansing of Palestine and the creation of the colonial Israeli state), adopting a reversed swastika as party symbol and singing the party’s anthem to the tune of Deutschland über Alles, the national anthem by the Nazi regime. Saadeh would later however come to openly deny his organization was fascist after an attempt by the SSNP to obtain assistance in the form of military training from Nazi Germany was rejected by the then German consul to Syria, though his party never ceased to be a fascist organization in practice, as evidenced by a reactionary diatribe on the Facebook page of its Iraqi branch in 2017 railing against “Cultural Marxism”, political correctness and feminism [archive].

The SSNP’s ideology seeks the establishment of a “Greater Syria” [archive] which would include the modern states of Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Iraq, Cyprus and the Sinai, corresponding roughly to the borders of the ancient neo-Assyrian and neo-Babylonian Empires, and it differs from Nazi ideology in that rejects racialist conception of a Syrian nation and bases it instead on geographical and cultural terms, thus making the SSNP’s ideology closer to that of Francis Yockey and the European New Right.

In 1949, a series of three coups happened in Syria, the first overthrowing Syria’s first president and the third leading to Adib Shishakli, a military officer from the SSNP, seizing power and imposing military rule under which newspapers were banned and all political parties dissolved [archive]. Far from being an enemy of Israel, Shishakli’s regime accepted funding from the US in exchange of settling Palestinian refugees in Syria and giving them Syrian citizenship as part of the imperialist erasure of the Palestinian people while still supported by the SSNP. Shishakli would later be overthrown in a coup by the Syrian Communist Party and the Ba’ath Party in 1954 and the SSNP was banned in Syria in 1955 after a SSNP member assassinated Adnan al-Malki, an army officer from the Ba’ath Party.

Following Hafez al-Assad coming to power and the Lebanese Civil War during which the Lebanese branch of the SSNP allied with the Palestine Liberation Organization, Hezbollah and the Syrian army, the SSNP and the Syrian regime moved closer since Assad saw the SSNP as a useful proxy in Lebanon while the SSNP saw Assad as one way through which their project of a Greater Syria could be established due to Assad’s attempts to gain hegemony on Lebanon and Palestine. Thus the SSNP was slowly tolerated under Hafez’s dictatorship and under his son Bashar, the SSNP was allowed to join the Ba’ath led ruling coalition, and was legalized in 2005. When the crisis in Syria started in 2011, the SSNP threw its weight behind Bashar al-Assad, participating in pro-government demonstrations and fighting on the side of the state forces, and while the SSNP had joined the Syrian parliamentary opposition coalition in 2012, it withdrew from the coalition in 2014 because unlike its other members it supported the re-election of Bashar al-Assad.

The SSNP, Fascists and Syria

Before the outbreak of the Syrian Revolution, Issa el-Ayoubi, the Undersecretary of Foreign Affairs of the SSNP [archive] who is presently the vice-president of the Voltaire Network [archive], attended the Axis for Peace conference by conspiracist Thierry Meyssan in 2005 [archive] (see below). The SSNP and the Lebanese branch of the Baath Party appear to have contributed interviews to an edition of Eurasianist magazine Geopolitica in 2007 to which Claudio Mutti, Tiberio Graziani and Webster Tarpley also contributed to [archive]. The unsurprising result was that since the people’s uprising started in Syria, Russian, Iranian and Hezbollah media consistently ran a number of conspiracy theorists more or less close to the fascist network including William Engdahl [archive], Webster Tarpley [archive] (who was in Syria in 2011 [archive]), Chossudovsky [archive], Thierry Meyssan [archive] and Kevin Barrett [archive] who immediately branded the uprising as a Western plot.

Conspiracy Theorists

F. William Engdahl and Webster Tarpley

William Engdahl and Webster Tarpley are “former” members of the LaRouche Movement, who are now professional conspiracy theorists associated with larger fascist circles where they promote conspiracies with a distinctly LaRouchite flavor.

While Engdahl claims to no longer be associated with far-right or conspiracist groups, he has been involved in 2011 discussions concerning the creation of a Eurasian Union with Aleksandr Dugin [archive]. Wikileaks employee, long-time (from 2000 until now) Zavtra contributor [archive] and Holocaust denier Israel Shamir, who had handed unredacted cables to Belarusian President Aleksandr Lukashenko a year before, attended these discussions.

Engdahl is presently on the Advisory Board of Veterans Today [archive], a virulently anti-Semitic website which promotes Holocaust denial extensively [archive] and lists Ernst Zundel on its Editorial Board’s In Memoriam section. In the introduction on Engdahl’s own website which carefully omits his involvement with LaRouche, he is listed as a Research Associate for the Centre for Research on Globalization [archive], a conspiracist website which describes itself as “a major source on the New World Order”. Engdahl is on the scientific committee of the Eurasianist journal Geopolitica, whose editor is Tiberio Graziani, himself a member of the High Council [archive] of Aleksandr Dugin’s International Eurasian Movement. Engdahl and Dugin are also both on the board of Eurasia, an Eurasianist journal headed by Claudio Mutti.

[Note: Aymeric Chauprade is on the Scientific Committee of Geopolitica.]

Engdahl also contributes to the New Eastern Outlook [archive], a journal published by the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which strangely lists Engdahl’s website and the Holocaust denying Veterans Today as media partners [archive]. Content found on the New Eastern Outlook includes Islamophobic conspiracy theories [archive], Soros conspiracy theories [archive], “globalist” conspiracy theories [archive], “Rothschild” conspiracy theories [archive], and anti-Semitic conspiracy theories about the Russian Revolution [archive]. Webster Tarpley, on the other hand, wrote around 110 articles for the Voltaire Network of Thierry Meyssan between 2009 and 2016 [archive] and since then appears to have founded his own conspiracist outlet [archive] named The American System Network.

When the Arab Spring started, RT hosted Engdahl, who claimed

RT hosted Tarpley too, where he claimed that:

Kevin Barrett

A PhD holder in Islamic Studies, Kevin Barrett is conspiracy theorist who regularly blames “Zionists” and Mossad for various crises in a way that, far from being legitimate leftist critiques of Zionism and the Israeli state, are in fact rooted in anti-Semitic conspiracy theories. About Barrett, Matthew Lyons of Political Research Associates says that “when someone like Barrett talks about ‘Zionism,’ he’s not really talking about the movement of Jewish nationalism that created and supports the state of Israel, he’s talking about Jews — the demonic scapegoat mythical version of the Jews.”

Barrett happens to be a member of the Editorial Board of Veterans Today [archive] along with Engdahl, and contributes to the No Lies Radio, a conspiracist channel devoted mainly to 9/11 conspiracy theories and claiming the War on Terror is itself part of an elaborate conspiracy where jihadists are a tool for the US to create a “New World Order”, and to the American Free Press, a white nationalist and anti-Semitic publication which is also the successor of the Spotlight newspaper published by Willis Carto’s Liberty Lobby.

RT hosted Barrett multiple times, where he claimed that:

Thierry Meyssan and the Voltaire Network

In a trajectory paralleling that of Lyndon LaRouche, Thierry Meyssan started as a leftist in the 90s as a member of the French left-wing Parti Radical de Gauche, and founded the Voltaire Network as a source of investigations into the far-right and in support of secularism before moving into the milieu of conspiracy theories in the 2000s by publishing 9/11: The Big Lie and Pentagate, two conspiracist books alleging the 9/11 attacks had been done by the US military-industrial complex to find a pretext for a supposedly long-planned war on Afghanistan, and which were among the prime vehicles for 9/11 conspiracy theories worldwide.

The following years were marked by increasing anti-Semitism on the Voltaire Network, with former members testifying administrators were speaking of “Jewish lobbies” and branded Jewish members of the Network involved in Palestinian solidarity as “Zionists” due to the influence of red-brown militants advocating for querfronts against Western imperialism, and Meyssan seeking to obtain financing from various authoritarian states. In 2005, Meyssan admitted Claude Karnoouh, a Holocaust denier, to the administrative council of the Voltaire Network during a general assembly where an anti-Semitic movie by Dieudonné Mbala Mbala was played.

[Note: Dieudonné Mbala Mbala, more commonly known as simply Dieudonné, started as a left-wing anti-racist activist opposed to the French National Front in the 90s before moving to the far-right in the 2000s, associating with neo-fascist Alain Soral and allying to Jean-Marie le Pen (who became the godfather of Dieudonné’s daughter), platforming Holocaust denier Robert Faurisson and disparaging Holocaust memorial in 2008, and wishing atrocities committed during the Holocaust on a Jewish celebrity in 2013, following which his shows were banned.]

In 2005, Meyssan organized the Axis for Peace Colloquium, whose theme was that 9/11 was an inside job, and that al-Qaeda is a proxy of the CIA and the MI5 against Syria and Iran, something LaRouche had also asserted two years prior [archive]. This conference [archive] was attended by [archive], among others [archive]:

In 2006, Meyssan visited Syria along with Dieudonné, Alain Soral and Frederic Chatillon, who organized their visit, and toured Syria with Manaff Tlass, the son of Mustafa Tlass, the former Syrian Minister of Defense and the head of the Syrian secret services under Hafez al-Assad. Mustafa Tlass had himself been trained by Alois Brunner, a Nazi war criminal and assistant of Adolf Eichmann who participated in the Holocaust before fleeing to Syria after WWII and helping Hafez al-Assad restructure the Syrian secret services on a model inspired by the Gestapo and the Waffen-SS.

[Note: Frédéric Chatillon is a former president of the far-right Groupe Union Défence (GUD) and presently an advisor to Marine Le Pen. Chatillon owns Riwal, a company which works with the Syrian Ministry of Tourism, and was an associate of Mustafa Tlass. When the popular protest movement started in Syria in 2011, Chatillon immediately blamed it on the “Zionist lobby”, and in November 2014 Chatillon’s GUD organized an “Awakening of Nations” conference [archive] whose participants included fascist groups like CasaPound, the Republican Social Movement, Liga Joven, ELAM, Nation, the Mouvement D’Action Sociale, and Synthèse Nationale.]

[Note: Alain Soral is a former French Marxist who was involved in the French Communist Party in the early to mid-90s before advocating for a red-brown alliance between the far-right and the far-left against capitalism and “global Zionism” in the late 90s and later joining the National Front. Soral became a friend of Marine le Pen and was an advisor of Jean-Marie le Pen during the latter’s presidential campaign of 2007 and integrated the Central Committee of the National Front [archive]. He created his own neo-fascist organization, Égalité et Réconciliation, that same year with Dieudonné and former GUD members Jildaz Mahé O’Chinal and Philippe Péninque, and supported by Frédéric Chatillon. Soral left the National Front in 2009 and has written the foreword of Aleksandr Dugin’s book The Fourth Political Theory. Soral is also in charge of [archive] far-right publishing house Kontre Kulture (whose name is reminiscent of the position of the National Bolshevik Party in the post-Soviet Russian counter-culture, and of the European New Right’s metapolitical approach for cultural hegemony, a rhetoric which is also present within the US reactionary movement) which has published, among others, Mein Kampf and Alain de Benoist.]

[Note: Another collaborator of Dieudonne and Soral [archive], Kemi Seba, who is the ideologue of a fascist form of Kemetism and Pan-Africanism inspired by the Nation of Islam. Organizations led by Seba enagaged in openly anti-Semitic activity and were been banned in France as result, and in 2009 he founded the Mouvement des Damnés de l’Impérialisme (Movement of the Wretched of Imperialism, abbreviated MDI) which, despite its name harking back to revolutionary Franz Fanon’s Wretched of the Earth, is in fact a fascist organization which describes itself as being “ethnopluralist”, promotes Holocaust denier Ginnette Skandrani (see below) and whose membership included Holocaust denier and Cambodian Genocide denier Serge Thion. Seba collaborates with Hezbollah, was received by Mahmud Ahmadinejad in 2015 [archive], and more recently was invited and welcomed to Moscow by Aleksandr Dugin [archive] in December 2017 with the aim of forming an alliance to create a “multipolar world” [archive] after he was deported from Senegal to France earlier that same year.

Close to this group is Yahia Gouasmi, who had once collaborated with Iranian intelligence in an assassination attempt against an Iranian dissident. Gouasmi founded and runs the Zahra Center [archive], which in 2008 organized a Quds Day rally (an initiative which was itself started by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini), attended by [archive] Dieudonne, Kemi Seba’s MDI, and Holocaust denier Ginnette Skandrani. In 2009, Gouasmi started the “Anti-Zionist Party” which, despite its name is not merely anti-Zionist and does not only oppose the Israeli state, but is outright anti-Semitic, its party program claiming France is controlled by a “Zionist lobby” and that “power needs to be given to France and French people again” [archive], and its candidates [archive] for the European elections of 2009 including fascists Dieudonne and Alain Soral, Emannuelle Grilli (former member of the far-right Renouveau Francais and member of the national-socialist Parti Solidaire Francais) and Holocaust deniers Maria Poumier and Ginnette Skandrani. Gouasmi appears to have met Hassan Nasrallah and been interviewed by Iranian state tv network SAHAR according to [archive] the website of another organization run by Gouasmi, the Shiite Federation of France (note: one must bear in mind that Gouasmi’s organization is not representative of Shi’a Islam and does not represent French Shiites either. Principled radical anti-racism requires fighting against anti-Shi’a sectarianism).]

In 2008, Meyssan would declare [archive] he is willing to work with everyone from the far-right to the far-left against imperialism, effectively echoing both LaRouche and the European New Right, while also announcing he works with al-Manar, the official channel of Hezbollah, and with Iranian state media, as well as allowing Iranian authorities to publish his work. Therefore, conspiracist Meyssan unsurprisingly declared that the 2009 protests in Iran against electoral fraud was a “Color Revolution” plotted by the United States [archive] and especially Hillary Clinton [archive], a position similar to LaRouche’s who blamed the protest movement on the British. Meyssan’s conspiracy theories based on anti-American geopolitics appear to be influenced by both LaRouche and the European New Right, while his support for Hugo Chavez is something he shares only with the latter movement as LaRouche believes Chavez is a puppet of the British.

Meyssan’s website publishes William Engdahl [archive] (quoting his conspiracy theories about the Arab Spring in 2011 itself [archive]), who himself quotes Meyssan [archive] (whom he called a Damascus-based French Middle-Eastern Expert) in his own articles. Meyssan is himself a Katehon contributor [archive]. Meyssan’s website is listed by Soral’s Égalité et Réconciliation as a friendly website [archive], publishes Leonid Savin of Dugin’s International Eurasianist Movement [archive], and Mikhail Leontyev [archive], who himself references Meyssan in his articles [archive]. Meyssan has been hosted on RT too concerning the war [archive] in Syria [archive] and Libya [archive].

Michel Chossudovsky and Global Research

Meyssan’s website is also an associate of The Center for Research on Globalization (more commonly known as Global Research), founded, edited and directed by Michel Chossudovsky, a former left-wing economist involved in the anti-globalization movement and Professor emeritus at the University of Ottawa who has since then moved towards Milosevic apologia [archive] and promoting the same idea as Meyssan and LaRouche that 9/11 was a CIA false flag plot whose aim is to usher the “New World Order” [archive].

Global Research called the Voltaire Network its “partner media group” in 2011 [archive], has been republishing Meyssan as from 2002 [archive] and has been quoted by Meyssan concerning Syria in September 2011 itself [archive] (Chossudovsky himself was a Voltaire Network contributor from 2009 to 2011 [archive]). Global Research has been [archive] quoted by LaRouche, and Global Research reshared [archive] articles [archive] by [archive] LaRouche [archive] and by [archive] Aleksandr Dugin [archive].

Among Global Research‘s former and present “Research Associates” are William Engdahl [archive] and Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya [archive]. Engdahl, Nazemroaya and Chossudovsky all happen to be on the scientific committee of the Eurasianist journal Geopolitica, whose editor is Tiberio Graziani, a member of the High Council [archive] of Aleksandr Dugin’s International Eurasian Movement. Another “Research Associate” of Global Research is James Petras, an anti-Semitic conspiracy theorist who claims the United States is controlled by “Jewish power” [archive], blames Israel for 9/11 [archive] (while there are valid criticisms of the Israeli state and its policies, this is clearly an anti-Semitic conspiracy theory) and the 2008 financial crisis [archive] on something called the “Zionist Power Configuration”, which appears to be another formulation of the neo-Nazi “Zionist Occupation Government” anti-Semitic conspiracy theory, and has been criticized by leftist writers for this). Petras is [archive] a [archive] regular [archive] on Holocaust denier Kevin Barrett’s show.

Chossudovsky is also a member of the Perdana Global Peace Foundation founded by former Malaysian Prime Minister and virulent anti-Semite Mahathir Mahamad, and collaborated with the Perdana Global Peace Foundation [archive]. Chossudovsky spoke at a conference on the “New World Order” by the Perdana Global Peace Foundation in 2015.

The Global Research website reflects its owner’s present membership within fascist circles, extensively [archive] publishing [archive] 9/11 [archive] conspiracy [archive] theories [archive] as well as a large number of other far-right conspiracist material presented as left-wing analysis (a phenomenon termed Confusionnism by French anti-fascists) such as:

Global Research also reshares posts [archive] from InfoWars [archive] and Global Research is itself [archive] reshared [archive] by Infowars. Chossudovsky himself has been hosted by Alex Jones [archive] as well [archive] and by [archive] The Corbett Report, another conspiracist outlet rambling about the “New World Order“[archive] and the “globalists” [archive] and hosts far-right figures such as Stefan Molyneux [archive]. James Corbett, who runs The Corbett Report, is himself the Film Director and Producer for Global Research TV [archive] and [archive] has been [archive] hosted on RT [archive].

As early as 2007 and 2009, the Centre was publishing conspiracies concerning Syria and oil pipelines by Nazemroaya [archive] and Engdahl [archive], and as soon as the Syrian protest movement started in 2011, Chossudovsky the conspiracist himself advanced it was an imperialist plot to destabilize Syria [archive]. Chossudovsky, who was already a guest of RT since at least 2010 [archive], would be then given a platform on Russia Today, now known as RT, to [archive] voice out [archive] these conspiracies [archive] on multiple occasions [archive].

The SSNP’s Networking

These are the recorded cases of the SSNP’s activity with the participation of other far-right groups I was able to find following the outbreak of the Syrian Revolution:

2011

Already in November 2011, Stefano Bonilauri of Claudio Mutti’s Stato e Potenza (see further below in the section about Kiyul Chung) visited the Assad regime on the behalf of the Coordination of the Eurasia Project, a Duginist organization [archive] (of which he is the director and signed an open letter [archive] to the European Parliament in support of Muammar Gaddafi in March of that year). Ouday Ramadan, the SSNP’s Italian representative, was photographed together with Bonilauri in Damascus.

2012

In April 2012, members of the Italian far-right Zenit Cultural Association (which lists Mutti’s Eurasia journal on its blog [archive], and whose leader Matteo Caponetti also founded the European Solidarity Front for Kosovo [archive]) and Controtempo groups organized [archive] a conference with Jamal Abo Abbas of the Syrian Community in Italy organization and Matteo Bernabei, editor of the far-right newspaper Rinascita. Some weeks later, Abo Abbas and Bernabei led a delegation to Syria which included Filippo Fortunato Pilato, an Italian fascist from Forza Nuova [archive].

In June 2012, Ouday Ramadan, the SSNP’s Italian representative and councillor of the Italian municipality of Cascina for the Party of Italian Communists (which would later rename itself as the Communist Party of Italy and then as the Italian Communist Party), and Filippo Fortunato Pilato, organized a protest in support of Assad whose participants included:

  • Udo Gaudenzi, a former member of Lotta di Popoli and editor of Rinascita
  • Fulvio Grimaldi and Marinella Correggia
  • Guiseppe “Joe” Fallisi, a singer and self-proclaimed Anarchist whose support for Gaddafi and Assad led him to associate with fascists
  • Hilarion Capucci
  • Jamal Abo Abbas
  • Giulietto Chiesa
  • Zenit
  • The European Social Movement
  • Stato e Potenza

In September 2012 [archive], Syrian Free Press, a pro-Assad website ran by Ramadan and Pilato [archive], and the Syrian Community in Italy association, organized a conference where the speakers included [archive]:

  • Ouday Ramadan
  • Hilarion Capucci
  • Ugo Gaudenzi
  • Fernando Rossi
  • Souaid Sbai
  • Mimmo Srour
  • Stefano Bonilauri
  • Joe Fallisi
  • Ernesto Ferrante
  • Alessandro Catalano

Another delegation [archive] led by Ouday Ramadan and including Stefano de Simone and Giovanni Feola, the founders of CasaPound, visited Syria shortly after the chemical attacks that same year.

2013

In June 2013, Ramadan and Pilato led the visit of a delegation to the Assad regime by the European Solidarity Front for Syria (ESFS), a coalition of various fascist organizations united in support for the Assad regime and whose coordinator and responsible is Matteo Caponetti [archive]. The delegation’s participants included:

  • the former Italian Communist Party senator Fernando Rossi
  • Stefano de Simone and Giovanni Feola, the founders of CasaPound
  • Fernando Rossi, a former senator for the Party of Italian Communists
  • Cristiano Perro of Stato e Potenza

In June 2013, a delegation including Bartosz Bekier, the leader of Falanga who had taken part in a pro-Assad demonstration at the invitation of the Syrian embassy in Poland the previous year, Frank Creyelman and Filip Dewinter of Vlaams Belang, Nick Griffin, Roberto Fiore, Luc Michel and Mateusz Piskorski visited Lebanon and met [archive] with the head of the SSNP’s youth branch, Wissam Samia, and members of Hezbollah before visiting Syria where it met the Syrian Prime Minister Wail al-Halki and the Deputy Prime Minister Faisal Mokdad.

In July 2013, the Greek Strasserist group Black Lily, which is part of the ESFS and shares actions [archive] of the ESFS on its blogs [archive], claimed to have sent volunteers in Syria to fight on the side of the Assad regime and Hezbollah [archive].

In September 2013, the ESFS led another delegation [archive] to Syria which was received in the Syrian parliament. Its participants were SSNP member Ouday Ramadan (described as “the ideologue of the Front” in a report), Fernando Rossi, Cristiano Piero of Stato o Potenza, Davide di Stefano and Giovanni Feola of CasaPound. Videos uploaded on Sol.ID’s channel show that Jamal Abo Abbas was also part of the delegation, which was received by high tanking members of the Syrian government.

In November 2013, the Jornadas [archive] de la Disidencia [archive] were organized by the Republican Social Movement (MSR), a Spanish Third Positionist fascist group. Again, the SSNP was among the participants which included:

  • Alexandre Gabriac from Jeunes Nations
  • Jens Puhse from the NPD
  • Pedro Cantero López [archive] from the National-Syndicalist group Authentic Falange
  • Tomislav Sunic
  • Hassan Sakr, the SSNP’s Head of Foreign Affairs
  • Valentin Rusov
  • Aleksandr Dugin
  • The Antigones
  • Ernst Zundel

2014

In 2014, the SSNP received a “fact finding mission” [archive] from the European Solidarity Front for Syria again, the visit being published on Syrian state media [archive].

In 2014, Ouday Ramadan and Claudio Mutti worked together on an Italian translation of Antun Saadeh’s book [archive]

2015

In 2015, the SSNP was one of the various far-right parties who were present at the founding of the World National-Conservative Movement, an attempt at forming an international coalition of fascist organizations.

In June 2015, Hassan Sakr was welcomed [archive] at the European Parliament by the Alliance for Peace and Freedom (APF), and Hassan Sakr spoke at a conference organized [archive] by the APF.

In July 2015, the European Solidarity Front for Syria’s members met with Golden Dawn MEPs at the initiative of Jamal Abo Abbas [archive].

The APF sent a “fact-finding committee” [archive] to Syria in 2015 where they met with members of the Ba’ath Party and the SSNP.

In September 2015, a delegation of the ESFS and the Blocco Studentesco (CasaPound’s youth wing) visited Syria [archive] and attended an International Youth Conference organized in Damascus from the 20th to the 24th of September [archive].

In September 2015, CasaPound’s affiliate Sol.ID organised a “Mediterranean Solidarity” conference in Rome, with the sponsors being Al-Manar (for whom Thierry Meyssan works) and the Syrian Ministry of Tourism (with which Frédéric Chatillon has worked). Among the participants were the following:

  • Rima Fakhri, from the political council of Hezbollah
  • Sayyed Ammar al-Moussaw [archive], the head of Hezbollah’s foreign affairs
  • Alberto Palladino, a CasaPound member who had been convicted for attacking left-wing activists
  • Franco Nerozzi
  • Giovanni Feoli from CasaPound and the responsible of the Italian branch of the European Solidarity Front for Syria
  • Luca Bertoni of the Lombardy-Russia Cultural Association
  • Ouday Ramadan, the Italian representative of the SSNP
  • Hassan Sakr, the SSNP’s Head of Foreign Affairs
  • Mother Agnes Mariam of the Cross

[Note: To seek to appeal to far-right and the far-left alike and forming querfronts, the organizers of the conference also sent an invitation to Maher al-Taher of the Political Bureau of the Popular Front for Palestinian Liberation who rejected the invitation after investigating the organizations and participants of the conference and finding out they were fascists, and condemned its organizers’ misuse and appropriation of the PFLP and of Maher al-Taher’s name [archive].]

[Note: The Syrian Ministry of Tourism has worked with Riwal, a company owned by Frédéric Chatillon, an advisor to Marine Le Pen, former president of the French far-right Groupe Union Defense and an associate of Mustafa Tlass, who headed the Syrian secret services (the same ones reorganized under Hafez al-Assad by Alois Brunner, who trained Tlass – not a coincidence, Tlass has published anti-Semitic blood libel conspiracy theories).]

In November 2015, Sol.ID organized an event where Giovanni Feola of CasaPound, Carlomanno Adinolfi of Primato Nazionale and Jamal Abo Abbas (whom the Italy-based Observatory of Repression notes describes himself as a Syrian fascist) were scheduled to speak. A similar event in Portogruaro has been cancelled after popular mobilization against the fascists.

2016

In February 2016, a delegation by the ESFS led by Giovanni Feola was received by the Syrian Minister of Tourism [archive] and visited Hama [archive].

In 2016, the APF sent a delegation to Syria, meeting with both the Lebanese and Syrian branches of the SSNP, which it called its “sister party” [archive], asserting that their “practical plans really developed”, with future events being planned.

2017

In February 2017, members of Primato Nazionale visited Syria as part of a delegation by Sol.ID and the ESFS to Syria [archive]

In 2017, the Arab American Community Center for Economic and Social Services (AACCESS), whose excutive director Bassam Khawam is a member of the SSNP, funded the fact-finding committee of US Representative Tulsi Gabbard and traveled with her to Syria where she met with Bashar al-Assad. Tulsi Gabbard herself has ties to Steve Bannon, the editor of US far-right publication Breitbart, and is a supporter of India’s far-right Prime Minister Narendra Modi (Gabbard criticized the revocation of Modi’s visa to the US following the anti-Muslim pogroms in the Indian state of Gujarat of which Modi was chief minister in 2002) and his ruling far-right Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and in 2013 Gabbard was hosted at a gala dinner by the India Foundation [archive], a far-right think tank affiliated to the BJP. The BJP is a political wing of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a fascist organization which supported the Axis powers during the Second World War, has been behind increasing violence against Muslims and Christians in India, and which recently moved closer to the regime of Bashar al-Assad while obtaining support from Assad concerning India’s brutal occupation of Kashmir. Among those who accompanied Gabbard to Syria was Dennis Kucinich, whose multiple visits to Syria and meetings with Bashar al-Assad had been arranged by Khawam, who has donated to the campaign of Dennis Kucinich [archive]. Strangely, Kucinich has been hosted by Chossudovsky previously [archive].

The trend among these fascist organizations has been to describe Syria as a secular, sovereign country under attack by an “international Jewish plot” which uses jihadists as footsoldiers, a conspiratorial rhetoric which strangely is echoed among many sections of the Left today. Despite multiple attempts to explain the far-right’s support for Assad over the past years, most of them appear to have focused on the association between Hafez al-Assad and Alois Brunner rather than the role of the SSNP and of the network associated to Thierry Meyssan, from which the initial impulse to reach out to fascists internationally came.

There is also the question of how to approach Hezbollah. Many on the Left rightly supported it as a force of liberation following its brave resistance against the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 2006, however nearly a decade later the nature of Hezbollah has changed, going from resistance movement to mercenary for a fascistic regime, and its channel (which hosts the likes of Thierry [archive] Meyssan [archive], David Duke collaborator Ken [archive] O’Keefe [archive], Kevin [archive] Barrett [archive]) sponsoring conferences of CasaPound.

Mussalaha and Mother Agnes Mariam of the Cross

Another organization part of this network of fascists is Mussalaha, which claims to be a “community-based non-violent popular stemming from within the Syrian civil society” [archive], yet is effectively a creation of the Syrian state [archive] and is under the authority of the Ministry of Reconciliation, which is occupied by Ali Haidar, the leader of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party [archive], thus being a front for both the Assad regime and for the same SSNP which is cultivating ties with many fascist organizations all across Europe.

Mussalaha’s representative is Mother Agnes Mariam of the Cross, a Carmelite nun who had previously worked with and is close friends with Jocelyne Khoueiry [archive], a member of Kataeb (Lebanese Phalangists) who were allied to the Israeli forces and responsible for the Sabra and Shatila massacre during the Lebanese Civil War (Hillary Clinton campaign aide Peter Daou was a member of Kataeb during the war [archive]). Mother Agnes Mariam has been described as an instrument of Assad’s regime by Father Paolo Dall’Oglio, a Jesuit priest who worked with the non-sectarian grassroots opposition to the Assad regime.

Mother Agnes’ promoters include the Rassemblement pour la Syrie, a French organization whose activities include:

Mother Agnes-Mariam herself has been hosted [archive] by Civitas (on whose channel are featured interviews by fascist Alain Soral [archive] and “Freemason plot” conspiracy theories [archive]) and by TV Libertes [archive], a far-right confusionnist French channel founded by former French National Front members and by Phillipe Miliau, a former member of Alain De Benoist’s GRECE and former member of the Bloc Identitaire, a far-right European New Right organization.

[Note: Civitas has worked with [archive] Kataeb and SOS Chrétiens d’Orient, a far-right Catholic fundamentalist group close to the National Front which was responsible for arranging the delegation of far-right French politicians to Syria in 2016, led by Thierry Mariani, co-founder of The Popular Right (the hard right wing of Les Républicains) and which included Julien Rochedy, the former national director of the French National Front’s youth wing.]

Among the events Mother Agnes participated in are a conference promoted by Dieudonne’s and Alain Soral’s Egalite et Reconciliation fascist party and attended by John Laughland [archive] (the Director of Studies of the Institute of Democracy and Cooperation of Natalia Narochnitskaya [archive]) and conferences [archive] by Laughland’s and Narochnitskaya’s think tank [archive]. Both Laughland and Narochnitskaya are on the Scientific Committee of Geopolitica together with Chossudovsky, Chauprade, Engdahl and Nazemroaya (Narochnitskaya is also a member of the Izborsky Club [archive]).

Thierry Meyssan has interviewed [archive] and published Mother Agnes Mariam [archive] on his website as early as May 2011 itself [archive], around two months after the start of the protest movement in Syria, which makes it not surprising at all that Mother Agnes Mariam then claimed the Ghouta chemical attacks were “false flag” attacks, even as Syrian activist Razan Zaitouneh, who was present in Ghouta, documented them to be real and done by the Assad regime.

Global Research has platformed [archive] her after republishing an article quoting Mother Agnes Mariam by Marie-Ange Patrizio [archive], a “journalist” of Meyssan’s Voltaire Network [archive].

Mother Agnes has also been interviewed [archive] by the LaRouche Movement [archive] twice in 2013, and by the UK Column [archive], another confusionnist media platform which posts Soros conspiracy theories [archive], Rothschild conspiracy theories [archive], and rails about [archive] the “globalists” [archive] and is affiliated to the British Constitutional Group [archive], a right-wing anti-EU organization header by Roger Hayes, himself a former UKIP member. In 2015, Mother Agnes also spoke at a conference by CasaPound.

These associations and the nature of Mussalaha as I explored in the above sections clearly position Mother Agnes-Mariam as a member of the far-right with fascist connections, so how did she manage to mislead peace activists involved in laudable causes into supporting a fascistic regime?

The answer lies in a certain Alan Lonergan, who is apparently involved in Irish-Palestian solidarity and is on the board of Sadaka [archive], the Irish Palestinian Alliance. However Lonergan is also the European Media Representative of the Perdana Global Peace Foundation [archive] of Mahathir Mohamad who is a virulent anti-Semite (Lonergan’s Twitter account unsurprisingly reveals a fondness for conspiracist media, especially Global Research), and of which Michel Chossudovsky is also a member. Lonergan arranged for Mother Agnes Mariam to meet Susan Dirgham and for her to visit Ireland [archive] in 2012, where she met Mairead Maguire. In Ireland, Mother Agnes Mariam was received by Sinn Fein deputy Sean Crowe at the Leinster House [archive], an event attended by a certain “Philipo Pilato”, called an Italian journalist though this is strangely the name of the same Forza Nuova member who organized pro-Assad protests and delegations and of whom a blog post was reshared by Global Research [archive] while the blog of Pilato’s own fascist Catholic fundamentalist Group for the Liberation of the Holy Land organization features the interview of Mother Agnes Mariam by Thierry Meyssan [archive] – Pilato appears to have also been a signatory of a petition by Lonergan’s organization [archive].

[Note: I might be stating the obvious here by saying that we must be firm in our commitment to stand in solidarity with the Palestinian people against the colonial Israeli state (I myself support the One-State Solution proposed by Ahmad Sa’adat, the Secretary General of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine), while also being wary of attempts by fascists and anti-Semites who try infiltrating our movements and fighting these reactionaries. A struggle rooted in principled anti-racism fights against the nationalist and colonialist ideology of Zionism and against anti-Semitism, and against both imperialism and fascism.]

Mother Agnes Mariam of the Cross thus led a Mussalaha “peace” delegation to Syria in 2013 including Maguire, Paul Larudee, Michael Maloof (senior writer for far-right website World Net Daily),Tim King (editor of Salem-News, a conspiracist [archive], Holocaust denying [archive] and virulently [archive] anti-Semitic website [archive]), and Marinella Correggia (an Italian journalist who runs Sibialiria [archive], a pro-Assad website promoting Mother Agnes Mariam [archive] and her Mussalaha [archive] since at least 2012, and linking to conspiracist websites such as Apophenia, the French format of Global Research, NSNBC, and WhoWhatWhy; Coreggia herself had been present to far-right demonstrations in support of Assad the previous year).

[Note: Paul Larudee’s report whitewashes Maloof’s and King’s backgrounds while mentioning that Mussalaha’s president is Hassan Yaacoub, a member of the Free Patriotic Movement party headed by Michel Aoun, itself allied to Hezbollah. This alliance, known as the March 8 Alliance, also includes the Lebanese branch of the SSNP and the Lebanese branch of the Syrian Ba’ath Party.]

Mother Agnes Mariam was scheduled to speak at the International Antiwar Conference by the Stop The War Coalition in November 2013, but withdrew after Owen Jones and Jeremy Scahill refused to speak at the conference if Mother Agnes Mariam were to be present. Coincidence or not, Declan Hayes, a contributor to Katehon [archive], posted pictures on his blog [archive] of him meeting Jeremy Corbyn, with Mother Agnes Mariam present at the event (while Corbyn himself should not be blamed for the actions of a fascist entryist, this is nevertheless still legitimately worrying). The next year, Hayes and Mother Agnes Mariam welcomed a visit by Mairead Maguire to Syria [archive] sponsored by the Unified Union of United Ummah, an Iranian NGO.

In 2015, Mairead Maguire led another delegation to Syria [archive], on the invitation of Mother Agnes Mariam, Patriarch Gregorios III and Sheikh Sharif al-Martini, a member of the Mussalaha. Among the other members of the delegation were Sharmine Narwani (a “journalist” who works with Holocaust deniers – see below), Feroze Mithiborwala (a 9/11 Truther [archive], who believes the 2008 Mumbai attacks were a CIA-FBI-Mossad conspiracy [archive] and claims that Osama bin Laden has been dead since 2001 [archive] – Mithiborwala unsurprisingly uses Engdahl as source in his writing [archive]), Maria Monomenova (a collaborator of the KPRF and of Leonid Ivashov who has worked at his Academy of Geopolitical Problems [archive] and writes for the Russian Folk Line, which openly advocates for Orthodoxy, Autocracy and Nationality (the state ideology of the Tsar Nicholas I) – Russian Folk Line’s editor-in-chief Anatoly Stepanov [archive] is also the Deputy Chairman of the Saint Petersburg branch of the Izborsk Club [archive]). Alan Lonergan was also listed as a delegate but could not go to Syria and instead acted as Press Officer for the delegation in Beirut.

[Note: this is not an attack on Máiread Maguire’s work for peace in Ireland. This is a critique on how activists with a good history of genuine activism were misled by a fascist entryist posing as a peace activist due to campist politics within the Left, where the war in Syria is one of the most contentious issues, with various leftists from various tendencies taking various positions on the war, going from uncritically supporting all opposition to Assad to uncritically supporting Assad himself, with more principled leftists who oppose both Assad and the reactionary elements of the opposition being stuck in between.]

Some Strange Stalinist Parties

The Workers World Party (WWP)

The Workers World Party is a small Stalinist party formed out of a faction led by Sam Marcy which split in 1958 from the Socialist Workers Party, a US Trotskyist party, due to disagreements between Marcy’s faction’s support for the Chinese revolution and the Soviet crushing of the Hungarian revolution, which was at odds with the positions of the SWP.

The WWP adheres to a crude form of “anti-imperialism” whereby it does not only oppose the United States’ imperialism, but instead dogmatically aligns itself with and offers absolute uncritical support for any entity opposed, at least nominally, to the US no matter how oppressive and reactionary that entity might be, a tendency whose adherents are commonly labelled as “campists“, “tankies” or “anti-imps” within leftist jargon (a more principled radical would instead agree that the United States is indeed an oppressive reactionary capitalist, settler-colonial, racist and imperialist entity which must be opposed, but that many of its opponents are also reactionary and oppressive forces, and that one can stand against US warmongering and against these governments and states). The WWP hence went to the lengths of supporting the Tiananmen Square massacre [archive] and later denying it [archive], defending [archive] the Khmer Rouge [archive] until 2000 [archive], Idi Amin [archive], Slobodan [archive] Milosevic [archive] multiple [archive] times [archive] (more [archive] here [archive]) as well as Radovan Karadzic [archive], Ratko Mladic [archive] and denying [archive] the Bosnian [archive] genocide [archive], glorifying Saddam Hussein [archive] and denying the Kurdish genocide and the Halabja massacre [archive] committed by him (with US support) instead of merely opposing the invasion of Iraq by the US, uncritically supporting [archive] the sectarian insurgency (which included elements which later evolved into Da’esh and the Nusra Front) in Iraq even as it was killing Sufis and Shi’a and attacking leftists, and calling it the “Iraqi resistance” while Iraqi leftists were opposing both the US occupation and the insurgency. Far from stopping war, these grotesque positions of the WWP weakened the US anti-war movement by splitting it and provided the propagandists for the invasion of Iraq, such as former Trotskyist turned neoconservative Christopher Hitchens, with ammunition to attack the whole of the anti-war movement.

The WWP sent members [archive] to support Milosevic [archive] during the Yugoslav War and later sent a delegate to a grouping of Stalinist parties supporting the “Iraqi resistance” [archive] organized by Subhi Toma, an associate of neo-fascist Thierry Meyssan [archive].

The WWP has been quoting Michel Chossudovsky since the 90s [archive] to defend Milosevic [archive] and is on record for using William Engdahl’s book A Century of War: Anglo-American Politics and the New World Order, whose title betrays an obvious LaRouchite ideological underpinning, as source concerning Myanmar [archive], which might also explain why its publications in the wake of Bush’s invasion of Afghanistan [archive] were no different from Engdahl’s conspiracies based about oil and geopolitics [archive].

This might also explain why the WWP dismissed the 2009 election fraud allegations in Iran and subsequent protests [archive] even as Global Research was publishing similar conspiracies by anti-Semitic conspiracy theorist James Petras [archive] also published by Petras on neo-fascist Thierry Meyssan’s Voltaire Network [archive].

These doctrinaire positions of the WWP, as well as its authoritarian tendencies, opportunist strategies, willingness to cooperate with the police [archive] and tendency to attempt to control the coalitions it is part through authoritarian and undemocratic methods means it needs to resort to front groups. One such front group was Act Now to Stop War and End Racism (abbreviated as A.N.S.W.E.R. or the ANSWER Coalition) and when the WWP experienced a split which resulted in the formation of the Party for Socialism and Liberation (PSL) in 2004, the ANSWER Coalition became an affiliate of the PSL.

The WWP, Ramsey Clark and LaRouche

Another such front group [archive] of the WWP is the International Action Center (IAC), founded by the former US attorney Ramsey Clark [archive] and which he co-directs with WWP leader Sara Flounders. Ramsey Clark is a strange figure, having served as Attorney General under the administration of US president Lyndon Johnson, during which he was responsible for the creation of the Interdivisional Information Unit to coordinate the FBI’s COINTELPRO and the CIA’s Operation MHCHAOS (under which leftist groups like the Black Panther Party, the Revolutionary Action Movement, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, the Students for a Democratic Society, army deserters and the anti-war press were targeted) and indicted Benjamin Spock for advocating draft resistance during the Vietnam War. Clark retired from the political arena after Johnson dropped out of the Presidential elections in 1968, and adopted a policy of supporting, advising and defending war criminals and fascists opposed to the US such as:

Following the trial of LaRouche, Clark went from being mere legal representative to full supporter of LaRouche, and the Schiller Institute flew him to a conference organized by LaRouche’s movement in Copenhagen in 1990 where he gave a speech in support of LaRouche painting him as a victim of vilification by the US government because he was supposedly a “danger to the system” [archive]. Around this same time, Clark remained silent about the LaRouchites’ use of his name to insert themselves in the mobilization against the Gulf War, thus enabling LaRouche’s infiltration of the anti-war movement.

Clark traveled with WWP delegations to support Milosevic during the Yugoslav War [archive], attended Milosevic’s funeral in 2006 together with General Leonid Ivashov, Gennady Zyuganov and Sergey Baburin [archive] (then a co-leader of Rodina), co-signed an open letter together with Baburin [archive] in March 2009 in opposition to the independence of Kosovo before attending a pro-Milosevic rally by Serbian ultra-nationalists [archive] in April of that same year. Clark presently co-chairs of the International Committee to Defend Slobodan Milosevic together with fascist Baburin [archive], who is himself also on the Scientific Committee of Eurasianist journal Geopolitica together with Chauprade, Engdahl, Chossudovsky, Narochnitskaya and Nazemroaya, and on the Scientific Committee of Eurasia with Engdahl and Dugin..

Clark is still associated with the WWP [archive] while also simultaneously maintaining his ties to the LaRouche network, having spoken to multiple LaRouche events in 2014 [archive], and in September 2016, the Schiller Institute held a “Securing World Peace Through Embracing the Common Aims of Mankind” conference whose speakers included:

  • Helga Zepp-LaRouche
  • Jeffrey Steinberg
  • Ramsey Clark [archive]
  • Richard Black, a State Senator for the US state of Virginia
  • Bashar Jaafari, the Syrian Ambassador to the United Nations [archive]
  • US Congressman Walter Jones

Cynthia McKinney

Another crypto-fascist the WWP has worked with is Cynthia McKinney, a former US Congressperson for the Democratic Party with a history of 9/11 conspiracism and outright anti-Semitism. McKinney has been close to the vice-president of the LaRouche Movement’s Schiller Institute [archive] Amelia Boynton Robinson [archive] since 2005, and in 2009 she wrote an article blaming George Soros of plotting to install a “one-world government” [archive] (another form of far-right “New World Order” conspiracy theories) before later blaming the “Zionists” for her electoral failure after she ran for the 2008 US Presidential elections as candidate for the US Green Party (which was endorsed by the WWP [archive]).

In 2009 itself, McKinney attended a conference by the Perdana foundation of Mahamad Mahathir, the former Prime Minister of Malaysia (whose advisor Matthias Chang she had quoted in her Soros conspiracy article). Cynthia McKinney praised Mahathir on the website of the Green Party and was photographed in company of Holocaust deniers David Pidcock and Michele Renouf.

In 2011, McKinney led a delegation to Libya which included Ramsey Clark and conspiracy theorist Wayne Madsen [archive] where she spoke on Libyan state television, and which was broadcast on Chossudovsky’s Global Research TV [archive]. Neo-fascists Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya and Thierry Meyssan (who was a contributor to Eurasia [archive], a journal whose editor is neo-fascist Claudio Mutti, a close associate of Dugin and the founder of the pro-Gaddafi Italian-Libyan Friendship Society) and RT journalist Lizzie Phelan were all present in Libya that same year [archive].

Following the delegation, McKinney worked together [archive] with Michel Chossudovsky, conspiracist Wayne Madsen, Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya (who was present in Libya together with Thierry Meyssan that same year) on a speaking tour [archive] at the same time the WWP’s International Action Center [archive] and the PSL’s ANSWER coalition were organizing her tour whose participants [archive] included Ramsey Clark, former member of the WWP and co-founder and leader of the PSL Brian Becker and representatives of the Nation of Islam (which was one of the many far-right groups funded by Gaddafi, had worked with LaRouche in the 90s and was already moving close to the Church of Scientology at that time), including [archive] Louis Farrakhan. This prompted a number of Palestinian activists to condemn her position and the ANSWER Coalition prevented Libyans from attending her speaking tour because they opposed McKinney’s pro-Gaddafi positions.

Sara Flounders and Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya later both contributed to McKinney’s book on Libya [archive], published by Clarity Press, a publisher which lists Global Research as its partner website [archive], features books from multiple conspiracy theorists [archive] such as James Petras and Paul Craig Roberts and published Nazemroaya’s book The Globalization of NATO [archive], prefaced by Dennis Halliday, a former United Nations official who presently works with Mahathir’s foundation [archive]. The board of Clarity Press includes Chandra Muzaffar [archive], another associate of Mahathir’s foundation [archive].

In November 2012, McKinney as well as Michel Chossudovsky [archive], spoke at a conference [archive], opened by conspiracist James Corbett [archive], by Mahathir’s foundation again, where she framed the war in Syria in the context of anti-Semitic 9/11 conspiracy theories. The next month McKinney and Sara Flounders were both part of a delegation [archive] to Pakistan.

More recent anti-Semitic incidents by McKinney include her promoting [archive] and meeting [archive] Dieudonné, promoting the “Dancing Israelis” 9/11 conspiracy theory [archive] and posting a Global Research article full of anti-Semitic “Rothschild” conspiracy theories on her Facebook [archive]. She has also openly voiced out conspiracy theories concerning the Boston Marathon bombings [archive].

The expected result of McKinney’s flirtations with Holocaust deniers, National Bolsheviks and associates of LaRouche has been that she took on the label of “Alt Left” and allied with Robert David Steele, a former CIA official who openly describes himself as a member of the so-called “Alt-Right” neo-fascist movement, with the aim of fighting the “deep state” in support of Donald Trump, a red-brown initiative named “Unrig” which she promoted on the show of Holocaust denier Kevin Barrett [archive] (on whose show she had already been hosted previously in 2014 [archive]).

The impact of Cynthia McKinney on the US Green Party has been lastingly negative, with its 2016 Presidential candidate Jill Stein sharing the oil pipeline conspiracy theory on Twitter [archive] and being hosted by live on RT by Vladimir Putin (a move which was condemned by Russian Green activists) under whom Russian human rights activists, anti-fascists and Anarchists have faced persecution (something which even members of the red-brown Stalinist opposition groups have experienced), and Jill Stein’s vice-presidential candidate Ajamu Baraka being hosted [archive] by Kevin [archive] Barrett [archive].

While the claims of American liberals that Stein is a “Russian asset” are clearly conspiracy mongering meant to deflect from Hillary Clinton’s electoral loss due to her own mediocrity as a neoliberal candidate by scapegoating third party voters, Stein’s and Baraka’s actions do beg the question of what kind of Left does the Green Party represent: one which opposes American war-mongering while also being internationalists who oppose oppression all around the world, or one which exists in opposition to the American establishment only and is willing to be lenient towards other human rights abusers and oppressors if they are opposed to the US? After all, as writes Russian Marxist Ilya Matveev, the very idea that the Russian government of Vladimir Putin might be anti-capitalist and anti-imperialist is pure propaganda with no basis in reality since it is itself thoroughly neoliberal. What is required from leftists around the world is neither support for the Russian right-wing capitalist government nor to give in to Russophobic hate [archive] as is nowadays being promoted by liberals who seem to have become clones of Louise Mensch who see “Russian agents” everywhere, but instead solidarity with the Russian people on an internationalist basis.

The Party For Socialism And Liberation (PSL)

The Party for Socialism and Liberation (PSL) is an offshoot of the Workers World Party formed in 2004 by former leaders of the WWP who nevertheless still defend Sam Marcy, his ideology and the WWP. The PSL therefore maintains a similar a reactionary campist worldview and the same analysis as its parent organization on the Tiananmen [archive] Square massacre [archive], Slobodan Milosevic [archive], Radovan Karadzic [archive] and Yugoslavia [archive], going as far as to condemn Iraqi Communists for not supporting the same sectarian insurgency the WWP supported [archive]. Like the WWP, the PSL’s website also often [archive] quotes [archive] Global [archive] Research [archive] as [archive] source [archive].

Despite the PSL being nominally a separate party from the WWP, it appears to have been working extensively enough with the WWP, especially as of 2011, that one might suspect the PSL could be acting as another WWP front. Already in 2005, ANSWER’s anti-war rally featured Ramsey Clark and Brian Becker as speakers [archive], and ANSWER’s 2010 rally against Islamophobia featured Cynthia McKinney and Ramsey Clark [archive] as speakers, and Clark was again hosted by the PSL at one of their talks later that same year [archive]. In 2011 the WWP’s International Action Center [archive] and the PSL’s ANSWER sponsored Cynthia McKinney’s and Ramsey Clark’s tour [archive], and in 2012 the PSL’s teach-in for the anniversary of the Iraq War hosted Ramsey Clark [archive] and the PSL’s Ben Becker was present at the WWP’s talks on Syria [archive]. In September 2013, the IAC and ANSWER Coalition organized protests together [archive]. In May 2017 the PSL’s ANSWER Coalition hosted the screening of a documentary about the life on Ramsey Clark [archive], and in November that year commemorations for the hundredth anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution at the WWP’s headquarters featured Larry Holmes of the WWP, Ben Becker of the PSL [archive].

The Strange Case Of Sputnik Radio

Brian Becker, the aforementioned co-founder and co-leader of the PSL and National Coordinator for the ANSWER Coalition happens to have a show, called Loud & Clear on Sputnik (whose French branch openly collaborates with far-right members in the orbit of the National Front and GRECE), which premiered in December 2015. Becker’s fellow PSL member Walter Smolarek is a producer for the show, former CIA officer (whose mission involved spying on Communists and nowadays appears on Infowars [archive]) John Kiriakou has been co-hosting Loud & Clear with Becker from September 2017. Despite Becker being a self-proclaimed socialist, individuals associated to the far-right or conspiracists who appear on his show include:

[Addenum: Twitter user dotcommunism also wrote a Medium post concerning Brian Becker’s guests, which I strongly encourage reading.]

[Note: Ryan Dawson, the Holocaust denier, has also been platformed as expert on RT concerning Syria [archive] and Ukraine [archive].]

[Note: McGovern and Kiriakou were also the co-signatories of an open letter denying the Syrian government’s responsibility for the 2013 Ghouta chemical attacks. Among the other signatories was Philip Giraldi, who adheres to the anti-Semitic conspiracy theory claiming that Jews “drive America’s wars” [archive].].

The positions of most of these guests consists mainly of support for Novorossiya, Brexit, Vladimir Putin, Donald Trump (this is not an attempt to deliberate on “RussiaGate”, with respect to which I take no position) and the regime of Bashar al-Assad in Syria, whom they see as the opponent of a “Jewish plot” to create the “New World Order”, and opposition to Hillary Clinton which is rooted in anti-Semitic conspiracy theories painting her as the tool of “George Soros” or “globalists” rather than in radical anti-capitalism (reminiscent of conspiracy theories circulated by both conspiracist outlets [archive] and the Russian government concerning the 2011 Bolotnaya Square Protests as well as with those of William Engdahl, Webster Tarpley, John Laughland [archive] and Thierry Meyssan about the causes of the Arab Spring). Which begs the question: why do Becker and Smolarek platform fascists and reactionaries on their show when there are many radical leftists with very valid criticisms of Hillary Clinton and American war mongering and imperialism? Is it because most leftists not affiliated to the PSL’s brand of reactionary anti-imperialism have more nuanced positions than active support for reactionary oppressive states and governments?

It also raises serious questions concerning left-wing journalists who recently joined RT, a channel which has consistently platformed all sorts of fascists since its inception. Sameera Khan [archive], a former surrogate for Bernie Sanders who recently became a RT correspondent, for example, is also a columnist [archive] for the Holocaust-denying American Herald Tribune [archive] (which was also listed in her Twitter account’s bio at one point).

And there is Rania Khalek, with whose Palestine solidarity work I sympathize, but who went from supporting the civil resistance in Syria to being scheduled to speak at NGOs owned by Bashar al-Assad’s father-in-law, defending the SSNP [archive] “because of its secularism” (the New Atheist movement comes to mind as another secular reactionary ideology) even as it has been linking up with fascists all over Europe for nearly a decade now, and mocking Syrian Marxists on Twitter because “her friends laughed at his work” [archive] (while Lebanese leftist groups agree with said Syrian Marxist’s positions). Khalek furthermore works for Redfish, an outlet initially presenting itself as a “grassroots initiative” which was recently exposed as a subsidiary of Ruptly, RT’s video on demand agency [archive], and is headed by Elizabeth Cocker [archive] (more commonly known as Lizzie Phelan), a former correspondent for RT and the Iranian state-owned television channel PressTV, who was together with Thierry Meyssan and Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya in Tripoli in 2011 [archive], has previously quoted Voltaire Network conspiracies as source on Syria.

Benjamin Norton, former writer for America liberal outlet Salon, also comes to mind, having deleted his past criticisms of Assad and now chitchatting with National Bolsheviks [archive] and the associates of Holocaust deniers [archive] on Sputnik while slandering Syrian Communists online [archive]. Then there is Max Blumenthal, who resigned from al-Akhbar to protest its support for the Assad regime but has recently been accused of plagiarizing the work of a conspiracy theorist concerning the White Helmets (Syrian Christian activists have condemned Blumenthal for this).

How can we trust these journalists who work for and defend an outlet which has been promoting conspiracy theories, Holocaust deniers, National Bolsheviks and white nationalists from its inception? RT‘s own pathetic defense after an obscure and shady anonymous group leveled accusations of “Russian propaganda” at certain outlets included pulling a stunt “grilling” Paul Craig Roberts [archive] who himself believes that Russia is “resisting globalism” [archive] (Roberts has repeated these conspiracies on the Richie [archive] Allen [archive] Show [archive], and is himself a regular [archive] RT [archive] contributor [archive] who writes for Katehon [archive], believes in 9/11 conspiracy theories [archive], Soros conspiracy theories [archive], the “white genocide” conspiracy theory [archive], and defends conspiracy theories claiming America is “controlled by Jews” [archive])?

[Note: Other regular guests on Becker’s show, especially concerning American internal politics, include mostly members of his own party, such as Sarah Sloan, John Beecham and Nino Brown of the PSL-affiliated ANSWER Coalition, Brian Becker’s brother and PSL co-founder Richard Becker, the PSL’s 2016 presidential candidate for the 2016 US Presidential elections Gloria La Riva, Mike Prysner, who also produces and co-writes Abby Martin’s Empire Files show for left wing channel TeleSUR (and disaproved [archive] of Jeremy Scahill’s refusal to share a platform with Mother Agnes Mariam). Eugene Puryear, the PSL’s vice presidential nominee for the 2008 and 2016 US Presidential elections, is a regular guest on Becker’s show and himself also has a show on Sputnik called By Any Means Necessary. The implication is that Becker’s show is not only a platform for open fascists, but also one to promote his own party, which is consistent with its history of opportunism which included sabotaging socialists by helping place Roseanne Barr on the Presidential ballot for the Peace and Freedom Party.]

Red-brown behavior is not limited to the PSL’s leadership, as the online activities of its members show a disturbing streak of far-right conspiracism. This includes linking to the Boulevard Voltaire [archive] (a far-right website which publishes Alain de Benoist [archive], support for Marine Le Pen [archive] and promotes Soros conspiracy theories [archive]), South [archive] Front [archive] (an openly far-right website which publishes Rothschild conspiracy theories [archive], supports Infowars [archive], shares articles by Aleksandr Dugin [archive] and Israel Shamir [archive] and is affiliated to the Holocaust-denying Veterans Today and to New Eastern Outlook) repeatedly [archive]. Also prevalent among the PSL’s members and affiliates is the belief that the People’s Protection Units (YPG) is an imperialist [archive] Zionist [archive] proxy [archive] ethnically cleansing Arabs [archive] supposedly “cooperating with Da’esh” to serve the aim of creating a “Greater Kurdistan” for American interests, which is also a point pushed by William [archive] Engdahl [archive], Thierry [archive] Meyssan [archive], and [archive] by [archive] Duginists [archive].

[Note: The İşçi Partisi (Workers’ Party). later rebranded as the Vatan Partisi (Patriotic Party), is a Turkish party which adheres to an idiosyncratic mixture of Maoism and Kemalism. The Vatan Partisi denies the Armenian Genocide and claims it is an “imperialist lie” [archive], and believes the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) has been controlled by the United States since the Gulf War and claims it is a proxy by which the US seeks to create a “second Israel” in the form of a “Greater Kurdistan” [archive], and believes the PYD and the YPG are “tools of the US” who supposedly “collaborate with Da’esh against Syria” [archive]. Its leader, Doğu Perinçek, joined the Supreme Council of Aleksandr Dugin’s International Eurasian Movement in 2003 [archive] and is openly sympathetic to Eurasianism [archive].

While the Vatan Partisi was an enemy of Turkey’s ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) for years and considered the Islamists as puppets of the imperialist West, there has been a rapprochement between the AKP and the Vatan Partisi parties more recently, and Ismail Hakki Pekin, the Deputy Chairman [archive] and Chairman of the Bureau of International Relations [archive] of the Vatan Partisi has been involved in back channel diplomacy between Ankara and Damascus. After Turkey shot down a Russian war plane in 2015, Pekin was part of a group of members from the Vatan Partisi who, on unofficial request from the AKP, flew to Moscow in December 2015 and participated in talks with Russian officers and Konstantin Malofeyev organized by Dugin to defuse the situation, something which Dugin himself also asserts. During the meeting with Malofeyev, him and Dugin warned of a coup attempt in Russia, and Dugin himself had given an interview to Turkish state-run TRT Haber supporting Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s decision to mend ties with Russia mere hours before the start of the failed coup attempt of July 2016, which Dugin claimed was an attempt by the US and “globalists” to prevent Russia’s rapprochement with Turkey. On the 2nd of October 2016, a delegation including Hasan Cengiz (president and advisor of the Eurasian Local Authorities Union and and Ahmet Tunc, the advisor of the Mayor of Ankara, participated in a meeting in Moscow with Aleksandr Dugin, who claimed he had saved Turkey from the coup by warning the authorities of suspicious activity in the army. In November 2016, Dugin arranged [archive] for a delegation led by Cengiz including Tunc, Ibrahim Erilli (a representative of Ergodan) and Erdogan’s cousin and assistant Mehmet Mutlu to visit Crimea.

Fascist conspiracist outlet Infowars has also aired conspiracy theories about supposed links between the YPG and Da’esh [archive] and, by extension, formulated conspiracy theories [archive] attempting to smear anti-fascists as Da’esh collaborators [archive], and “Alt-Right” neo-fascist Jack Posobiec has repeated these conspiracies [archive] to attempt smearing anti-fascists as Da’esh collaborationists [archive] as well. The Voltaire Network has published similar conspiracy theories [archive] and attempted to present the radical leftists supporting the YPG in Syria as a “CIA plot” [archive].]

One ludicrous incident happened when the Democratic Socialists of America (DSA) published a statement of solidarity with the Syrian Revolution. Although the statement explicitly called for supporting the Local Coordination Committees (LCC), local councils which, as Palestinian Anarchist Budour Hassan and Syrian Anarchist Leila al-Shami have extensively explained, had been created by members of the Syrian popular movement based on a template by Omar Aziz (an Anarchist who was previously a member of the Syrian Democratic People’s Party and was tortured to death by the Assad regime) and which have been involved in organizing popular protests against al-Nusra in Syria (LCC activist and co-founder Razan Zaitouneh was kidnapped in 2013, with Saudi-backed jihadist group Jaysh al-Islam as main suspect), the response on social media to the statement of solidarity was met with kneejerk responses from members of the PSL accusing the DSA [archive] of supporting al-Nusra [archive] (the irony being that in 2004 the PSL had condemned Iraqi Communists for not supporting the very jihadists who later became Da’esh and al-Nusra while actual Syrian revolutionaries denounce al-Nusra as a counter-revolutionary reactionary force), thus echoing the fascists their party’s founders associate with.

Even more ridiculous incidents followed the outbreak of protests in Iran in late December 2017, where Iranian Communists and Anarchists advocated for supporting the protests while the PSL issued a statement delegitimizing them, and Twitter users primarily affiliated to the PSL could be seen characterizing the protests as “regime change operations” [archive], “color revolutions” [archive] and other similar ludicrous conspiracy theories [archive] one could find within various [archive] conspiracist [archive], far-right [archive] and [archive] neo-fascist [archive] media outlets.

The Freedom Road Socialist Organization (FRSO)

The FRSO started as a Marxist-Leninist tendency within a former Marxist organization also called the Freedom Road Socialist Organization, which split in 1999, with two splinter groups both taking on the FRSO name, one group having a Stalinist position with a website at frso.org, while the non-Stalinist FRSO website is (freedomroad.org).

The FRSO splinter group I analyze here is the frso.org group, which maintains similar positions as the WWP and the PSL on the Tiananmen Square Massacre [archive], Yugoslavia [archive] and Milosevic [archive], Saddam Hussein [archive], simultaneously denied and attempted to justify the Anfal genocide by Saddam Hussein on Iraqi Kurds [archive] and also uncritically supported the “Iraqi resistance” [archive]. The logical implication of these reactionary doctrinaire positions is that that the FRSO gravitated towards the WWP [archive] and the PSL and cooperates with them, including on the topic of Syria [archive]. In 2014, Dustin Ponder from the FRSO was a participant of the IAC’s teach-in on the “New Cold War” [archive] which featured Ramsey Clark, Larry Holmes and Sara Flounders from the WWP, and conspiracy theorist Ray McGovern. More recently, FRSO member Michela Martinazzi spoke at the commemoration of the hundredth anniversary of the Russian Revolution [archive] organized by the Workers World Party, which also included Brian Becker of the PSL and Larry Holmes of the WWP as speakers.

In June 2014, a delegation which included [archive], among others, Joe Iosbaker of the FRSO, Scott Williams of the IAC, and Paul Larudee of the Syria Solidarity Movement (see later in this post), traveled to Syria to act as election observers. They were hosted by the International Union of Unified Ummah [archive], an Iranian NGO which appears [archive] to be the same “Unified Union of Unified Ummah” which sponsored Mairead Maguire’s visit to Syria that same year. The manager of the International Union of Unified Ummah is Salim Ghafouri [archive], who in 2016 became director of the Sima Documentary Network [archive] of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB), appointed by Morteza Mirbagheri, the Vice President of the IRIB [archive] and head of the Social Commission of the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution [archive]. This proximity of Ghafouri to the Iranian establishment raises questions about whether his organization could be a Government-Organized Non-Governmental Organization (GONGO) instead.

The Workers’ Party of Belgium

Out of the student movement of the 1960s was born the Workers’ Party of Belgium (PTB-PVDA), initially led by former Flemish nationalist Ludo Martens and organized around a publication named Alle macht aan de arbeiders (“All Power to the Workers”) during which it adhered to a crude form of “Mao-Stalinism”, supported the Khmer Rouge and the Angolan UNITA movement (which was supported by China, North Korea, apartheid South Africa and the United States during the Angolan Civil War against the MPLA supported by the Soviet Union and Cuba), and had an anti-union policy according to which it called on workers to leave unions and join autonomous red workers’ groups instead. This was only the start of a number of ideological zigzags the PTB-PVDA went through; after Mao’s death, it tried to transform into a more “mainstream” communist party and in 1979 it held its first congress where it adopted a program oriented towards Maoism, changed its name to The Workers’ Party of Belgium, adopted more flexible policies, especially towards unions, while denouncing the Soviet Union’s social imperialism and calling Cuba a “fifth column”. This changed when the PTB-PVDA threw its support behind Romania’s National-Communist leader Nicolae Ceausescu and supported the crushing of the Tiananmen Square protests, and later supported Radovan Karadzic. Martens, who was chairman of the PTB-PVDA from 1971 until he fell ill in 2008, and was ideologue of the party until his death in 2011, was a major Stalin apologist and wrote Another View of Stalin, meant to rehabilitate Stalin, and founded the International Communist Seminar (annually attended by the FRSO and occasionally by the WWP) in 1992 with the intention of uniting what he considered to be the four tendencies (pro-Soviet, pro-China, pro-Cuba, pro-Albania) of the Marxist-Leninist movement. In 1994 Martens met Kim Il-Sung, the PTB-PVDA back then bragging about Martens being the last foreigner to have met Kim il-Sung.

Another prominent member of the PTB-PVDA is Michel Collon, whose position on the War in Yugoslavia was not limited to mere opposition to NATO’s bombing but instead went to the extent of denying the crimes of Serbian nationalists in the Yugoslav War and working with the WWP to defend Milosevic [archive] (after which the WWP has regularly associated [archive] with Collon). Collon seems to have become a member of the red-brown network from then on, attending Thierry Meyssan’s Axis For Peace conference in 2005 [archive] while claiming to be a member of the Consultative Council of TeleSUR (a claim by him that cannot be independently verified). Collon’s own website, Investig’Action, claims to fight against disinformation by the mainstream media while in fact being a confusionnist and conspiracist outlet which counts on its List of Authors [archive] some left-wing personalities (including figures like Sara Flounders and the Workers World Party, and Bosnian Genocide denier Michael Parenti) as well as a large number of far-right and conspiracist authors such as 21st Century Wire (see below), Le Cercle de Volontaires, Gilad Atzmon [archive], Tony Cartalucci, Leonid Ivashov, Alison Weir, Michel Chossudovsky, Thierry Meyssan, Veterans Intelligence Professionals for Sanity, William Engdahl, Whitney Webb (a writer for Mint Press News who promotes anti-Semitic conspiracy theories), South Front, and James Petras, among others, and Collon himself promotes [archive] Le Cercle des Volontaires on Twitter.

In 2011, Collon’s website promoted pro-Gaddafi protests [archive] organized by [archive] the Entre le Marteau et l’Enclume organization run by Maria Poumier (a Holocaust denier and an associate of Dieudonné and of Israel Shamir [archive]), and La Pierre et l’Olivier, whose president is Ginnette Skandrani [archive] (a former member of the French Green Party from which she was expelled because of her proximity to Holocaust deniers and fascists – Skandrani is a close associate of Dieudonné). Collon’s website was at one point listed as a friendly site by Soral’s and Dieudonné’s Egalite et Réconciliation, and while Collon publicly maintains a certain distance from Soral, he has himself defended Soral’s associate Dieudonné [archive], was hosted by Croah.fr administrated by anti-Semitic cartoonist Joe Le Corbeau (who is also close to Dieudonné and Soral) and called for a debate with Soral after the latter verbally attacked Collon and his associate Jean Bricmont in 2011 [archive].

In February 2012, a conference at the Paris Labor Council where Michel Collon was scheduled to speak was cancelled after mobilization by local anti-fascists.

On the 31st of March 2012, Collon participated [archive] in a conference on Syria organized by Le Collectif Pour la Syrie, the Afamia association (its president is Ayssar Midani), L’Appel Franco-Arabe and the French-Near East Association. The honorary chairman of Le Collectif Pour la Syrie, Michel Raimbaud, is a former French ambassador and has more recently spoken at a conference by LaRouche in July 2016 [archive], and one of its delegate administrators is Michel Lelong (see below). The conference was attended Ginnette Skandrani, by members of the Syrian shabiha, members of the Comité Valmy (see below), and members of Égalité et Réconciliation, and its participants included:

Two weeks before, the Collectif Pour la Syrie and Afamia had organized another event in support of Bashar al-Assad [archive], where the main speaker was Julien Teil.

This proximity to red-brown networks by Collon reflects itself in his defense of RT [archive] and in how sympathetic to Bashar al-Assad the coverage of the war in Syria by the Workers’ Party of Belgium is, despite the PTB-PVDA’s attempt at rebranding as a less sectarian and more open party since 2008. And as result, in 2013 anti-fascists in the French city of Lille called to mobilize against an event hosting Collon organized by the Communist Coordination, affiliated to the Stalinist Rassemblement des Cercles Communistes, and by the Left Front, the left-wing nationalist coalition headed by Jean-Luc Mélenchon.

Bahar Kimyongür

Among Collon’s other collaborators figures Bahar Kimyongür, also a favorite source of the WWP [archive]. Despite having faced persecution from the Republic of Turkey for being a militant of the Devrimci Halk Kurtuluş Partisi-Cephesi (Revolutionary People’s Liberation Party/Front, abbreviated as the DHKP-C), a Turkish Marxist-Leninist party, Kimyongür collaborates with fascists in support of Bashar al-Assad. Kimyongür’s red-brown politics shows itself through his association with Collon (Collon prefaced Kimyongür’s book Syriana [archive]), his participation in a 2009 conference by the Swiss branch of Soral’s fascist organization, him writing for Investig’Action [archive], his participation in the conference animated by Ayssar Midani which Collon attended, and his association with [archive] Mother Agnes Mariam. In May 2015, Kimyongür participated in a protest in Brussels, ostensibly against the war in Yemen. The participants in that protest, however, included Jean Bricmont, Omran al-Khatib (the leader of the Rassemblement pour la Syrie), Elie Hatem (a monarchist, member of the Directing Committee of Action Francaise [archive], later candidate for Civitas [archive] for the 2017 French legislative elections, and advisor of Jean-Marie Le Pen).

Comité Valmy

The Comité Valmy is a group which promotes both French nationalism and Marxism [archive], with an emphasis on the nationalism [archive], and the opening sentence of its manifesto [archive] is “Since the collapse of the USSR, we live in a unipolar world under the hegemony of only one super power, the United States of America”, suggests a Duginist influence. The National-Communist nature of this party can be confirmed by the list of its members, which includes both Communists and Gaullist nationalists [archive] (which includes Pierre Lévy), its publishing of interviews by Holocaust denier Roger Garaudy [archive], and its endorsement of the UPR [archive] in the 2015 French regional elections, and its regular sharing of articles from Thierry [archive] Meyssan’s [archive] conspiracist [archive] website [archive], which itself at one point shared the Comité Valmy’s articles [archive].

[Note: The Union Populaire Républicaine (UPR) is a French sovereignist party which has openly announced being open to discussing with Égalité et Réconciliation, the LaRouchites, the Pole of Communist Revival of France and all other French sovereignist groups irrespective of their position on the political spectrum. The UPR has a homophobic and xenophobic program, its leader openly speaks of France in perennial terms typical of the far-right, and has a long history of associating with the French far-right and conspiracists.]

The Pole of Communist Revival in France

Among Collon’s close associates are Annie Lacroix-Riz, a Stalin apologist who promotes the Synarchism [archive] conspiracy theory according to which the world is ruled by a secret elite, contributes to Investig’Action, and is a militant of [archive] the Pole of Communist Revival in France [archive] (PRCF), a sovereignist Marxist-Leninist party in France [archive]. Lacroix-Riz was present at the Axis for Peace Conference, contributes [archive] to Meyssan’s Voltaire Network [archive] as well as to Collon’s Investig’Action [archive], has spoken at conferences by the LaRouche Movement’s French branch [archive], and participated in protests in support of Muammar Gaddafi alongside Ginette Skandrani [archive]. Annie Lacroix-Riz has also participated, together with John Laughland, in roundtable talks of the Autumn University of the UPR [archive].

Another example of a red-brown PRCF member is Gearóid Ó Colmáin, a member of the PRCF [archive] who openly voices out the vilest anti-Semitic conspiracy theories [archive], considers the IMF to be a “tool of Zionism” (which is an anti-Semitic conspiracy theory) and praises Hungarian far-right Prime Minister Viktor Orban as anti-imperialist bulwark against it [archive], believes in fascist conspiracy theories claiming the Arab Spring is a plot to flood Europe with refugees [archive], is virulently [archive] homophobic [archive], and promotes conspiracy theories about the 2016 Nice attacks [archive]. In one of his conspiratorial ramblings against the Nuit Debout movement [archive], Ó Colmáin claims that the United States adopted the tactic of “color revolutions” from Leon Trotsky, and at the same time promotes MetaTV (which is in the ideological orbit of Alain Soral), the Cercle des Volontaires, the Voltaire Network (for which he writes [archive]), the reactionary royalist Sylvain Baron, the URCF, the Stalinist Organisation des Communistes en France and the right-wing UPR, and accuses anti-fascists who don’t buy into conspiracy theories of “being the real fascists” (Where did I hear similar rhetoric again? Right [archive], on actual fascist-owned outlets [archive]). Ó Colmáin regularly appears on the [archive] Richie [archive] Allen [archive] show [archive], has been on Kevin Barrett’s Truth Jihad [archive], and has of course been featured [archive] and quoted [archive] as expert on RT regularly [archive].

Syrian Resistance

Within Syria, a curious organization is the Syrian Resistance, led by Mihraç Ural, who was previously the last leader of a group called the THKP-C (Acilciler), a nominally defunct organization in whose name Ural had been attempting to agitate for support for Bashar al-Assad on a sectarian basis in 2012. The THKP-C was formed in the 1970s as one of the many successor groups of the Türkiye Halk Kurtuluş Partisi-Cephesi (the People’s Liberation Party-Front of Turkey, abbreviated as THKP-C) after the THKP-C’s dissolution. According to Engin Erkiner, a former leading member of the THKP-C (Acilciler), Ural has closely collaborated with the Ba’athist state’s intelligence and is suspected of being an agent of Syrian intelligence implanted in the THKP-C (Acilciler) to serve the interests of the Ba’ath regime, with Turkish-born Ural quickly receiving Syrian citizenship six months after his arrival in Syria (where he was known as Ali Kayyali), under the orders of Jamil al-Assad, an uncle of Bashar al-Assad.

Within Syria, Ural has led the Popular Front for the Liberation of the Sanjak of Iskandarun, an ostensibly Marxist-Leninist group whose aim was to liberate the Hatay province from the Republic of Turkey and integrate it into the Syrian state instead (following the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire in the aftermath of the First World War, the Hatay province was assigned to Syria, then under French mandate, in the Treaties of Sevres and Lausanne and became an autonomous region until its incorporation in the Republic of Turkey in 1939 following a referendum supported by France but denounced by Syria, who has claimed Hatay as part of its territory since then), though analyst Aymenn Jawad al-Tamimi says its ostensible Marxist image hides its true nature of being a religious sectarian organization (however one must bear in mind that this sectarian nature is specific to this organization, which should not be conflated with the larger Alawite community against whom the sectarian sections of the Syrian opposition have committed numerous hate crimes since the beginning of the crisis in Syria). With the outbreak of the crisis in Syria, Ural’s organization has rebranded itself as The Syrian Resistance and has been fighting on the side of the Assad regime, and is the prime suspect as responsible for the Baniyas Massacre (Ural was recorded advocating for a massacre in Baniyas) where hundreds of civilians were killed. Ural’s willingness to work with fascist entities shows itself not only by him massacring civilians for the Assad regime, but also in how the Syrian Resistance held joint celebrations with the SSNP in August 2015 [archive] and its leader posts pictures of him together with Ali Haidar, the leader of the Syrian branch of the SSNP, on social media.

The WWP and Fascists

The RKRP

The reactionary positions of the WWP include the party forging ties with hardline Russian Stalinist parties in the 90s, the most prominent one being the Russian Communist Workers Party (RKRP) [archive] as notes Kevin Coogan. The WWP’s newspaper ran an article by Victor Tyulkin, the RKRP’s leader and Secretary of its Central Committee on September 3, 1992. Tyulkin and Victor Anpilov, another RKRP member as well as member of the executive committee of the Working Russia group, sent birthday wishes to Sam Marcy which were republished on the WWP’s newspaper in 1996. The WWP even contrasted the RKRP more favorably to the KPRF [archive] on its publication.

The RKRP however is a “left fascist” organization of the same Red-Brown tendency as the KPRF, being extremely homophobic, anti-Semitic and anti-Black, and being described by the International Solidarity with Workers in Russia as a “pseudo-Communist anti-Semitic organization” [archive], due to which the RKRP’s invitation to take part in 2001 protests in Genoa by alter-globalization movement ATTAC was revoked after Russian labor activists informed the organizers of the RKRP’s fascist nature. Victor Anpilov, who had himself taken part in the red-brown debacle against Yeltsin as an ally of the National Salvation Front in front of the Russian White House in 1993, later left the RKRP and his Labor Russia party allied with the National Bolshevik Party of Eduard Limonov [archive] in a voting bloc in 1997 [archive], yet kept on being praised by the WWP’s paper until at least 2002 in an article where National Bolshevik Party leader Eduard Limonov is also described as one of many anti-capitalist political prisoners [archive], and Kevin Coogan suggests why the WWP did not devote more extensive coverage of the RKRP was because it would alienate the WWP’s rank and file members.

Tyulkin went on to merge his RKRP with the Russian Communist Party/Revolutionary Party of Communists (RPK) in 2001, forming the RKRP-RPK, which in 2012 became the Russian Communist Workers’ Party of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (RKRP-CPSU). The RKRP-CPSU became one of the constituents of the Russian United Labor Front (ROT Front), with Tyulkin as First Secretary of the Central Committee of the ROT Front [archive]. In 2011, the ROT Front joined with a number of red-brown Stalinist parties and The Other Russia (the National-Bolshevik party formed in 2010 by Eduard Limonov after the dissolution of the coalition with Garry Kasparov of the same name) in an alliance that its participants intended to be a new National Salvation Front. I could not find out whether Tyulkin’s ROT Front and the WWP have any sort of collaboration, though it received coverage from the WWP during the 2016 Russian elections [archive], and before this in 2014 along with the RKRP and the Left Front (see below) in the context of the crisis in Ukraine [archive], weeks after the WWP posted on its website a joint statement by the RKRP, Limonov’s The Other Russia, Kagarlitsky’s Institute of Globalization and Social Movements, the Vanguard of the Red Youth and the Left Front [archive]. WWP member Greg Butterfield posted [archive] the translation of a declaration of Tyulkin on his Red Star Over Donbass blog in 2017, and the Fuck Yeah Marxism-Leninism blog run by Butterfield [archive] reshares interviews given by Anpilov [archive] to the WWP in the 1990s [archive], and posts pictures of rallies of the ROT Front [archive] and the United Communist Party [archive] until up to January 2018.

Borotba

More recently, the WWP has been involved as of at least 2014 with the organization Borotba, a Stalinist organization formed by a former member of the RKRP [archive] and Sergey Kirchuk, from various Ukrainian Stalinist groups. Borotba has been on record for trying to cannibalize direct action by Anarchists and attacking anti-authoritarian leftists by falsely labeling them as members of far-right group Right Sector while having itself worked with far-right groups associated with Right Sector before the Euromaidan protests, after which it aligned itself with Novorossiya [archive].

Like the RKRP, Borotba has been extremely racist, homophobic and associates with far-right groups like Slavic Unity and Rodina. Borotba routinely publishes anti-Semitic imagery and its leadership is close to anti-Semite Israel Shamir while its ranks include Aleksey Bluminov, who had worked with Svoboda and the PSPU. Borotba has itself cooperated with the PSPU and far-right anti-Semitic group Oplot while attacking left-wing members of the Maidan (note that the Maidan itself was a heterogeneous movement – Anton Shekhovtsov has explained how phony “Antifascist” organizations set up by allies of Viktor Yanukovuch have slandered it by falsely labeling the whole of the movement as fascist for the purpose of propaganda, though other Ukrainian revolutionary leftists who advocated for participation in demonstrations against the curtailing of civil rights by Yanukovych’s government discouraged participation in the Euromaidan itself), leading many members of the Ukrainian Left (which has condemned the far-right elements within the Maidan protests) to openly condemn it.

Aleksey Albu, a member of Borotba, fled to Crimea in 2014 and set up a “Committee for the Liberation of Odessa” [archive] with Vadim Savenko and Aleksandr Vasilyev of Rodina and and Dmitry Odinov of neo-Nazi organization Slavic Unity, itself a branch of Barkashov’s Russian National Unity of which Gubarev was once a member, and which has cooperated with Dugin’s Eurasian Movement. That same year, representatives of Borotba were present at a pro-Donbass rally in Moscow which was also attended by representatives of The Other Russia [archive] (Limonov became a supporter of Putin after the 2014 crisis in Ukraine and Russia’s involvement in the war Syria [archive]). In December 2014, the International Action Center wrote an open letter to the Novorossiyan authorities in support of Borotba members, and among the signatories [archive] were Cynthia McKinney, Greg Butterfield from the WWP and Joe Lombardo from the United Anti-War Coalition, while Die Linke distanced itself from Borotba after its fascist nature was revealed that same year.

Another example of Stalinists working with fascism is when Antiimperialistische Aktion, a German “anti-imp” group, collaborated [archive] with an organization which calls itself the “International Anti-Fascist Committee” to organize “International Anti-Fascist Conferences”. A closer look at the website of the “International Anti-Fascist Committee’s website (which features a Saint George’s ribbon, a military award during the Russian Empire under the Tsar) shows Soros conspiracy theories [archive] and support for Donald Trump [archive] as well as claims the West wants to balkanize Syria quoting Michel Chossudovsky [archive], which clearly establishes this organization was not anti-fascist, but instead is a fascist organization of the red-brown type which weaponizes phony “anti-fascist” rhetoric in the service of fascism in the same fashion as Dugin does.

The participants [archive] of the International “Anti-Fascist Conference” included:

Videos of their conference [archive] show that Pavel Gubarev was present at the conference, and Greg Butterfield from the Workers World Party participated in one of their conferences in 2016 [archive].

Antiimperialistische Aktion has also collaborated with Italian ska-punk band Banda Bassotti (which has organized numerous “Anti-fascist Caravans” in support of Novorossiya) and the Trade Union of the Lugansk Republic (which had been forcibly taken over in 2014 by the rebels) to organize events as well [archive] in 2017 [archive].

Novorossiya

It is not surprising then that the Workers World Party has supported Russia’s annexation of Crimea and the fascist-approved referendum used to legitimize it [archive] (even as Crimean left-wing antifascist activists opposed to the Russian occupation have been imprisoned by the Russian state on false charges of belonging to Right Sector), and openly aligned itself with Novorossiya, published translations of Aleksey Albu [archive] in 2016 and quoted the Committee for the Liberation of Odessa on its website [archive] while repeating Russian state media narrative of a “Kiev putsch junta” opposed to “anti-fascists in the Donbass”, even as Anarchists in Ukraine opposed to the US-supported Poroshenko government paint a different picture, fighting against Nazis in Kiev, condemning the leaders of Novorossiya as Russian fascists whose fake calls to fight fascism echo those of Dugin and Limonov and condemning the right-wing elements of Euromaidan, the Kiev government’s alliance with fascists and the fascist Donetsk and Lugansk People’s Republics (a position also expressed by Russian Anarchists, who condemned the war in the Donbass as being fought by fascists on both sides and a way for Putin to divert attention from the economic crisis in Russia). Which means that is is not a surprise either then that SSNP flags and Saint George’s ribbons are appearing at protests organized by groups like the WWP and Code Pink. This is not isolated to American Stalinists, with some Spanish leftists having claimed to have fought side by side with Nazis for Russia in Ukraine.

Multiple Workers World Party articles have quoted Fort Russ (example 1 [archive], example 2 [archive], example 3 [archive], example 4 [archive], example 5 [archive]), a pro-Novorossiya website on whose front page are links to multiple National Bolshevik websites and, listed on the “Fraternal Sites” section, are linked [archive] Aleksandr Dugin’s think tank Arktogaia and Open Revolt, the website of National-Bolshevik and Eurasianist group New Resistance.

Chossudovsky

The WWP has been quoting Michel Chossudovsky since the 90s [archive] to defend Milosevic [archive], and acknowledged [archive] being reshared [archive] by the Centre of Research on Globalization, and Chossudovsky worked together with the WWP to defend Slobodan Milosevic [archive]. Sara Flounders (who is also a member of the International Committee for the Defence of Slobodan Milosevic) was listed by the Centre as one of its writers [archive]. Chossudovsky himself was one of the signatories of the founding charter of the ANSWER coalition when it was initially founded by the WWP. In 2013, Chossudovsky was a speaker [archive] at a conference [archive] in North Korea [archive] which included Ramsey Clark, Brian Becker and former WWP member Kiyul Chung.

Kiyul Chung

Kiyul Chung, who was formerly associated with the WWP and has participated in the WWP’s protests [archive], is a visiting professor at the state-owned Tsinghua University in the People’s Republic of China [archive] and is Editor in Chief of the 4th Media, a confusionnist media outlet on whose board is Michel Chossudovsky as chairman and WWP organizer Abiyomi Azikiwe, who himself operates a blog named Pan-African News Wire which quotes [archive] and reshares [archive] conspiracist [archive] Global Research [archive] articles [archive] regularly. 4th Media itself regularly shares material by Engdahl [archive] (who is a visiting professor at the Beijing University of Chemical Technology [archive] and Meyssan [archive], as well as conspiracies [archive] in line with LaRouche’s [archive] and Dugin’s [archive] ideologies. Chung was awarded with a honorary degree for his “information service” by North Korea in 2014 as result.

Chung, along with Narochnitskaya, Chauprade, Laughland, Chossudovsky, Engdahl and Nazemroaya, is on the Scientific Committee of Geopolitica, whose editor is Tiberio Graziani, a member of the High Council [archive] of Aleksandr Dugin’s International Eurasian Union, and who has worked with representatives of the Italian embassy of the People’s Republic of China [archive].

[Note: Graziani has also worked with Eurasianist magazine Eurasia, edited by Claudio Mutti, and on whose Scientific Committee are William Engdahl and Aleksandr Dugin. Mutti is also associated with Stato e Potenza, a Third Positionist group funded by the Economic Club of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the Italy-Mongolia Association, the International Academy for Mongolian Studies, the Italy-North Korea Friendship Association, the Belorussian State Economic University. Stato e Potenza’s now defunct website listed the SSNP and the Italian branch of the IRIB among its partners and in 2011 Ouday Ramadan was one of the editors of its website. Stefano Vernole, the vice-director of Eurasia, had attended the Beijing Forum of Human Rights [archive] in 2015. Another group Mutti is involved with is the Centre for Mediterranean and Eurasian Studies, which is partnered to Leonid Ivashov’s Academy of Geopolitical Problems [archive], Dugin’s Journal of Eurasian Affairs and Mutti’s Eurasia [archive], and promotes the New Silk Road initiative [archive] supported by both the Duginists [archive] and LaRouche [archive].

Helga Zepp-LaRouche herself was present [archive] at the roundtable talks at the Lanzhou University [archive] organized by the China Song Ching Ling Foundation concerning the New Silk Road, presumably at the invitation of Vladimir Yakunin, who had previously worked with the China Soong Ching Ling Foundation in 2012 [archive] and later in 2017 [archive] through his WPFDC. Yakunin’s WPFDC has published Zepp-LaRouche in 2004 [archive] and on its board of experts [archive] are Cynthia McKinney, Christopher Black, Chandra Muzaffar, John Laughland and Samir Amin.]

Chung is also the Editor in Chief of The 21st Century, which appears to be an offshoot 4th Media [archive] (is it a coincidence that one of LaRouche’s fronts was named 21st Century Science and Technology?), and which lists among its “specialists” [archive] numerous regulars of confusionnist media and of Russian and Iranian state media: fascists and reactionaries such as William Engdahl, James Petras, Thierry Meyssan, Mahdi Darius Nazamroaya and Paul Craig Roberts, as well as WWP members and affiliates such as Sara Flounders, Margaret Kimberley of the Black Agenda Report, Abayomi Azikiwe, and Brian Becker.

The presence of WWP members and associates in organizations tied to the network of conspiratorial fascists including Lyndon LaRouche, Aleksandr Dugin and Thierry Meyssan might explain the WWP’s recent stance on the Rohingya genocide in Myanmar [archive], blaming the crisis on US and Saudi attempts to oppose Chinese investment [archive], which echoes Thierry Meyssan’s claims (published a few days before the WWP’s) that the West was [archive] arming jihadists in Myanmar [archive] and Sputnik’s similar claims blaming George Soros for it [archive] (sourcing a member of the same Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Institute of Sciences which publishes the Engdahl-affiliated New Eastern Outlook journal). Similar material [archive] appears [archive] on Katehon too [archive], and around this same time Global Research posted similar articles by the New Eastern Outlook journal [archive], the Land Destroyer Report [archive] (a conspiracist [archive] blog [archive] with far-right leanings [archive] affiliated to the New Eastern Outlook and linking to Webster Tarpley’s and William Engdahl’s websites [archive]) and by Mint Press News [archive]

[Note: Mint Press News is a confusionnist website publishing Holocaust denier Anthony Hall [archive], National Bolshevik Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya [archive] and the fascist New Eastern Outlook [archive], Rothschild conspiracy theories [archive], Soros [archive] conspiracy [archive] theories [archive], HAARP conspiracy theories [archive], 9/11 Trutherism [archive], anti-Semitic 9/11 conspiracy theories which quote white nationalist Breitbart [archive], conspiracists [archive] also published by the Voltaire Network [archive] and the American Herald Tribune [archive], among others, while attempting to brand itself as a progressive news outlet, and its list of staff members and contributors is itself a strange red-brown list of fascists and leftists [archive].]

Caleb Maupin

Another strange WWP member is Caleb Maupin, who has been involved with Webster Tarpley’s Tax Wall Street Party more than once [archive]. He has been writing since June 2014 for the New Eastern Outlook affiliated to Tarpley’s colleague Engdahl, and spoke [archive] at the Third International New Horizons conference in Tehran. Among the attendants and speakers of the conference were leftists like CodePink founder Medea Benjamin, and Cambodian genocide denier Gareth Porter as well as fascists (most of whom were invited by Hamed Ghasghavi [archive], a contributor to many far-right websites like Veterans Today, Cercle des Volontaires and Katehon) such as:

Members of the Iranian establishment such as Alireza Panahian, Saeed Jalili, Alaeddin Boroujerdi, Mohammad-Javad Larijani and Hassan Rahimpour Azghadi also participated in the conference.

[Note: News outlets associated to the Iranian state have hosted a number of fascists, including Aleksandr [archive] Dugin [archive], Holocaust [archive] denier [archive] Ken [archive] O’Keefe [archive], National [archive] Bolshevik [archive] Manuel [archive] Ochsenreiter [archive], “former” [archive] LaRouchite [archive] Webster [archive] Tarpley [archive], confusionnist [archive] Thierry [archive] Meyssan [archive], and especially [archive] conspiracy [archive] theorist [archive] Kevin [archive] Barrett [archive]. Maupin himself regularly [archive] contributes [archive] to [archive] PressTV [archive].]

It is with no surprise then that in 2016 Maupin wrote a book called Satan at the Fountainhead: The Israeli Lobby and the Financial Crisis, a book which blames the 2008 financial crisis on the Israeli lobby, which closer to the coded anti-Semitism of the likes of Kevin Barrett and LaRouche than a legitimate criticism of Israeli policies or a Marxist analysis of the crisis.

Maupin left the WWP that very same year, in 2016, and his present website features Lionel and lists the white nationalist American Free Press as part of its network [archive], and lists Infowars and Mint Press News among the outlets he contributes to [archive].

Syria

When the protest movement first started in 2011, WWP therefore used Global Research conspiracies [archive] claiming the Syrian protest movement was the result of an “organized insurrection of armed gangs”, and has since used Global Research as source on Syria while WWP members’ articles have been posted on Global Research. The WWP had also previously quoted neo-fascists Thierry [archive] Meyssan’s [archive] and Mahdi Nazemroaya’s [archive] “reporting” for Global Research [archive] as source on the 2011 war in Libya. The WWP’s 2012 discussion concerning Syria was co-chaired by Sara Flounders and involved Ramsey Clark and Lizzie Phelan [archive], all three of whom have worked with fascists, as well as Ben Becker of the ANSWER Coalition.

The Taylor Report, a radio show by an employee of Ramsey Clark [archive] and which once provided a platform to war criminal Charles Taylor, has hosted crypto-fascist McKinney [archive] and fascist Nazemroaya [archive] since 2011 and Clark and Nazemroaya were hosted together on the Taylor Report in July 2013 [archive]. Predictably, it was the same Clark who has numerous fascist ties who arranged for the WWP’s first delegation to Syria [archive] two months later, which included:

  • Ramsey Clark himself
  • Cynthia McKinney
  • Dedon Kamathi of the All African People’s Revolutionary Party
  • Johnny Achi of Arab Americans 4 Syria
  • John Parker of the IAC
  • Sara Flounders

Ramsey Clark led a 2015 delegation to the Assad regime [archive], along with Sara Flounders, as well as Cynthia McKinney (who had publicized her meeting with Dieudonné the previous year), Lamont Lilly from the WWP’s youth organization FIST (Fight Imperialism, Stand Together) and Eva Bartlett (who had been on the show of Holocaust denier Kevin Barrett the previous year). Their report, also curiously published on Dissident Voice [archive], praises the Syrian Grand Mufti Ahmad Badreddin Hassoun, who met with David Duke in 2005 [archive], and Bouthaina Shaaban, the advisor to Bashar al-Assad, who herself addressed the Schiller Institute in June 2016 [archive] at the invitation of Helga Zepp-LaRouche, a year after a LaRouche delegation had gone to Syria and met her and Prime Minister Wail al-Halki [archive].

The Anti-Imperialist Camp

Curiously, the IAC and WWP have also been involved from 2002 [archive] until now [archive] with the Anti-Imperialist Camp, an obscure organization formed in 2000 [archive] which according to its own documents, traces its origins to the International Leninist Current [archive], a now defunct Trotskyist international about which I wasn’t able to find out more, with regular reports from the Anti-Imperialist Camp appearing on the WWP’s website.

While ostensibly socialist, the Anti-Imperialist camp’s dogmatic campist positions (which include defending [archive] Slobodan Milosevic [archive] and denial of the Bosnian genocide [archive]) has however meant a proximity to fascists. One its collaborators, Costanzo Preve, is a contributor to Eurasianist journal Geopolitica [archive] and is an associate of Aleksandr Dugin [archive], and another of its collaborators who was defending Preve from accusations of fascism in 2003, Claudio Moffa, [archive] is a Holocaust denier. Another fascist collaborator of the Anti-Imperialist Camp is the group “Anti Globalist Resistance” [archive] movement [archive] based in Russia [archive].

Querfronts

The “Anti-Globalist Resistance”/”Anti-Globalisation Movement of Russia”

The “Anti-Globalist Resistance” (AGR) is itself an obscure organization whose website contains multiple [archive] reports [archive] from [archive] the [archive] Anti-Imperialist [archive] Camp [archive] until [archive] at least [archive] 2007 [archive] as well as a rough chronology [archive] of the group’s development from 2002 until 2009:

In 2002 and 2003 [archive] the AGR organized:

  • protests against the invasion of Iraq
  • protests in support of Slobodan Milosevic
  • a “Vectors of Anti-Globalism” conference attended by the leader of the Moscow branch of the Communist Party (KPRF), Serguey Baburin of the Narodnaya Volya party (and a leader of Rodina), Aleksandr Zinovyev, representatives of women’s organizations, Christian organizations and left-wing groups.

In 2004 [archive], the AGR:

  • organized the “Day of the Anti-Globalist Resistance” in Moscow to protest against US policy and the “New World Order” as well as to support the struggle of Iraqis and condemn the tribunal for the war crimes in Yugoslavia
  • organized a meeting in support of Slobodan Milosevic
  • participated in a meeting in support of the Iraqi people organized by Viktor Anpilov’s Labor Russia. They protested against the arrest of Anti-Imperialist Camp members
  • participated in the May Day manifestation of the KPRF
  • participated in the Victory Day manifestation of the KPRF, with groups of activists of the Orthodox Church being noted as part of the AGR’s representatives
  • participated in a protest against the Hague Tribunal for the war crimes in Yugoslavia, attended by representatives of Communist, religious and youth organizations
  • organized a “Globalisation Today” conference, with “experts” speaking on methods used by “those behind the New World Order”
  • participated in a manifestation by the KPRF commemorating the October Revolution
  • were offered a center for co-ordination by the KPRF, the Orthodox Church and Women’s Union of Moscow’s Pushniko district
  • organized a protest against certain policies by the Russian government, with communists supported by Orthodox Church activists being noted as “young anti-globalists”

In 2005 [archive] the AGR:

  • held the “All-Russian Anti-Globalist Forum”, with communists and Orthodox Church members attending it
  • Named Hugo Chavez as “Anti-Globalist of the Year 2005”, gave Belarussian President Aleksandr Lukashenko a positive mention and awarded author Serguey Kara-Murza for his book on the “New World Order”

In 2006 [archive], the AGR:

  • held discussions on the “New World Order”
  • named Slobodan Milosevic the “Anti-Globalist of the Year 2006”, also praising Belorussian President Aleksandr Lukashenko and Ukrainian politician Nataliya Vitrenko

In 2007 [archive], the AGR:

  • participated in a rally in support of Belarus organized by the KPRF
  • met with Gordana Pop Lazic and Jadranka Sesel, leaders of the Serbian Radical Party
  • organized a “Yugoslavia is in our hearts” along with the Committee for commemoration of Slobodan Milosevic, attended by Jole Stanisic, Elena Gromova, A. Krylov, A. Belyaev, and Duma member Natalia Narochnitskaya (a member of the Rodina bloc)
  • participated in a conference organized by the KPRF and the Rosa Luxemburg Foundation
  • organized a “Five years of globalisation and globalism” conference held at the Institute of Oriental Studies in Moscow
  • organized a protest, with the participants described as “mostly Christians”, planned to coincide on the celebration of the Nativity of Mary and on the anniversary of the Russian Empire over the Tatars at Kulikovo
  • participated in a KPRF protest against US army maneuvers in Russia

In 2008 [archive] the AGR:

  • organized the third “All-Russia Anti-Globalist Forum”, attended by Orthodox Church groups, and with greetings from Lyndon LaRouche and the Anti-Imperialist Camp
  • organized protests including communists as well as youth and women’s organizations in Moscow against the independence of Kosovo
  • attended a conference for the second death anniversary of Slobodan Milosevic attended by Sergey Baburin, Jorje Marti Martines, Borislav Milosevic, M. Kuznetsov, Yole Stanisic
  • protests against the Orange Revolution in Ukraine and against the independence of Kosovo, attended by the AGR, the KPRF, the AKM communist group, right-wing groups like RONS and NS, Orthodox Church members and Serbian nationalists
  • anti-US protests attended by members of four Communist parties, including the KPRF and Orthodox Church activists

In 2009 [archive]:

  • protests together with the KPRF

Also present on the AGR’s website is an expression of support for the creation of a “Bolivarian Camp” inspired by Hugo Chavez [archive] and an invitation to a conference [archive] on “The Ways of Reintegration of the Soviet Union” held at the Philosophy Institute of the Russia Academy of Science and organized by the Marxist seminar of the Philosophy Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, the KPRF, the RKRP-RPK, the RKP-KPSS and the “Anti-Globalist Resistance”. I was not able to find out if this has anything to do with the later Eurasian Economic Union project of the Russian state and supported by Dugin and LaRouche.

The website of the AGR is also full of numerous posts quoting Lyndon LaRouche, such as an online conference between LaRouche and the coordinator of the “Anti-Globalist Resistance” [archive] and a speech by LaRouche to be presented to a “Anti-Globalist Conference” [archive], as well as many [archive] posts [archive] where criticisms of imperialism are mixed with conspiracy theories [archive] about globalism and the “New World Order”, in Third Positionist fashion made to appeal to both the far-right and the far-left (note the use of the fascist dogwhistle “globalist” rather than “globalization”), articles [archive] written [archive] by anti-semite conspiracy theorist James Petras claiming the US was preparing a war against Iran, Syria and Hezbollah, and finally anti-semitic conspiracy theories about the Arab Spring protest wave, which is described as another “colour revolution” [archive], a position also found among LaRouche circles as well as repeated on Russian state media such as RT and Sputnik.

In 2009, the AGR organized a conference [archive] where the participants included:

  • Sergey Baburin, former leader of Rodina
  • Nataliya Vitrenko, leader of the Ukrainian PSPU party and member of the LaRouche Movement and of Aleksandr Dugin’s International Eurasian Movement
  • Samir Amin, a Marxian economist who has expressed views concerning rejecting Atlanticism and choosing an “Eurasian option” and “building a multipolar world” which align closely to those of Aleksandr Dugin’s neo-Eurasianism
  • Lyndon LaRouche
  • Helga Zepp-LaRouche
  • Israel Shamir
  • Borislav Milosevic, the elder brother of Slobodan Milosevic
  • Jürgen Elsässer, an ex-leftist and editor of Compact, the mouthpiece of the German far-right party Alternative für Deutschland
  • Tomislav Sunić, a neo-fascist who heads the far-right American Freedom Party organization
  • Leonid Savin, of Dugin’s International Eurasian Movement
  • Maria Poumier, a Holocaust denier and an associate of Dieudonné and of Israel Shamir
  • Leonid Ivashov, a former Soviet and Russian military official and a collaborator of Aleksandr Dugin
  • S. A. Stroev of the KPRF

Somewhere between 2011 and 2014, the “Anti-Globalist Resistance” rebranded as the “Anti-Globalisation Movement of Russia” (AGMR), with Aleksandr Ionov, who appears [archive] on the previous website of the organization as a reporter, as head of the movement. Aleksandr Ionov himself spoke [archive] at an event organized by the Italian Communitarian Party, Millennium, in December 2013, where other speakers included Aleksandr Dugin and Andrey Kovalenko.

As Matthew Lyons notes, while it is difficult to assert for certain the exact ties of the AGMR with the Duginists, the AGMR has worked with the Duginist Eurasian Youth Union for homophobic protests [archive] as well as round-table discussions concerning the war in Syria organized by the AGMR [archive] and Leonid Savin, a prominent Duginist, was present at the 2009 conference. Lyons however notices that the AGMR’s gives a shout out to the LaRouche Network on one of its web pages, which is not surprising given LaRouche’s association with the AGMR as detailed above.

Western Stalinists Allied With Fascists

At some point after the founding of the Anti-Imperialist Camp, the International Action Center and the AGMR seem to have come in contact with each other, with the IAC being mentioned on the “Anti-Globalist Resistance”‘s website as “US anti-globalists” [archive], though I was not able to find out whether it was through the Anti-Imperialist Camp or LaRouche (which is likely, given Ramsey Clark’s association with the IAC and LaRouche, his trips to Syria, and LaRouchites’ use of Clark’s name to infiltrate anti-war groups during the Gulf War) or the RKRP. The AGMR organized a “Right of Peoples to Self-Determination and Building a Multipolar World” in Moscow [archive] in December 2014. The WWP-affiliated United Anti-War Coalition (UNAC), on whose board are Sara Flounders and Abayomi Azikiwe [archive], and the IAC sent five representatives as delegates to the conference [archive]:

All the UNAC and IAC delegates signed a joint statement [archive], whose other signatories include:

[Note: Maksim Shevchenko, one of the participants of this conference and signatories of its joint statement, more recently in 2017 praised the Confederate States of America and Robert E. Lee [archive] after the 2017 far-right rally in the US town of Charlottesville.]

The issue with this event, and which UNAC and the IAC omitted from their reports, is that [archive] its discussions leaned heavily towards Dugin’s ideology and its other participants included openly fascist individuals and groups, such as the National Bolshevik Italian Communitarian Party, the Texas Nationalist Movement, and the neo-Confederate League of the South. Israel Shamir, who was present there, is described as “a leading anti-Zionist writer from Israel” [archive] by the UNAC report, which omits that he is in fact a notorious anti-semite who believes in blood libels [archive] and a Holocaust denier.

[Note: Alison Weir (who believes in the anti-Semitic blood libel myth [archive]) has been hosted in 2016 by the WWP [archive] and Gilad Atzmon has been quoted in their publications [archive]. Which raises the question of why does the WWP fraternize with people whose antisemitism meant that the Palestine solidarity movement itself has condemned and disavowed them?]

The UNAC, WWP and FRSO however painted this conference in a purely positive light and sent another delegation including WWP member Tom Michalak [archive] and FRSO member Joe Iosbaker to the AGMR in 2015 [archive], and hoped for further ties with the AGMR. The FRSO futhermore ran a series [archive] of [archive] articles [archive] by the AGMR in 2015 with ostensibly leftist content except for one which calls the Arab Spring an American plot and supports Russian imperialism.

When the UNAC was contacted concerning the AGMR’s reactionary positions, Joe Lombardo simply denied its homophobic positions and its racism, and in 2016 three UNAC members, Bruce Gagnon, Phil Wilayto (who is on UNAC’s board [archive]) and Regis Tremblay visited Odessa with the help of the AGMR [archive], which was coordinated with Joe Lombardo [archive]. This delegation and Victoria Machulko (see below) met with a committee at the European Parliament in May 2016. Phil Wilayto happens to be the coordinator of the Odessa Solidarity Campaign, on whose board are [archive]:

Among the AGMR’s other activities are:

In 2015, the AGMR organized another conference, with funding through a state grant. Among the supporters of the event was the Eurasian Youth Union [archive]. Its participants included:

  • Sinn Féin
  • the Catalan Solidarity for Independence party
  • Millenium
  • Omali Yeshitela, the leader of the Uhuru Movement
  • Ramón Nenadic, of Puerto Rican group Boriken
  • Larry Sinkin, a representative of self-proclaimed King Silva of Hawaii
  • Fedor Biryukov of Rodina
  • Ali Mohamed Salem of the Polisario Front
  • Antonio Grego, an Italian fascist. Claudio Mutti wrote a foreword for one of his books
  • Giacomo Matacotta, an Italian fascist and supporter of Grego
  • Louis Marinelli, the Californian independentist
  • Nate Smith of the Texas Nationalist Movement

There appears to be a close collaboration between the AGMR and Rodina, as Ionov has been hosted by Fedor Biryukov of Rodina on TV [archive] and was part of discussions involving the chairman of Rodina, Aleksey Zhuravlyov, and Fedor Biryukov [archive]. Ionov also used to be the co-chair of the Committee for Solidarity with the peoples of Libya and Syria, headed by former Rodina leader Sergey Baburin (and of which Israel Shamir is a member [archive]) and has participated in its conferences together with Shamir [archive], a member of the Coordinating Council of the Anti-Maidan Movement [archive] whose co-chairs include Dmitry Sablin [archive] from Vladimir Putin’s United Russia party and Nikolai Starikov [archive] who had once been in the Anti-Orange Committee, and was member of the Presidium of the Officers of Russia [archive] along with general Leonid Ivashov.

Ionov is also a member of the Public Council of the Central District branch of the Moscow City Police [archive], a member of Moscow’s Public Supervisory Commission [archive], a Deputy Director for International Cooperation for the Institute of Problems of Security and Stable Development [archive], and the Head of the Subcommittee for the Development of International Cooperation of the International Congress of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs [archive] (a bourgeois organization supporting the interests of capitalists from states formerly part of the Soviet Union and founded by the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, a lobbying group promoting business interests). As a member of the latter, he has been promoting Russian business interests in Syria [archive] in the event of a post-war reconstruction, and as the founder and CEO of Ionov Transcontinental [archive] he has been offering security services in Syria and has himself fought on the side of the Assad regime.

[Note: Among other Russian mercenaries fighting for the Assad regime in Syria are Kirill Ananyev (a member of Eduard Limonov’s National Bolshevik Party and The Other Russia party), Aleksey Ladygin and Igor Kosoturov, all three of whom had fought on the side of the Novorossiyan forces previously and were members of the PMC Wagner mercenary company led by mercenary and admirer of Nazi Germany Dmitry Utkin.]

[Note: it is mentioned the AGMR’s office contained portraits of Fidel Castro, Hafez al-Assad, Bashar al-Assad, Kim Il-Sung, Muammar Gaddafi, Hugo Chávez, Che Guevara and Omar Torrijos, which aligns with the European New Right’s position of supporting Third World struggles]

On the AGMR’s website is also a post declaring it is an endorser [archive] of a Unity & Solidarity Call initiated by American leftists, which clearly indicates that the proximity and willingness of Stalinists to collaborate with fascists is allowing the latter to infiltrate the Left. On the same page is a call to support a “Multipolar World Against War” declaration [archive], among whose signatories are Cynthia McKinney and Aleksandr Ionov, and which was initiated by the Coop Anti-War Cafe, which claims to be anti-war but whose page links to various conspiracist and 9/11 Truther websites [archive].

The Hands Off Syria Coalition

Curiously, in the steering committee [archive] of the Hands Off Syria Coalition are:

  • Margaret Kimberley, one of the UNAC delegates to the AGMR’s conference
  • Joe Lombardo, another of the UNAC’s delegates to the AGMR’s conference
  • Bahman Azad
  • Mark Burton
  • Gerry Condon
  • Sara Flounders
  • Issa Chaer, from the Syrian Social Club, UK and the Board of the Syria Solidarity Movement, the latter of which I will explore in the next section of my post.

Margaret Kimberley herself participated, together with Sara Founders, at conferences by the coalition where conspiracy theorists Eva Bartlett and Vanessa Beeley spoke [archive]. Kimberley’s own Black Agenda Report attacked [archive] The Intercept following the publication of a (somewhat simplistic) article about white nationalists’ support for Bashar al-Assad, claiming Alexander Reid Ross, one of the article’s sources, doesn’t write about imperialism (really?), trying to blame Efraim Zuroff for Paul Kagame’s crimes (while Zuroff’s support for the Israeli state and refusal to call the Srebenica massacre a genocide are indeed reprehensible and indefensible, his role in Rwanda was as advisor for the prosecution of the perpetrators of the Rwandan genocide, a genocide the Black Agenda Report [archive] has [archive] denied [archive] – note that the Black Agenda Report still defends Slobodan Milosevic [archive] and denies the Bosnian Genocide [archive]). Note that the Syrian Ba’ath regime’s sheltering of Alois Brunner has also been confirmed by journalists who interviewed Brunner’s bodyguards. The Black Agenda Report noting the People’s Republic of China’s support for Assad is ironic, as it doesn’t mention that China is investing in Syria as part of its New Silk Road project (supported by both National Bolsheviks and LaRouchites as I noted before), or that China has been a long-time ally of American hegemony who supported the US-backed Augusto Pinochet, Yahya Khan of Pakistan when the Pakistani state was committing genocide during the Bangladesh Liberation War, and the genocidal Khmer Rouge and that China attacked Communist Vietnam as retaliation for the latter’s Soviet-supported overthrowing of the Khmer Rouge and together with the US and its allies supported Pol Pot at the United Nations after 1979.

The Black Agenda Report‘s painting of Assad himself as a figure of resistance against American hegemony and Zionism is largely a position reminiscent of LaRouche’s distortions concerning Panamian dictator Noriega and closer to that of the National Bolsheviks [archive] and conspiracy theorists the Black Agenda Report‘s senior editor [archive] fraternizes [archive] with before denying war crimes [archive] and sanitizing [archive] fascists [archive] who were openly war-mongering and are now beating the war drums and engaging in ethnic cleansing, while genuine revolutionaries were advocating for more nuanced anti-fascist positions. The reality is more different: in the second half of the 1960s, Salah Jadid from the left wing of the Ba’ath Party was the leader of Syria and implemented radical socialist policies while aligning Syria with the Soviet Union against Israel. When the Black September conflict opposing the Palestinian Liberation Organization to the American-aligned Jordanian monarchy erupted in 1970, Jadid sent tanks to support the PLO side while Hafez al-Assad, then minister of defense, refused to provide air cover for the Syrian troops, leading to the defeat of the PLO and the Syrian army. The result was a coup d’état where Hafez al-Assad overthrew Jadid, moved rightwards and undid many of Jadid’s socialist policies: privatizations allowed a national bourgeoisie close to the Assad clan to control Syria’s private capital, independent unions were dissolved and replaced by state-controlled ones, and various communist and leftist parties were given the choice between joining the Ba’ath dominated ruling coalition and operating only under the regime’s control or face persecution by the state: thus, Assad tethered them to a capitalist, kleptocratic party under the control of the Syrian national bourgeoisie. In reaction, the Syrian Communist Party’s more radical elements left it in 1973 and formed the opposition Syrian Communist Party (Political Bureau), which opposed the Syrian Communist Party’s decision to join the Ba’ath-controlled coalition and its subsequent support for Hafez al-Assad’s entry in the Lebanese Civil War on the side of right-wing forces – the Syrian Communist Party (Political Bureau) in 2005 became the Syrian Democratic People’s Party of which Omar Aziz was once a member of.

Hafez al-Assad’s subsequent policy towards the PLO similarly has been one of attempting to control it and prevent it from being an independent force, which is why he initially entered the Lebanese Civil War on the invitation of Lebanon’s then right-wing government (before later coming in conflict with them) against Lebanese leftists and Palestinians (a move welcomed by Israel) and, allied to right-wing Lebanese militias, took part in the Tel al-Zaatar massacre where thousands of Palestinians were killed. During the Gulf War, Hafez al-Assad cooperated with the American coalition even as sanctions which caused thousands of civilian deaths were imposed on Iraq. This was accompanied by a policy of him maintaining peace with Israel, which was continued by his son Bashar. Bashar al-Assad has been no different, implementing extensive neoliberal policies, participating in peace negotiations with Israel, starting a slow detente between Damascus and Washington while cooperating with the CIA torture program of George W. Bush during his “War on Terror” while simultaneously helping jihadists in Iraq and strangely denying the existence of al-Qaeda at the same time (strangely, echoes of this are found in both Meyssan’s and the WWP’s support for the “Iraqi resistance” and denial that it was made up of jihadists). And in 2011, during the NATO bombing of Libya, the Syrian regime provided French intelligence with information which led to the murder of Muammar Gaddafi in exchange of a period of grace and less pressure on Assad and his regime even as he was cracking down with extreme brutality on the protest movement in Syria. Far from being an anti-imperialist force, the Assad clan has been a consistent ally of American and Israeli imperialism, and leftist participants of the Syrian revolutionary movement such as Marxist Jihad Asa’ad Muhammad, and the Syrian Revolutionary Youth, a radical socialist movement which stood in solidarity with the Palestinian struggle and also faced persecution from the regime.

After suggesting using fascist conspiracy theorists Eva Bartlett and Vanessa Beeley (about whom I talk below) instead of Syrian leftists as source, the Black Agenda Report article speaks of the “wide net of support given to terrorists by the US and its imperial allies”. The issue, as the Black Agenda Report‘s own sources suggest, is that while Assad regime officials say the US was coordinating weapons supplies for the rebels in Syria, the American direct support to the rebels was marginal and the US was voicing frustration at its own Qatari and Saudi allies supporting hardline Islamists and jihadists (both because the US has always feared a jihadist takeover in Syria – the American “War on Terror” never ended), and the CIA train-and-equip program to support the rebels, which was designed against Da’esh rather than the Assad regime, was terminated after being barely implemented. The American goal, beyond the initial platitudes of “Assad must go” of Washington during the early Arab Spring, has not been to seek “regime change” but to instead find an arrangement between the US-supported sections of the bourgeois parts of the opposition and the Ba’ath government for a transition of power which would preserve the capitalist regime which has been prevailing in Syria under the Assad dynasty, whereas the Gulf monarchies have been supporting the most sectarian groups fighting against Assad to turn the crisis in Syria into a sectarian war because they fear the success of a secular revolution in Syria would lead to eventual unrest within the Gulf itself which could topple their own dictatorships, both of which go against the aims of the non-sectarian and anti-imperialist grassroots opposition.

The actual American military intervention in Syria since 2014 itself has, since the rise of Da’esh, been a War on Terror policy concerned primarily with fighting against Da’esh: the limited program to train rebels was explicitly aimed at fighting against Da’esh (which these rebels labeled as Obama’s “de facto alliance with Assad”), the cooperation with Rojava is aimed at explicitly fighting against Da’esh, the military and financial support to Iraq (an ally of Bashar al-Assad) is aimed at fighting against Da’esh and includes support for militias associated with the Popular Mobilization Units, the same Iraqi state-supported militias who support Bashar al-Assad and participated in the Ba’ath regime’s capture of Aleppo. As early as 2013, after the Ghouta chemical attacks, Obama decided to ask Congress permission before taking any military move on Syria (something he didn’t do for Libya) and accepted the chemical deal brokered with Russia through Israel, and had moreover been proposing to Vladimir Putin a coordination plan against the al-Nusra Front in 2016. Bashar al-Assad in 2017 even welcomed a potential United States intervention in Syria to cooperate with his government’s side of the war, and American strikes against the Syrian regime have been exceptions rather than the norm. Similarly, Israeli involvement and airstrikes in Syria against the Syrian state have been exceptions rather than the norm, and have instead been primarily directed at Iranian and Hezbollah targets.

Of course, acknowledging this reality is neither support for these jihadists nor support of American foreign policy in the same way that acknowledging the realities of the War on Terror was neither support for the Taliban or al-Qaeda nor support for American wars, despite George W. Bush’s fake binary of “Either you’re with us or with the terrorists” and the disingenuous accusations of support for terrorism leveled by neoconservatives at opponents of Bush’s wars back then. Strangely though, while the Western Left was able to reject this obviously false dichotomy in the 2000s, in the 2010s it repeats similar positions and which echo the fascists platformed on Russian state media by claiming that the only choice in Syria is between either the Assad regime or jihadists. Meanwhile, the secular grassroots opposition which stands against both the Ba’athist regime and the jihadists is ignored or conflated with the very jihadists it opposes, and Western social chauvinists castigate the few leftist media platforms who dare to provide a platform to the Syrians who do not adhere to this crude and reactionary binary instead of Western white leftists from Brooklyn, NYC.

Two Shady Books

Despite Hands Off Syria’s stated purpose being to oppose American intervention in Syria, on its website are featured two books claiming the war in Syria are nothing more than an imperialist plot against an enemy of American and Israeli hegemony: Tim Anderson’s The Dirty War on Syria and Stephen Gowans’ Washington’s Long War on Syria.

Stephen Gowans

A book listed on Hands Off Syria’s website is Washington’s Long War on Syria [archive], written by Stephen Gowans, a Stalinist with a history of defending Milosevic [archive] (and writing for the Slobodan Milosevic International Committee [archive]) and Karadzic [archive], as well as denying the Bosnian genocide [archive], itself part of a larger propensity to deny multiple genocides by him [archive], yet he is still hosted by the Canadian Communist Party [archive] (which appears to have erased all mentions of its support for Milosevic [archive] on its website). Gowans’ book was published by Baraka books, a publisher whose president is Robin Philpot [archive], a Rwandan genocide denier.

Among the people on the blogroll on Gowans’ website are [archive]:

Stephen Gowans’ defense of the Syrian Ba’ath regime also included an attempt to claim no revolutionary movement ever existed in Syria [archive] while also attacking the Anarchistic movement in Syrian Kurdistan [archive] by comparing it to Labor Zionism even as its ideologue Abdullah Ocalan supports the Palestinian cause (Ocalan has fought on the side of the Palestinian resistance against Israel’s 1982 invasion of Lebanon, and US intelligence helped Turkey arrest him) and explicitly rejects nationalism, and despite numerous Syrian Anarchists and Marxists having given evidence of a Syrian revolution’s existence. Effectively, Gowans’ positions are close to those of the fascists his associates are close to.

Gowans was hosted by UNAC in July 2017 [archive], in an event where Syrian activists were physically assaulted and expelled from the conference after questioning Gowans’ positions [archive]. One of the WWP members who ejected the Syrian activists was Taryn Fivek, who was outed as denying people were starving in Syria. While Fivek tried defending herself by claiming her account had been hacked, a quick search shows that she associated with a strange group of Twitter users espousing Marxism nominally while espousing outlandish conspiratorial beliefs one such as 9/11 Trutherism [archive], anti-vaxxer conspiracies, claiming the Charlie Hebdo attacks were a false flag [archive], writing for Infowars, Soros [archive] conspiracy [archive] theories [archive], and claiming the Syrian revolution is an imperialist plot, and Fivek herself physically accompanied one of this group’s members at Left Forum, which severely weakens Fivek’s defense of herself.

Tim Anderson

An ostensible Marxist and professor of economics at the University of Sydney in Autralia, Tim Anderson visited Syria as part of the delegation of Julian Assange’s Wikileaks Party, on whose website there are many posts about Syria [archive] by conspiracy theorists Thierry Meyssan [archive] and Michel Chossudovsky [archive] and Israel Shamir [archive], the Holocaust denying neo-fascist employed by Wikileaks who handed unredacted cables to Belorussian President Aleksandr Lukashenko (Wikileaks itself has voiced out fascistic positions since then).

Anderson wrote The Dirty War on Syria [archive], a book ostensibly meant to be a source on the war in Syria, which was published by the conspiracist Global Research. Anderson himself is regularly published by Global Research and is hosted on numerous conspiracist media platforms, such as The Corbett Report [archive], and BattleNolaRadio [archive], a far-right channel dedicated to material such as the Illuminati [archive], 9/11 Trutherism [archive], and… interviews with David Duke [archive].

Anderson moreover attended in December 2015 [archive] (which is about half a year before his book was published by the Centre in August 2016) the commemoration for recently murdered Russian ambassador Andrey Karlov, which was itself attended by:

In October 2016, Anderson participated in a conference [archive] organized by the far-right German organization Gesellschaft für Internationale Friedenspolitik, whose members [archive] include Nikolai Starikov, Friederike Beck (who believes in the neo-fascist conspiracy that NGOs, the United Nations and the European Union are part of a plot to destroy Europe through mass migration [archive]), and Wolfgang Effenberger (a conspiracy theorist who blamed the protests in Iran in 2009 on George Soros [archive]). The participants of the conference included:

[Note: Maram Susli is more commonly known by the pseudonyms of Syrian Girl Partisan or Partisangirl. Susli has a YouTube channel dedicated to “exposing the New World Order”, has been hosted [archive] by [archive] David [archive] Duke [archive] many times, is a regular guest [archive] and contributor [archive] on Infowars, has been published in the Duginist Journal of Eurasian Affairs [archive] and is a supporter of the [archive] Syrian Social Nationalist Party [archive].]

Susli was the source [archive] of Theodore Postol’s claims the Syrian government was not responsible for the Khan Shaykhun chemical attacks, and has appeared together with Postol on the show of Holocaust denier Ryan Dawson [archive] (Postol had also been hosted by Dawson before [archive].]

In November 2016, Anderson attended the Leura Forum [archive], a white nationalist event organized by a group named Defend Our Heritage chaired by AFP member James Sternhill. Among the participants of the panel were:

Tim Anderson, the “Marxist” who associates with fascists, was defended [archive] by the AFP’s Facebook page [archive] and Anderson himself repeats fascist Soros conspiracy theories [archive], has been used as source by RT [archive] too.

Anderson is also the founder and director of the Center for Counter Hegemonic Studies [archive], which in April 2017 hosted a conference [archive] on the war in Syria in April 2017. The participants included:

  • Tim Anderson
  • Maram Susli
  • Paul Antonopoulos
  • Marwa Osman
  • Drew Cottle

Paul Antonopoulos was once the Deputy Editor of al-Masdar News, a pro-Assad outlet where he has published, among others, multiple [archive] articles [archive] in [archive] support [archive] of Golden Dawn [archive] before he was found out to be a member of fascist forum Stormfront. Despite his claims of not being a fascist, he has openly contributed to the Center for Syncretic Studies [archive], a National Bolshevik think tank [archive], before his suspension from al-Masdar and is now a fellow at the Center for Syncretic Studies. Antonopoulos is also an editor at the Duginist Fort Russ [archive], which he has promoted together with other fascistic and conspiracist media on al-Masdar [archive]. Al-Masdar‘s use of fascists is not an isolated case, as Robert Inlakesh, another of its reporters [archive], contributes to the American Herald Tribune [archive], has been hosted by Holocaust denier [archive] Ryan Dawson [archive] and on the Richie Allen show [archive]. Andrew Illingworth, another writer for al-Masdar [archive], has also been a guest of Holocaust denier Ryan Dawson [archive].

Drew Cottle, who is also on the board of the Center for Counter Hegemonic Studies, has contributed to the Journal of Eurasian Affairs together with Antonopoulos [archive].

The Syria Solidarity Movement

Which leads us precisely to the Syria Solidarity Movement, a coalition ostensibly opposed to American intervention in Syria, yet which is effectively supportive of Assad, is full of false flag conspiracy theories, shares William Engdahl [archive], Webster Tarpley [archive], Thierry [archive] Meyssan’s [archive] Voltaire [archive] Network [archive], Kevin Barrett [archive], and whose links section includes multiple conspiracist websites [archive] such as Dissident Voice, Global Research, the New Eastern Outlook journal, the Strategic Culture Foundation, WhoWhatWhy and NSNBC.

According to the Syria Solidarity Movement’s own About Us [archive] section, the Syria Solidarity Movement started as two groups: firstly of Mother Agnes-Mariam of the Cross as representative of the Mussalaha organization along with Mairead Maguire (which I have already explored), and the second one of activists around a list serve created by Eva Bartlett and who met at the very same Anti-Imperialist Camp in Assisi with which the “Anti-Globalist Resistance” and the IAC and WWP were involved and sent at least two delegations to Syria. These two groups then united as the Syria Solidarity Movement.

Among the members of the steering committee [archive] of the Syria Solidarity Movement are:

Eva Bartlett

Eva Bartlett, who went viral last year, is a reporter [archive] and Editor at SOTT.net [archive]. SOTT.net is owned [archive] by the Quantum Future Group, which has Arkadiusz Jadczyk as President and Laura Knight-Jadczyk as Vice President [archive]. Unfamiliar with Laura Knight-Jadczyk? Laura Knight-Jadczyk is into various conspiracy theories such as 9/11 Trutherism [archive] (note her using Chossudovsky as source), Denver Airport conspiracy theories [archive], New World Order conspiracy theories [archive], HAARP and UFO conspiracy theories [archive].

Bartlett’s own writing quotes conspiracy theorists extensively [archive] and she has reshared anti-Semitic conspiracy theorist Brandon Martinez’s assertion that 9/11 was a false flag on her blog [archive] as well as conspiracy theories claiming Assad is resisting “the Rothschilds” [archive]. Among her other associations one can find:

This did not however stop Ajamu Baraka from hosting her [archive] or progressive liberal Jimmy Dore from promoting her [archive]. Jimmy Dore had himself previously quoted [archive] an article from conspiracy theorist Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to “explain” what is happening in Syria and later quoted Theodore Postol (whose source is an Infowars contributor and associate of David Duke) concerning the Khan Shaykhun attacks [archive]. It appears that the Western Left would rather host Western conspiracy theorists and fascists rather than speak to Syrian leftists who know more about the situation in Syria, just like how Michael Moore preferred repeating the WWP’s line by calling what would eventually devolve into Da’esh a “revolution” in 2004.

Vanessa Beeley

Vanessa Beeley is listed as an Associate Editor of 21st Century Wire on its About section (which also lists Andrew Korybko and Marwa Osman as special contributors). 21st Century Wire (again, note what may or may not be a coincidental similarity to LaRouche’s 21st Century Science and Technology?) claims to be an “independent hyper blog offering bold news”. However, its features editor and founder is Patrick Henningsen, who used to be an InfoWars Associate Editor, and still associates with the far-right, such as the white nationalist Red [archive] Ice [archive] TV [archive] and the David Icke-affiliated Richie [archive] Allen [archive] Show [archive] (Henningsen has himself been [archive] a long [archive] time [archive] RT [archive] contributor [archive]). Other special contributors to this conspiracist fascist outlet include Nazi sympathizer Marwa Osman, Duginist Andrew Korybko, Andre Vltchek (a Khmer Rouge apologist [archive] and Cambodian Genocide [archive] denier [archive] whose own website lists him [archive] as a writer for the New Eastern Outlook, Investig’Action and Global Research), Tim Anderson [archive] (about whom I have already written) and Tim Hayward (a Professor of Environmental Political Theory at the Edinburgh University [archive]).

Patrick Henningsen is also part of the staff [archive] of Alternate Current Radio, which hosts the podcast of the British Constitutional Group-affiliated UK Column [archive] as well as a radio show by Henningsen himself [archive] and archives of 21st Century Wire’s podcast [archive]. Another podcast hosted by Alternate Current Radio is The Boiler Room [archive], an openly Alt-Right show [archive] whose hosts include Andy Nowicki (who runs an obviously fascist blog called The Alt-Right Novelist [archive]) and Jay Dryer (a 21st Century Wire special contributor who promotes Illuminati conspiracy theories [archive] and is sympathetic to [archive] Aleksandr Dugin [archive]).

21st Century Wire of course is rife with conspiracies about the “New World Order” [archive], with even a post quoting Aleksandr Dugin favorably [archive], anti-Semitic “Rothschild” conspiracy theories [archive], the “globalists” [archive], neo-fascist and Holocaust denier David Icke [archive], Partisangirl [archive], Lyndon LaRouche [archive], Holocaust denial [archive], calling the Charlie Hebdo attacks a false flag [archive], blaming anti-Trump protests on George Soros and “globalists” [archive]. Engdahl [archive] is of course present on 21st Century Wire [archive] and is hosted on its podcast [archive], 21st Century Wire also shares material [archive] by Thierry [archive] Meyssan [archive] and hosts Gearoid o Colmain [archive].

21st Century Wire‘s position on the war in Syria as of 2011 itself has been that it is a “regime change” plot by the “globalists” [archive] and by George Soros [archive], and that Da’esh is a CIA creation [archive] used as a tool to establish the “New World Order” [archive]. Beeley appears to be the source of conspiracies surrounding the White Helmets which were then aired by Russian state media [archive].

On Vanessa Beeley’s blog are featured:

The material Beeley herself writes for 21st Century Wire includes praising the xenophobic policies of Viktor Orban [archive] and hosting Gilad Atzmon [archive], and she can also be found being hosted by Willem Felderhorf [archive], a self-proclaimed Anarchist whose channel posts xenopobic and Islamophobic material, anti-Semitic 9/11 conspiracy theories and denial of the Bosnian genocide [archive]. Beeley has also been hosted by Ron Paul [archive] and by the British Constitutional Group [archive].

Despite her criticisms of NGOs grounded in conspiracy theory rather than legitimate leftist analysis [archive], Beeley nevertheless went to Syria as part of a delegation by the US Peace Council [archive], the US branch of the World Peace Council, a NGO member of the United Nations which defends Slobodan Milosevic [archive].

This same Vanessa Beeley, a fascist, was hosted [archive] in Burmingham, UK, by the Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist-Leninist) (abbreviated as the CPGB-ML), the Socialist Labour Party (SLP), the Indian Workers Association (GB), and the UK branches of the People’s Liberation Front (JVP) and the Awami Workers Party.

[Note: the CPGB-ML is a hardline Stalinist party whose chairperson, Harpal Brar, is also the chair of the Stalin Society which glorifies Josef Stalin and denies the Great Purge [archive], the Katyn massacre [archive], and the Holodomor [archive] (which was first acknowledged in 1987 by Volodymyr Shcherbytskyi, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine). The Stalin Society also shares so many members with the CPGB-ML and the SLP to the extent that they overlap. More recently, the CPGB-ML whitewashed and defended the French National Front]

[Note: The present Indian Workers Association (GB) is the result of a split led by Prem Singh from a former organization also called the Indian Workers Association (GB) due to Singh’s support for the Communist Party of India (Marxist), a class collaborationist organization which supported the suppression by the Indian state of the peasant uprising of Naxalbari and expelled all its members who supported the uprising (these members went on to form the Maoist rebel movement called the Naxalites). ]

Vanessa Beeley is also an Associate Editor for The Indicter, an outlet affiliated to the NGO named Swedish Doctors for Human Rights, whose chairperson is Marcello Ferrada de Noli, who was previously a member of the Chilean Marxist-Leninist group Revolutionary Left Movement and has since become a supporter of Julian Assange [archive] and moved close to the far-right. The Indicter‘s staff [archive] includes:

The Indicter‘s Associate Editors consist of:

The Indicter‘s channel itself shows strong support for Donald Trump [archive]. Strange for a purported leftist outlet.

Conclusion

The steering committee of the Syria Solidarity Movement is a querfront uniting Stalinists and various fascists in a red-brown alliance, and its fascist nature raises serious questions about why Eva Bartlett and Vanessa Beeley might have stepped down from its steering committee (whose page listed their involvement with fascist milieus) only after their connections with fascists became public knowledge. The Syria Solidarity Movement is itself one of the initial signatories [archive] of the points of unity statement of the Hands Off Syria Coalition (which itself appears to be a front for the fascist Syria Solidarity Movement), together with the ANSWER Coalition, the Black Is Back Coalition, UNAC, Issa Chaer’s Syrian Social Club, Abayomi Azikiwe, Vanessa Beeley, Ramsey Clark, Bruce Gagnon, Margaret Kimberley, John Kiriakou, Ray McGovern, Navid Nasr, and Omali Yeshitela. Not surprising then that Sara Flounders and Joe Iosbaker are the signatories of a petition initiated by Hamed Ghashghavi and whose other signatories are overwhelmingly fascists [archive] in a what appears to be a carefully curated list of signatories. Another petition [archive], drafted by an Iranian NGO the WWP has been working with since at least 2010 [archive], similarly features as initial endorsers Ramsey Clark, Dennis Halliday, Michel Chossudovsky, Mairead Maguire, James Petras, Sara Flounders, Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya, Michel Collon, Paul Larudee, Philip Giraldi, Michel Collon, Eric Walberg, Manuel Ochsenreiter, Silvia Cattori, Pepe Escobar and Joe Lombardo. Strange (and strangely very recurrent among confusionnist outlets) Red-Brown list, isn’t it?

The trend with the WWP and the PSL and their affiliates is that, having been hardline uncritical campists throughout the Cold War, they then latched on to the Red-Brown fascism which came out of the disintegration of the Soviet bloc and Yugoslavia and adopted a similar Manichean for the majority of the crises which happened after the end of the Cold War. The proximity of their leaderships to these Red-Brown fascists and with the likes of Lyndon LaRouche as well as their campism are where the impulse for the WWP and the PSL and their affiliates to support Bashar al-Assad appears to have come from, paralleling how the Party of Italian Communists’ prominent members were also part of the SSNP.

The PSL was recently involved in sponsoring an initiative called the People’s Congress of Resistance [archive], and the Workers World Party and one of its front groups have been involved in a No Platform for Fascism [archive] initiative together with local Anarchists and socialists from New York City, ostensibly to oppose the rise of fascism in the United States. However of what value is such an initiative to the anti-fascist struggle when the leaders of the PSL and the WWP have been working with open fascists for years and the online activity of their rank and file membership suggests these parties are acting as incubators for fascism and future Strasserists, LaRouchites and National Bolsheviks? What contribution can the participation of the genocide denying, crypto-fascist and confusionnist WWP and the PSL and their satellites in the anti-fascist struggle be when they work with “former” CIA members, collaborate with groups creating international fascist networks and their prominent members sit together with Infowars contributors, Third Positionists, National Bolsheviks, LaRouchites and associates of Holocaust deniers on the steering committees of solidarity movements which support primarily fascist causes? After all, Caleb Maupin, one of the products of the WWP’s reactionary nature, himself works with fascists and promotes LaRouche-like conspiracy theories [archive] but recently pulled a publicity stunt by posing as a leftist to debate [archive] with white nationalist Augustus Invictus organized by a right-wing student group, which is evidence of the dangerous nature of these parties in facilitating right-wing entryism within radical movements. Far from being anti-fascist, the PSL and the WWP have knowingly worked to enable fascist entryism and done the same thing which LaRouche’s fascist allies praised him for in 1981 by “confusing, disorienting, and disunifying” the Left.

A Major Leftist Publication And Fascist Entryists

Gilbert Doctorow is a contributor for Russia Insider (where his writing includes Soros conspiracy theories [archive]) and Consortium News (where he writes material such as support for National Bolshevik Mateusz Piskorski [archive]) with positions which align with those of paleoconservatives and fascists [archive]. Doctorow was involved in launching the American Committee for East-West Accord (ACEWA) in June 2014, whose stated mission is to prevent a new Cold War between the United States and Russia.

In September of that year, Doctorow attended [archive] roundtable talks concerning a proposal to establish a Committee for East-West Accord also attended by Ray McGovern, Andrew Korybko, Edward Lozansky (the President of the American University of Moscow, an obscure group whose “fellows” [archive] include Jim Jatras, Daniel McAdams, Alexander Mercouris and Mark Sleboda) and William Murray (the Chairman of the Religious Freedom Coalition, a Christian Right anti-abortion and homophobic organization [archive]).

Lozansky had hosted Dugin in 2004 and 2005, with the 2005 event being also attended by Geydar Dzhemal and Aleksandr Prokhanov. In 2008, Lozansky participated in a conference attended by Dugin, Sergey Kurginyan, Maksim Shevchenko, Aleksandr Zinovyev, Borislav Milosevic, Dzhemal, Valeriy Korovin, Israel Shamir and Israeli fascist Avigdor Eskin.

In December of that year, an European branch of the ACEWA was launched [archive] by Doctorow following roundtable talks including Miroslav Ramsdorf and Gabriela Zimmer, two MEPs for the European United Left-Nordic Green, and Aymeric Chauprade, then a National Front MEP.

Edward Lozansky [archive] is also the founder and president of the World Russia Forum. The participants [archive] of the April 2015 conference of the World Russia Forum included:

While The Nation is obviously not far-right, its attempts to embrace views seen as alternative or non-mainstream or, in the words of its editor vanden Heuvel, “‘heretical’ only to see them championed as conventional wisdom later”, means it has allowed for fringe views which align with the far-right networks close to Russian fascists to be platformed on its website, such as supporting Russian involvement in Syria, supporting and defending Vladimir Putin, and painting Trump as a less hawkish presidential candidate who would mend American ties with Russia.

Following a report on these far-right ties and attempts at forming querfronts by Alexander Reid Ross on the Southern Poverty Law Center (and which I used as source for this note), Russia Insider responded with an article [archive] by Doctorow with a foreword by its editor Charles Bausman attempting to “expose” the SPLC by linking to SPLCexposed [archive], a hard right website whose supporting partners include the National Organization for Marriage, the American Family Association, the American Freedom Law Center, ACT for America, and the Family Research Council.

The Crisis of the Left

Many of these same figures belonging to these red-brown networks regularly appear on Russian and Iranian state media, as well as on obscure and not-so-obscure websites which present themselves as “alternative” and “independent” media but are effectively purveyors and vehicles of crypto-fascist political confusion aiming to appeal to both the far-right and the far-left, especially through a form “anti-imperialism” which appeals to both Third Positionists and campist Stalinists, with the result being that one can find certain campist groups [archive] echoing fascists [archive]. In some other cases, these crypto-fascists infiltrate unprincipled left-wing media, such as with CounterPunch in a case where it decided to self-investigate for once, after allowing fascists such as Israel Shamir to use its platform for years. As leftists, we are rightfully skeptical and critical of corporate and state media such as CNN and the BBC, and we need to apply this critical approach and skepticism towards other platforms such as these so-called “independent” and “alternative” media outlets which promote fascism and conspiracism as well.

This situation was rightly described by revolutionary Marxist and member of Solidarność, Zbigniew Kowalewski: “On the international left, almost nobody knows Russian, and even less Ukrainian; so when the left wants to know what is happening in Ukraine, it finds itself in a catastrophic situation. So as not to depend on the Western media, it is condemned to have recourse to the English-language propaganda of the Putin regime and to that of the so-called “anti-imperialist networks” which are pro-Russian (often “red-brown” or downright brown)“.

Alexander Reid Ross also writes on the Southern Poverty Law Center that “…the conduits of “geopolitical” ideology from Russian media to pro-Russian sites and the U.S. mainstream can serve as a Trojan horse for fascist tendencies and sympathies. Pro-Putin networks like RT and Sputnik, which have played host to far-right commentators like Dugin, Richard Spencer and German neo-Eurasianist Manuel Ochsenreiter serve as vehicles for far-right ideologies laundered into US news and commentary sites under the auspices of geopolitical commentary. Unfortunately, the Left has not launched a serious effort to disconnect from collaborations with far-right groups in the context of networks that support and are often supported by Putin’s Russia. This situation has caused influential bodies like the ACEWA to facilitate the growth of transnational, far-right politics and, more specifically, the fascist neo-Eurasianist movement.

And, rightly so, French anti-fascists warn that political confusion is dangerous as it serves as recruitment for fascism, which is obvious in how certain hacks such as Caitlin Johnstone call for an “anti-establishment” alliance between the Left and fascists and are embraced with open arms by the unholy alliance of Cynthia McKinney and Robert Steele [archive], in how the dangerous American neo-fascist movement which collaborates with the American state is explicitly aiming to attract leftists by using anti-capitalist rhetoric (a strategy which the European far-right is unfortunately exploiting successfully even as fascism is experiencing a worrying and murderous resurgence in Italy), and how sections of the so-called “anti-imperialist Left” repeat the same positions as fascists, for example concerning Syria, Libya and Ukraine, while remaining in denial about this fact and labeling all criticism of their reactionary positions as “McCarthyism”. This is something which Martin A. Lee was already warning of in a report for the Southern Poverty Law Center in 2000, where he writes of the possibility of a resurgence of fascism under hidden forms, especially in the context where fascist critiques overlap with genuine left-wing radical critiques of globalization.

What we are seeing here is not a principled anti-imperialism on an internationalist basis which opposes all imperialist states and all oppressive regimes. This is instead an embrace of fascism and conspiracism by certain sections of the Left for the sake of a crude, kneejerk and vulgar geopolitical alignment inherited from Cold War campism, and which goes beyond rightfully opposing American imperialism to instead supports oppressive states which commit war crimes or are themselves imperialist if they stand on the other side of the US on a geopolitical issue.

As radical leftist anti-fascists, anti-racists, anti-colonialists, and anti-capitalists struggling for liberation, we can fight against imperialism, against racism, and against fascism at the same time, and we can oppose the American war machine and oppose colonialism without siding with reactionary and oppressive entities. We can support liberation in Palestine, Bahrain, India, Venezuela and everywhere else where people are struggling against oppression without allying to fascists or allowing them to try co-opting our movements. We need to act on legitimately internationalist principles and oppose fascism, state power, capital and liberalism, based on the principles of Karl Liebknecht when he wrote “This enemy at home must be fought… in a political struggle, cooperating with the proletariat of other countries whose struggle is against their own imperialists” and “Everything for the International Proletariat,… and Downtrodden Humanity“. Unfortunately sections of the radical movement have failed or have been purposely misled by crypto-fascists. Having started writing this post on the centenary of the Russian Revolution and initially published it exactly 99 years since the murder of Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht by counter-revolutionary forces within the so-called “Left”, even as protests are rocking Tunisia on the seventh anniversary of the beginning of the Arab Spring, I have only one thing to say: we badly need to do better, comrades.

Comments

akai

6 years 11 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by akai on February 1, 2018

Thanks for the effort put into this.

Unfortunately, this is the just the tip of the iceberg.

As a person who fought many of the people mentioned directly for years, I could say a lot, but have one main comment. You have lots of information here and even some good analysis of the ways that the red-browns made alliances. But some of these alliances were broader even than that, with ill-defined anarchists, leftists and anti-globalists often drawn to various shades of fash. It continues to this day and mostly is met with denial. What is needed is an analysis of issues which become points for cooperation and then, an analysis of how these points have been treated on the left, in the ill-defined anarchist movement, etc. For example, anti-globalism and anti-imperialism have been issues which were often crudely used. In Poland, we have what I call an "anti-Atlantist" point of view which joined, for example, some so-called leftists with Duginists, etc. etc. Actually, sort of a shame that there wasn't more about the querfronts here, because they are very dangerous, and lots of assholes around the globe seem to be fooled by folks, but thanks for mentioning at least those Stalinist-Duginist creeps.

Mike Harman

6 years 11 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Mike Harman on February 1, 2018

Spencer Sunshine's piece on Occupy covers some of that ground, and becomes more and more relevant as 'ill-defined' Occupy participants have become alt-right figures (such as Jason Kessler)

Adbusters have been another example of this for a long time as well.

There's really two things that combine:

* 'Campism' - I think calling it 'anti-imperialism' does it too much credit, people doing this haven't even read Lenin usually, and it's an explicitly pro-imperialist position as long as that imperialism is Russia, Turkey, China etc.

* Conspiracy theories and structural anti-semitism, as you put it 'anti-globalism'.

In general Marxist-Leninists tend towards campism via anti-imperialism, and anarchists (loosely defined) tend towards anti-globalism.

Conspiracy theories in general are very popular, so it's very easy for people to get hooked on this stuff, and there is an internal coherence that makes it hard to get out again.

To some extent that's why I appreciate that this article is mainly a blow-by-blow of very specific red-brown alliances rather than going into the actual politics too much - since hopefully some people who read the 'left' side of these arguments and not the right, will look at the associations and recoil.

Mike Harman

6 years 10 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Mike Harman on February 5, 2018

I've just updated this to match the most recent version at https://ravingsofaradicalvagabond.noblogs.org/post/2018/01/15/an-investigation-into-red-brown-alliances/

alexanderreidross

6 years 10 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by alexanderreidross on February 5, 2018

This article claims that I “suggested” that the World National-Conservative Movement (WNCM) “grew out of” the Anti-Globalization Movement of Russia's conference, “Right of Peoples to Self-Determination and Building a Multi-Polar World." This is false. My description of the anti-globalization conference was "early warning sign," which is very different from the root. The "Anti-Globalization Movement" group is closely linked to Rodina, which convened the WNCM, so to say that the “Right of Peoples to Self-Determination and Building a Multi-Polar World" anticipated the WNCM is accurate, particularly when you consider that the WNCM brought together parties from the radical right focused on increases in herrenvolk welfare and social services based on a syncretic platform that jibes with the "fascist left," some of whom attended both conferences.

Please edit the piece accordingly. Thanks!!

Mike Harman

6 years 10 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Mike Harman on February 6, 2018

The Vagabond site updated this again, so have updated our version to reflect that too. It includes Alexander Reid-Ross' correction above (and some of the references are recursive, but I've left the text unchanged from the original - at least until the Vagabond version stops getting updated so often).

teh

6 years 10 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by teh on February 7, 2018

we can oppose the American war machine and oppose colonialism without siding with reactionary and oppressive entities.

=======

When the popular protest movement started in Syria in 2011

as soon as the Syrian protest movement started in 2011, Chossudovsky the conspiracist himself advanced it was an imperialist plot to destabilize Syria

despite numerous Syrian Anarchists and Marxists having given evidence of a Syrian revolution’s existence.

(included are open democracy hyperlinks)

RT hosted Barrett multiple times, where he claimed that:


the Darayya massacre of 2012 was a “false flag” whose aim was to seek Western intervention in Syria and partition the country [archive]
claimed al-Qaeda is a creation by the West to serve Israel’s interests and that a US intervention in Syria meant that the US was “al-Qaeda’s air force” [archive]
that Israel pushing Washington to take a harder line against Assad would lead to a World War [archive]
that Israel and Saudi Arabia did 9/11, were behind “false flags” and were destabilizing Syria [archive]
that the War on Terror was part of a US plan to establish the “New World Order” [archive].

21st Century Wire’s position on the war in Syria as of 2011 itself has been that it is a “regime change” plot by the “globalists” [archive] and by George Soros [archive], and that Da’esh is a CIA creation [archive] used as a tool to establish the “New World Order” [archive]. Beeley appears to be the source of conspiracies surrounding the White Helmets which were then aired by Russian state media [archive].


Yeltsin’s decision to dissolve the State Duma which led to the failed coup attempt of 1993

Anton Shekhovtsov has explained how

Anti-Orange Committee was founded in opposition to the anti-Putin protests of 2011, and adhered to a conspiratorial worldview where it perceived the protests against Putin to be the result of a Western conspiracy by the CIA or by fascists who support WWII era war criminal and Nazi collaborationist Stepan Bandera, an alleged conspiracy which it also blamed for the 2005 Orange Revolution in Ukraine, and which a large number of fascists repeat in the context of the Euromaidan and the Arab Spring.


=========

Dude who are you kidding, this is the position of the United States lock,stock, and barrel. Ain't a inch difference. You even have the consolidation of power by private capital in Russia via yet another coup centered around the figure of Yeltsin described as a defeat of a "failed coup attempt" by the Nazi party. Your sources include, among many others, a hyperlink to nihilist.li whose front page links to support articles for the PKK ethno-nationalist terrorist group against Turkeys incursion into Syria (though not the civilized NATO members) and for freedom for Olexandr Kolchenko a Euromaidan participant who was jailed for arson because his family opposed Crimea being part of Russian and not Ukraine. You then end with a quote from an article by "revolutionary marxist" Solidarity (!) member and possessor of presidential state Order of Polonia Restituta Zbigniew Kowalewski with an afterword by Gabriel Levy that says "It is also a matter of socialist principle that we should support" the people arrested by the "Bolotnoe case" in Russia ie a white-brown and red-brown coalition including the very "red-browns" that you mention in this very polemic like Eddie Limonov, who only didnt appear at Bolotnoe square because it was legally sanctioned and he wanted a permit-less rally on Revolution square, as well as the jailed Left Front leader whose family was supported financially by KPRF while he was in prison, etc, etc (but Ill get to your anti-fascism in a moment).

What exactly is your opposition to the "American war machine and oppose colonialism" - that you support strategies that work against the savage injun tribes (the top three strategic adversaries China Russia and Iran are all here as representatives of the fascist international and that is no coincidence) as opposed to - let me guess - those bad Republican ones which dont end well for America like the "Iraq war," which gave the troops ptsd and Iran a friendly neighbor?

You cant posture as "neither Moscow or Washington" when you are firmly with the goals and ideals of Washington down to the letter. The only consistency between supporting political islam/kurdish separatists whose booj leadership want the class rights denied to them by the coalition of socialist and arab nationalist parties in Damascus and then at the same time - the opposite - supporting the regional center-right parties in Ukraine who purged and smashed their regional rivals because they kept losing national elections to them (and then ordered a freaking military crackdown because the ex-presidents political stronghold strangely didnt take it passively) is that both project USA nationalism. Hell Obamas last State of the Union address mentioned both countries, where in his own words the US is on the offensive. Your statements about "condemning the right-wing elements of Euromaidan, the Kiev governments alliance with fascists" and "syrian activists" as counterbalancing bad rebels is copy/pasted from the US government (and for that matter the Chinese government) from the Cold War Latin America (whether Chile or El Salvador) about how "death squads" are bad and the backward natives need to be taught so-called human rights but "Soviet imperialism" must be stopped. Never mind those "death squads" were armed and trained by the US army just they were in Ukraine and Syria on whom the Latin American model was directly and consciously imported on.

Anti-Fascism

Most tellingly is the hyperlinked statement on "Anarchists in Ukraine" by the Socialist Youth Front which says:

In that situation, the Autonomous Workers Union believes that an alliance of liberal forces is central:

"The most rational strategy is a public criticism of the extreme right wing's actions and ideology. We do not have the physical struggle, but we are able to build a broad, informal front with liberals who see a danger in the extreme right.

"Joint action will not force us to abandon our political views: we do not abandon the right to publicly criticize liberal fighters due to temporary cooperation against a common enemy.

.....

- Our political agenda after the Maidan rebellion is unchanged: We are fighting for political, social and professional rights. We argue for a socialist agenda and building a stronger class movement. But the current circumstances require reassessment of our tactics.

Anti-fascism was the Soviet Union allying with the main Empires (namely Britain and France) of the world against rising regional powers because they faced physical and national extermination by the later (never mind that for the masses of humanity the former were the greater evil by far). The strategy worked but its side effect was that democracy was legitimized by the masses (and this effect was accelerated by Communist parties after the war). Well we live with the freedoms of oligarchy today but what is the purpose of todays Western anti-facsism? It puts fascism on its head: instead of fascism being an elite minority trying to stop mob rule when the normal functions of state have failed to do so its is now mob rule trying to overthrow an enlightened elite (with the mob led by the orient and phantoms of obscure far-right figures from wikipedia which never amounted to any semblance of mass influence in their lifetimes or after). Just as right-liberals took the label Libertarian when the French communist movement of that name withered away so today people who hold the principles of international republicanism - individual liberty and democracy - are taking the far-left and socialist label.

Fine but you too are guilty by association. Never mind that, as you hinted in the intro, the US (and especially its social democratic tendencies) is the leading sponsors of third world fascism during [and after] the "Cold War" and that as there has been no regime change in the USA both supporters of US-backed "revolutions" in Syria and Ukraine are guilty of association. Lets just stick to your "red brown" figures. Quite curious that your biography of Limonov has a gap between "1998" and "2014"? What could be the reason for that? You say that its "conspiratorial worldview" that "anti Putin protests of 2011" and the "Orange Revolution" (both of which you imply should be supported including with an article by the colonialist Moscow Times about 2011s prisoners) was a "a Western conspiracy" even though "the west" was proclaiming it so a the top of their lungs - why is the alliance between liberalism and fascism worthy of your support but not "red-brown" coalitions? In addition KPRF, which you label "red brown", made up the mass of protesters in the "anti-Putin" 2011 protests and when they pulled out (along with center-left party Just Russia - which was composed of "fascist" Rodina at the time - that most of the - very - upper class protesters voted for in 2011) they quickly dissipated.

You mention the main red-brown publication in the US Counterpunch twice. Once seemingly apologetically:

In some other cases, these crypto-fascists infiltrate unprincipled left-wing media, such as with CounterPunch in a case where it decided to self-investigate for once, after allowing fascists such as Israel Shamir to use its platform for years.


Counterpunch was explicitly run by Alexander Cockburn on the platform of forming alliances between the traditionalist right and the left against the US mainstream. Never mind they publish avidly *all* the people you call red-browns in the polemic above (just as never mind that the "revolutionary" Kurdish militias you support where armed and funded for decades by the same Syrian Baath you label fascist and Nazi collaborator by association). Counterpunch regularly published anti-Semite Gilad Atzmon, the grandfather icon of paleoconservatism Pat Buchanan and Hezbollah favorite Franklyn Lamb.

You also write with more hostility:

Alexander Reid Ross calls an attempt at creating a fascist internationale [archive] (Ross should know better than publishing this on the red-brown cesspool that CounterPunch is though

But Ross is an author published by AK Press, the same publisher - not mere seller - of Alexander Cockburn and other Counterpunch books. They also published a book (again *published*) by paleo-conservative (and Counterpunch regular) Paul Craig Roberts- who is an avid supporter of the French National Front on sovereigntist principles as well as other neo-fascist anti-Anglo parties. Why is Ross of AK Press and AK Press itself fine but the Trot parties - who aren't "Stalinist" - like Workers World and PSL toxic and worthy of being shunned?

Of course I'm only taking associating with "bad" "right" wingers who are illiberal and dont like anglo power - something Im sure will correct itself as the war accelerates (while the pro-usa right-illiberals can continue to be triangulated). Though I note that this notion of political "toxicity" is something very American in culture (but not unique) - probably because its a very closed society politically/socially given its age - why is there no toxicity towards associating with liberalism - that is the people actually in power. It seems that regime change is not on the agenda but protecting private capital against its adversaries however token and pathetically marginal like "third positionists" is.

We can support liberation in Palestine, Bahrain, India, Venezuela and everywhere else where people are struggling against oppression without allying to fascists or allowing them to try co-opting our movements.

What! Everyone of these are associated past and present with the hard right domestically as well as the supposed national backers of fascist internationalism that you write about here. If theres no Russia, Iran, and China then not a single one of these booj movements would have the money, strategic depth, or arms to exist for a day just as the rebel/terrorist movements of Latin America and Africa vanished right after the Soviet Union fell.

With this anti-fascism I dont see why if China were to be "liberated" by the west tomorrow the Left wouldnt immediately and enthusiastically mobilize to support the re-conquest of India in the name of fighting fascist hindu supremacists, freeing satis and homosexuals, and various progressive oppressed nationalities that make up the "artificial Indian state."

Mike Harman

6 years 10 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Mike Harman on February 11, 2018

The author of the blog responded to teh's comment here:

https://ravingsofaradicalvagabond.noblogs.org/post/2018/02/08/new-update-and-response-to-the-comments-of-teh-on-libcom-org/

nestormakhno

6 years 10 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by nestormakhno on February 12, 2018

"National-Anarchism cannot be considered a legitimate form of Anarchism since its founders did not receive apostolic succession through the laying on of hands by authentic anarchists, as determined by the central planning committee of the Anarchist International."

National-Anarchists are anarchists, regardless of whether or not you consider them to be kosher by your standards. Rather than welcome the fact that their philosophy offers a route out of reactionary positions into a libertarian outlook, you tar them with the same brush as the statists.

I share your distaste for the ethos of the 'red-brown' alliance, however you do yourself something of a disservice here. I'd invite you to try engaging with people aligned with N-A to see for yourself that they are far removed from the authoritarians you mention herein, regardless of what sensationalists like Alexander Reid-Ross might have you believe.

admin - this user has been banned, leaving the comment here because there are already replies to it

jura

6 years 10 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by jura on February 12, 2018

National-anarchists are fascist scum.

Uncreative

6 years 10 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Uncreative on February 12, 2018

nestormakhno

National-Anarchists are anarchists, regardless of whether or not you consider them to be kosher by your standards.

No, they really aren't. Sticking the word "anarcho" or "anarchist" next to to your nonsense reactionary idea of choice (nationalist, capitalist, monarchist, whatever) does not serve to create a coherent body of anarchist political thought.

Mike Harman

6 years 10 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Mike Harman on February 13, 2018

teh

But Ross is an author published by AK Press, the same publisher - not mere seller - of Alexander Cockburn and other Counterpunch books. They also published a book (again *published*) by paleo-conservative (and Counterpunch regular) Paul Craig Roberts- who is an avid supporter of the French National Front on sovereigntist principles as well as other neo-fascist anti-Anglo parties. Why is Ross of AK Press and AK Press itself fine

I asked AK Press about Paul Craig Roberts (with a link to a couple of the 'white genocide' blog posts on his site from this year) and got this response:

AK Press

Thanks for bringing this to our attention. As the commenter said, this was a co-published title that was acquired and edited by CounterPunch and we were basically the conduit to the book trade—so our knowledge of Roberts and his background was pretty limited even at the time. We haven't had any direct relationship with him and his book has been out of print for about five years now.

Anyway, this is good to know and we won't be working with him (even indirectly) again.

teh

but the Trot parties - who aren't "Stalinist" - like Workers World and PSL toxic and worthy of being shunned?

PSL and Workers World being Stalinist or Trotskyist is an interesting question. They were splits (led by Sam Marcy) from the SWP, but because they supported the 1956 suppression of the Hungarian uprising by the USSR. WWP describe themselves as 'Marxist Leninist' now: https://www.workers.org/wwp/what-is-wwp/

So sort of a mirror image of the groups that broke from the USSR-aligned communist parties after 1956, in that they split the opposite direction to support the USSR. They're not classical stalinists, but they supported Stalin against the 'revisionism' of Kruschev, are literally 'tankies' in that supporting tanks crushing workers was the basis of the split. Doubt any of their membership would describe themselves as Trotskyist.

gustavlandauer

6 years 10 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by gustavlandauer on February 15, 2018

Uncreative

nestormakhno

National-Anarchists are anarchists, regardless of whether or not you consider them to be kosher by your standards.

No, they really aren't. Sticking the word "anarcho" or "anarchist" next to to your nonsense reactionary idea of choice (nationalist, capitalist, monarchist, whatever) does not serve to create a coherent body of anarchist political thought.

Drawing on the work of the German sociologist Ferdinand Toennies, Landauer developed the distinction between community (Gemeinschaft), which is an organic, long-standing living together, and atomized, mechanical, and transitory society (Gesellschaft). He wanted to see the reborn community develop out of the artificial shell of existing society and the State. His most penetrating and oft-quoted insight is the recognition that the State is not merely something standing above society but a force which permeates everyday life:

admin - banned this returning national anarchist account too

Uncreative

6 years 10 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Uncreative on February 15, 2018

Peter Marshall, not Gustav Landauer

Drawing on the work of the German sociologist Ferdinand Toennies, Landauer developed the distinction between community (Gemeinschaft), which is an organic, long-standing living together, and atomized, mechanical, and transitory society (Gesellschaft). He wanted to see the reborn community develop out of the artificial shell of existing society and the State. His most penetrating and oft-quoted insight is the recognition that the State is not merely something standing above society but a force which permeates everyday life:

- Stop trying to make anarcho-nationalism happen. Its not gonna happen.

- Interesting that the first proponent of anarcho-nationalism that you quote was shot and stamped to death by, er, nationalists for his role in a workers revolution.

- You still haven't served to create a coherent body of anarchist thought with that one quote from Peter Marshall, no more than i could pretend "anarcho-anti-semitism" or "anarcho-allied imperialism" or "anarcho-toryism" exist as genuine currents of anarchist political thought by select quotes from Bakunin or Kropotkin or Orwell respectively.

- That quote doesn't really back up your argument terribly well anyway, imo.

- That Peter Marshall books portrayal of anarchism is not terribly good, if I recall correctly (while since i read it). He seemed quite concerned with establishing some eternal anarchist idea thats always existed across time and space, with Bakunin and Lao-Tzu as comrades in arms, and jettisons quite a lot of what made the actually existing anarchist movement what it was to try and include other randomers in it - and in addition also portrays these different "tendencies" as in some way equal to the actual anarchist movement. Big tent, wikipedia-style, "anarchism-without-adjectives" at its worst.

Anyway, excitied to see whose name you're going to use next as part of your shitty attempt to promote nationalism.

EDIT: Also, considering the topic of the OP, do you cite Landauer because you trying to claim that he would have been in favour of the red-brown alliances criticised in the post? Seems like a strange claim to me.

Mike Harman

6 years 10 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Mike Harman on February 15, 2018

I read the Peter Marshall book in my early '20s (before libcom had a proper archive, sniff), and it was terrible. @uncreative's comment describes it exactly.

Mike Harman

6 years 9 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Mike Harman on March 21, 2018

The twitter user 'Turing Police' has said that they're not a PSL member, so that should probably be corrected (there's no way to contact the author of this piece, but they've responded to comments posted here via their blog before).

Mike Harman

6 years 9 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Mike Harman on March 26, 2018

Also noticed that one reference from this piece goes to the Ukrainian Nihilist site. I can't read it, so it may or may not stand on its own merits, but following the discussion in https://libcom.org/forums/organise/nihilist-ukrainian-anarchist-online-zine-11022018 that's not a site I'd personally link to as a source if there was an alternative available.

Mike Harman

6 years 9 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Mike Harman on March 28, 2018

Couple of interesting things about the older WWP that I didn't know:

1. They supported Jesse Jackson's presidential run in 1984. https://www.workers.org/2008/us/ww_1984_1002/

2. this also involved defending Louis Farrakhan. The original article by Sam Marcy is not online, but this response to it is: https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ncm-7/wa-supplement/2-1.html#article90

And a bit more on Gloria Riva's support for Milosevic: https://iacenter.org/bosnia/yugo_extr5.htm

International Action Center

Following the Belgrade regime's treacherous act, thousands �protested June 28. The next day, over 20,000 people filled �Belgrade's Freedom Square at a mass rally organized by �Milosevic's Socialist Party of Serbia and other progressive �and nationalist forces.

The working-class demonstrators expressed their rage at what �they consider Djindjic's blow to Yugoslavia's sovereignty. �They roared approval as speakers denounced Djindjic and �Kostunica.

Along with speakers representing many Yugoslav groups and �showing a broad unity, former U.S. Attorney General Ramsey �Clark expressed solidarity with Milosevic and called for his �release. Clark had arrived just three hours earlier with �Gloria La Riva, a videographer and IAC organizer.

Clark had attempted to reach Belgrade two days earlier to �help fight Milosevic's extradition, but the Yugoslav Embassy �in Washington, D.C., denied him a visa. This was the first �time Clark had been denied a Yugoslav visa.

The IAC two-person delegation flew to Belgrade without �visas. Though the delegation was detained at the airport in �Belgrade, progressive supporters intervened and eventually �the two were admitted into the country.

Many Yugoslavs--from former government officials to the �general population--remember Clark for his opposition to the �war and his solidarity in 1999 when he paid two visits to �Yugoslavia under the bombs. The 20,000 people in the crowd �cheered his comments throughout his talk.

"United," he said, "the people of Yugoslavia can show the �way to the rest of the world. We need you desperately. But �we've got work to do.

"We have to return President Slobodan Milosevic to his �native soil and we've got to do it now. ... We have to see �that the government officials responsible for the criminal �act of his surrender are prosecuted and removed from office.

"And we have one great task. That is to abolish the criminal �tribunal. We must never again allow a target court that �persecutes a single people, as against Yugoslavia and �Rwanda."

Clark and La Riva met with Zivadin Jovanovic, former foreign �minister of Yugoslavia and acting president of the Socialist �Party of Serbia. Jovanovic denounced the $1.28 billion bribe �promised in exchange for Milosevic's handover by the Donors' �Conference on Yugoslavia held June 29 in Brussels.

Jovanovic read from a headline in the now pro-capitalist �press in Belgrade. It said, "The world has supported �Yugoslavia with $1.28 billion." Jovanovic said, "This is to �cover up a shameful, criminal handing over of Milosevic to �The Hague.

Mike Harman

6 years 9 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Mike Harman on March 28, 2018

Also a further comment about the WWP's support for a national bolshevik Russian grouping as early as 2001:

------------
Appendix 1

THE IAC AND THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST SANCTIONS: HELPING THE IRAQI PEOPLE OR SADDAM HUSAYN?

One of the IAC's best-known campaigns is aimed at lifting all economic sanctions against Iraq. By raising this issue, the IAC is trying to appeal to many people who have no sympathy for Iraq but who are rightly concerned that the way sanctions are currently imposed only ends up punishing ordinary Iraqis, particularly children, who are deprived of food and medicine while the ruling elite remains unharmed. UN agencies involved with Iraq believe that as a result of the way the sanctions policy has been implemented, thousands of innocent Iraqi civilians are needlessly dying every month. The sanctions policy has also been seized upon by Saddam Husayn to generate sympathy for Iraq, both in the West and especially within the Muslim world. Husayn, of course, wants an end to all sanctions so that he can go about rebuilding his war machine. From his point of view, humanitarian concerns about sanctions serve as a perfect "wedge" issue to force an end to any UN-imposed restrictions on Iraq's sovereignty, restrictions that were heightened after he violated his promise to allow UN inspectors to freely examine potential nuclear, biological, and chemical warfare sites on Iraqi soil.

In an attempt to rectify the injustices caused by sanctions, U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell appeared on March 7th, 2001 before the House International Relations Committee to argue for "humane, smart sanctions" that "target Saddam Hussein not the Iraqi people." A similar view was reflected in a report on Iraq from the Fourth Freedom Foundation authored by David Cortright, a former executive director of the anti-war group SANE. Cortright proposes a revised sanctions policy that specifically targets Husayn's ability to use Iraqi oil revenue to either build or import weapons and "duel use" goods while letting commercial companies, not the UN, be responsible for certifying and providing notification of civilian imports into Iraq. The proposal would also permit the ordering and contracting of civilian goods on an "as-required basis" to overcome cumbersome UN regulations.

While by no means perfect, Powell’s support for "smart sanctions" met with enormous resistance from both Congress and the Pentagon, both of whom fear being seen as overly "soft" on Iraq. Given this political reality, one would have thought that the IAC might have given at least some of Powell's or Cortright's proposals a degree of critical support, since they would materially improve the conditions of ordinary Iraqis -- something the IAC itself claims to be so concerned about -- as well as open up a broader discussion of the sanctions issue. Yet in a March 20th statement, Richard Becker, the IAC's "Western Regional Coordinator" (and a leading member of the WWP), denounced smart sanctions as a "poisonous fraud," claimed that smart sanctions were a form of colonialism, and renewed the IAC's demand "to unconditionally lift the genocidal sanctions against Iraq" which, coincidently enough, is exactly what Saddam Husayn himself would like so that he can rebuild his military machine.

The manipulation of the Iraq sanctions issue by the far left for its own political goals may have hurt the campaign against sanctions, according to Scott Ritter. Ritter, a former Marine Captain who led the United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) disarmament team in Iraq for seven years, is today a leading advocate of ending the type of sanctions that only hurt the Iraqi people. In an interview with Ali Asadullah (available from iviews.com) that appeared on February 2nd, 2000, Ritter stated that one of the problems which genuine sanction critics have being taken seriously is that the issue "has been embraced by, I would say, the fringe left of the United States. . .Because the issue has been embraced by the left -- including radical elements of the left -- it's lost a little bit of its political credibility." Due to the fringe left's radical beliefs, "virtually all of what they say [about Iraq] is wrong, factually; or heavily slanted with a political ideology that most of Americans don't find attractive." When one fringe left group claimed that American policy in Iraq was equivalent to Auschwitz, Ritter told them that such a statemenot not only alienated people, but that "[it was] about as grossly an irresponsible statement as I can imagine. This isn't Auschwitz, this isn't genocide. . .This is a horrible policy that's resulting in hundreds of thousands of dead kids. But there's a big difference between the two." Ritter also said that it was almost impossible to get a legitimate debate in the U.S. about sanctions because while one side "demonizes" Iraq, the opposition views "the regime as some sort of nice little genteel Middle East nation."

When specifically asked about Ramsey Clark, Ritter replied: "I wouldn't be in touch with Ramsey Clark. . .I fought in the Gulf War. I was in that war. I know what went on during that war, and we're not war criminals. I'm not a war criminal. And none of the people I served with are war criminals. And yet he's accusing the U.S. of committing war crimes because A-10 aircraft fired depleted uranium shells at Iraqi tanks. That's horribly irresponsible. I don't want to be associated with that man. That's the kind of thing I'm talking about. He may have a point when it comes to economic sanctions, but he hasn't a clue of what's involved in modern warfare and why we targeted certain targets. . .He's grossly irresponsible in some of the things he says." Apparently, Saddam Husayn disagrees with Ritter's assessment of Clark. Otherwise why would he continue to welcome Ramsey Clark-led IAC delegations to Baghdad year after year with open arms?

------------------------

Appendix 2

"ANSWER"AND THE "POD PEOPLE"

The IAC/WWP's new group, International ANSWER (Act Now to Stop War & End Racism), coordinated the September 29th protests in Washington and San Francisco that drew close to 20,000 participants. ANSWER is now calling for renewed nationwide anti-war actions on October 27th.

There can be little doubt about ANSWER’s ties to the WWP. ANSWER's September 23rd press release, for example, listed as "press contacts" Richard Becker and Sarah Sloan. A director of the West Coast IAC, Becker was one of the WWP leaders chosen to give a presentation honoring the memory of the WWP’s founder, Sam Marcy. As for Sarah Sloan, "Youth Coordinator for ANSWER," she is also the "Youth Coordinator" for the IAC. Wearing her WWP hat, Sloan gave a presentation on the evils of capitalism at a WWP conference held at New York's Fashion Institute of Technology on December 2nd and 3rd, 2000. Teresa Gutierrez, another ANSWER leader, a speaker at the September 29th Washington demo and the "Co-Director, IAC," is further described in an ANSWER press release as the "co-chairperson of the National Committee to Return Elian Gonzalez to Cuba, and [as] a coordinator of the International Peace for Cuba Appeal." Unmentioned in the press release is the fact that Gutierrez is also a long-standing WWP leader who, in her March 14th, 1998 speech at a WWP memorial to Sam Marcy held in New York, gushed, "As a lesbian, as a Latina, as a woman and as a worker, I feel compelled today to express my utmost gratitude to this man [Marcy]." Yet another ANWER statement came from one Brian Becker (not to be confused with Richard Becker), a "Co-Director of the International Action Center," national coordinator of the January 20th, 2001 "Counter-Inaugural Protest" in Washington, D.C., and "a frequent commentator on Fox TV." In the WWP paper Workers World, Brian Becker is identified as a member of the WWP's Secretariat.

The WWP/IAC/ANSWER network is now pushing its own paranoid Marxoid line on the war by claiming that U.S.-led military actions against "Usamah ibn Ladin and other Islamist terrorists is really part of a U.S. imperialist plot." An IAC statement on the current crisis begins: "As the U.S.-led bombing campaign against the people of Afghanistan continues and civilian casualties mount, the International Action Center condemns in the strongest terms this latest terror bombing of a civilian population." Of course, only the most hardened leftist ideologue (or Muslim extremist) could believe that the U.S. attack in Afghanistan is a "terror bombing" campaign that is intentionally directed at Afghanistan's "civilian population" and not at the Taliban. The IAC statement then calls for opposition to "this imperialist war" and concocts a conspiracy theory blaming the "U.S. military-oil complex" for using the 9/11 attack as "a cynical opportunity" to beat its "rivals in Germany and Russia, for the oil resources of the former Soviet Union," thereby ignoring the obvious fact that both Germany and Russia completely support U.S. actions against Islamist terrorist fanatics.

Given the sheer crudeness of the WWP and its allied organizations, one would have thought that the "capitalist imperialist" press would play a key role in exposing the WWP's central role in both the IAC and ANSWER. Yet nothing could be further from the truth. Indeed, ANSWER itself reprints reports from both Reuters and the Washington Post about the Washington protests that treat both the IAC and ANSWER as if they were perfectly legitimate groups. CNN's C-SPAN even covered the September 29th Washington demonstration in its entirety. Until now, virtually nothing has been written about the IAC/WWP, even in the upscale left/liberal press -- with two notable exceptions. The first was John Judis' article on Ramsey Clark for the April 22th, 1991 issue of the New Republic. More recently, The Nation magazine's UN correspondent, Ian Williams, wrote a June 21st, 1999 article for Salon entitled "Ramsey Clark, the war criminal’s best friend," which comments on the IAC/WWP.
Outside of these two articles, in order to find any real commentary on the IAC and WWP, one has to turn to the left sectarian and anarchist press. Perhaps the most detailed article dealing with Ramsey Clark, the IAC, and the WWP appeared in the Lower East Side New York-anarchist journal The Shadow a few years ago, in an article by Manny Goldstein entitled "The Mysterious Ramsey Clark: Stalinist Dupe or Ruling-Class Spook?"(to which one is tempted to add "or Flat-Out Kook"). This article has recently been widely circulated on the Internet. Self-described "council communist" Lefty Hooligan has also exposed the WWP/IAC in the punk rock publication Maximum RocknRoll. In his February 1998 MRR column, for example, Hooligan commented on longtime WWP honcho Gloria LaRiva, whose "handcuffs-and-nightstick Leftism is also evident in her unapologetic support for Saddam Hussein's brutality." (This is the same Gloria LaRiva who, according to a report in the August 9th, 1990 Workers World, told a San Francisco audience that "Cuba is far more democratic than the U.S.") Hooligan’s remarks, however, did not prevent MRR from later running a virtual press release from the IAC attacking American perfidy in its misnamed "News" section.
The WWP/IAC connection has also been repeatedly exposed by the WWP's rivals in the fringe Trotskyist movement, most notably in the Spartacist League paper Workers Vanguard, which in its September 28th, 2001 issue casually refers to the "Stalinoid Workers World Party" as well as the "WWP's International Action Center" without further elaboration, presumably since the WWP's role in the IAC is already so well known to fringe leftists. The April-May 1999 issue of The Internationalist (from yet another Trotskyist splinter group) devotes an entire page to attacking the WWP and "its creation the International Action Center" for serving as a "leftist front for reactionary Serbian nationalist politics." The WWP's presence inside the IAC is equally transparent to European leftists like Max Bohnel, a writer for the German Communist paper Neues Deutschland. In describing the IAC in a June 23rd, 1999 article, he wrote: "Hinter dem IAC steht die 'Workers World Party' (WWP), die den langsamen Zusammenbruch der US-Restlinken bemerkenswert gut überstanden hat." ["Behind the IAC stands the Workers World Party, which has withstood the gradual collapse of the remaining US left remarkably well."] Neues Deutschland then points out that both Ramsey Clark and the WWP have even come under criticism from other leftists because of their lack of criticism ["wegen mangelnder Kritik"] for the governments of Iraq and Yugoslavia.

Even activists on the libertarian/isolationist right like Justin Raimondo of antiwar.com have noticed the heavy hand of the WWP. In a July 2nd, 2001 column, Raimondo pointed out that Ramsey Clark "is nothing if not a walking stereotype, ever since he joined up with the Workers World Party cult that runs his 'International Action Center'." Raimondo then continues: "The WWP pod people, having taken over the body of an ex-U.S. Attorney General, use Clark as a front to push their own zealous defense of virtually every tyrant on earth, from Saddam Hussein to the black 'anti-imperialist' militias of Rwanda, to Slobadan Milosevic." After describing Clark as "positively spooky," Raimondo notes that the IAC "not only defends tyrants against US intervention -- it glorifies them as heroic fighters for 'socialism'."

Of course it should be pointed out that the WWP's radical critics themselves often promote views that are almost as wacky as those of the WWP. Nonetheless, up until now it has primarily been voices from the fringe Left that have pointed out the ties between the IAC and WWP, ties that are utterly transparent to anyone with even the slightest knowledge of the Left, but which appear to be utterly opaque to big "capitalist" media outlets like Reuters, the Washington Post, and CNN.

------------------------

Appendix 3

THE WWP: FROM KIM IL SUNG’S BIRTHDAY PARTY TO THE RUSSIAN "RED-BROWN ALLIANCE"

The Orwellian absurdity that is the WWP reaches its summit with the group's well-known love for that well-known bastion of human rights and free thought, North Korea. Longtime WWP leader Deirdre Griswold captured the sect's admiration for the world's last remaining Stalinist state when she wrote as follows in the April 20th, 2000 Workers World: "In the Democratic People's Republic of Korea -- the socialist north of the divided land -- no date is more important than April 15, the birthday of Kim Il Sung. . .this year as Koreans celebrate Kim Il Sung's birthday -- and in the U.S.-occupied south, where such actions must be taken in secret because of repressive 'national security' laws -- they will also be telling the world that they are proud of and confident in their new leader, Kim Jong Il [Kim Il Sung's son and heir -- KC], who is following in the socialist footsteps of Kim Il Sung." A frequent visitor to North Korea, Griswold regularly goes into fits of literary rapture when relating her experiences in the North. Her December 22nd, 1986 WW report on her visit to Pyongyang (entitled "A visit to People's Korea where there is housing for all") begins "What a success story!" She then describes a nation where there is "no homelessness, no hunger, no poverty." The fact that North Korea is one of the poorest countries in the world and that North Korea's population faces the threat of famine on a regular basis has somehow escaped Griswold's notice.

Ever since its beginnings as the Global Class War tendency inside the SWP, Sam Marcy's clique has regularly singled out North Korea for special admiration. The WWP's direct "party to party" relations with the North, however, only began to blossom fully after the WWP started attacking Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. The WWP's big break came in May 1990, when the first official WWP delegation headed by Marcy visited North Korea "for 12 days in May" at the invitation of the Central Committee of the Workers Party of Korea. While in Pyongyang, the WWP delegates "had the great honor of meeting and exchanging views with Kim Il Sung." The June 7th, 1990 issue of WW even included a photo op of the WWP delegates with their North Korean friends, including Kim Il Sung, who stood in the center of the photo flanked by Marcy and Griswold.

In April 1992 another U.S. delegation led by Marcy that included Sue Bailey (a WWP'er who heads the "U.S. Out of South Korea Committee"), as well as delegates from the CPUSA, the SWP, and the American Democratic Lawyers Association, again visited North Korea to attend a "Joint Meeting of Parties, Governments, National and International Organizations" organized by CILRECO, an organization that "promotes solidarity with the Korean people." (As the official leader of the U.S. group, Marcy received the North Korean equivalent of a papal blessing.) The Americans, along with delegates from 130 other countries, traveled to the North "to attend mass public celebrations of the 80th birthday" of Kim Il Sung, according to a report in an April 1992 issue of WW by Sue Bailey and Key Martin datelined Pyongyang.

While in the North for Kim's birthday party, the WWP entered into discussions with other hardline Communist groups, including a Stalin-worshipping sect called the Russian Communist Workers Party (RCWP) (Rossiskaia Kommunisticheskaia Rabochaia Partiia, or RKRP), which emerged from the anti-Gorbachev, "anti-revisionist" Movement of Communist Initiative in November 1991. On September 3rd, 1992, WW ran an article by Viktor Tyulkin, the group's top leader and the Secretary of its Central Committee. The introduction to the article explained that Tyulkin and Marcy had first met in Pyongyang during the April festivities for Kim "and [had] discussed the political situation in the USSR and the U.S." They remained in contact, and on Marcy's 85th birthday Tyulkin sent him a "message of solidarity" from the RCWP that was reprinted in the October 17th, 1996 WW. Tyulkin's comrade Victor Anpilov from the Executive Committee of Working Russia also enclosed his own message of solidarity.

Although the RCWP doesn't receive much press coverage in WW, it seems clear that the WWP has a sympathetic view of its activities. In a January 13th, 2000 WW article on Russian politics, the RCWP was singled out for its leadership role both in the strike movement as well as inside the "Communist Workers of Russia" voting bloc. The RCWP "left" is also contrasted favorably to Gennadi Zyuganov's far larger KPRF. Workers World's reluctance to devote extensive press coverage to the RCWP, however, may stem from the fact that any overt alliance with the RCWP would be rather difficult for the WWP's more naive rank-and-file members to stomach, since the RCWP is a textbook example of a radical "left fascist" group.

The anti-globalization movement was recently confronted with the problem of the RCWP after it was learned that two RCWP members were officially invited to take part in the recent Genoa protests by the international association ATTAC (the Association for the Taxation of Financial Transactions for the Aid of Citizens, which is best known for supporting the proposed "Tobin tax" on speculative transactions.) The leftist International Solidarity with Workers in Russia (ISWoR-SITR-MCPP) group immediately alerted other anti-globalization activists that the RCWP was an extremely racist and homophobic party whose members worship Stalin, campaign against black people in general and rap music in particular, issue material calling for homosexuals to be jailed, and published a party document in 1997 that blamed Russia's economic crisis on "American imperialism and international Zionism." The group also attacked Russian President Vladimir Putin for being so close to "the Jews that he ignores true Russian 'patriots'." According to ISWoR, the RCWP could be best described as "a pseudo-Communist anti-Semitic organization."
At the same time that the RCWP appeals to the far right, it maintains a pro-Stalin analysis of Russia that is almost identical to the one promoted by the WWP. According to the RCWP program, for example, "The RCWP completely rejects the revisionist, opportunist, traitorous line that was promoted and adhered to by the CPSU leadership from 1953-1991, which brought about the temporary collapse of the Soviet Union in a counter-revolution. The XX Congress of the CPSU (1956) was the breaking point in the history of our country and the communist movement."

Victor Anpilov, a former Soviet journalist who became co-secretary of the RCWP in 1992 (but who broke with Tyulkin in 1996-1997 over electoral strategy), also sent his greetings of solidarity to Marcy on his 85th birthday in 1996. However, if anything Anpilov is even further to the right than Tyulkin. After leaving the RCWP, he first entered into an alliance with the notorious Eduard Limonov and his Natsionalno-Bolshevistskaia Partiia (National Bolshevik Party). Today, Anpilov is promoting a new party, the CPSU Lenin-Stalin that backs Stalin's grandson as Russia's new leader.

Kevin Coogan is the author of a crucially important study on the postwar right, Dreamer of the Day: Francis Parker Yockey and the Postwar Fascist International (New York: Autonomedia, 1999), as well as a regular contributor to Hit List. Among other things, he wrote "How 'Black' is Black Metal? Michael Moynihan, Lords of Chaos, and the 'Countercultural Fascist' Underground," an article which appeared in Hit List 1:1 (February-March 1999), pp. 32-49.

http://interactivist.autonomedia.org/node/561

There's also a three part article by Kevin Coogan here from the early 2000s: http://oraclesyndicate.twoday.net/stories/2511305/

It's interesting to me how similar some of this is to the positions the WRP took in the '80s, or for that matter George Galloway in the past 20 years.

Mike Harman

6 years 8 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Mike Harman on April 8, 2018

Not covered in this post is the WWP's support from Mengitsu. Found this blog about the Ethiopian revolution which has a blog reacting to some of the WWP's apologetics for Mengitsu' slaughtering of Marxist-Leninist student groups:
http://abyotawi.blogspot.co.uk/2017/09/contribution-injustice-towards-those.html

R Totale

6 years 7 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by R Totale on May 7, 2018

Those taking an interest in red-brown alliances may be interested to know that Patrick Henningsen - former infowars editor and frequent guest on the nazi Red Ice network - will be speaking alongside Vanessa Beeley (and Jeremy Corbyn's weirdo climate-change-denialist brother, lol) at the Merthyr Rising festival, commemorating the Merthyr Tydfil revolt of 1831, sponsored by Unison, Unite, GMB, USDAW, RMT, CWU and NASUWT. IDK what processes for democratic feedback there are about these things, but people who are active members of those unions might want to start asking some questions about why their dues are going to pay for an Infowars editor-turned-Red Ice contributor at a festival supposedly celebrating working class revolt.

R Totale

6 years 7 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by R Totale on May 8, 2018

Update: Beeley's out, claiming "time pressures", the even more openly far-right Henningsen's still scheduled to speak. I'll try and put together a news article in the next few days if he doesn't pull out, an infowars editor/Red Ice contributor being given a platform is something that antifascists really should be concerned about. The absolute state of this guy - and if you search his name + "oy vey", it turns out that he really, really, really likes doing his comedy Jew impersonation.

R Totale

6 years 7 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by R Totale on May 11, 2018

Henningsen and Beeley both out now, and apparently the organisers have decided they're "not in line with the event's ethos", although I've not seen any public statement directly from the organisers to that effect. Still serious questions to be asked about how they ended up with an Infowars/Red Ice alt-right wrong'un on the line up in the first place, though. Cynthia McKinney, also featured in this article, still scheduled to talk as well.

R Totale

6 years 7 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by R Totale on May 19, 2018

Not read it yet cos it looks long, but here's a piece covering some of the same ground, but looking more at the Chapo Trap House/weird twitter/Dirtbag Left side of things: https://medium.com/@badly_xeroxed/syria-the-alt-left-and-other-lesser-known-extremisms-943ddfa4229e On first skim, one thing that jumped out was the reference to "the DSA Communist caucus (which describes itself as “informed by 70’s Italian Marxisms, and current left-communist formations”)" in the middle of a discussion of PSL/WWP-type tankie influence on the DSA, which seems a little confused, but the article as a whole's probably worth reading if you can find the time.

Mike Harman

6 years 7 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Mike Harman on May 19, 2018

That piece like some of the others around this subject veers dangerously close to horseshoe theory, for example when it talks about Bernie fans not voting for Clinton and therefore allowing Trump to win. It does pick up on some of the Assad apologism in the Chapo lot though, and that Cum Town bloke is iffy.

R Totale

6 years 6 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by R Totale on June 18, 2018

A thought: I don't really know enough about html and so on to get this to work, but would it be possible to add a table of contents, with links directly to each subheader? Like, this is a great resource in terms of the sheer amount of information it contains, but that same factor also makes it very difficult to navigate, so it would be nice to be able to post, say "here's why sputnik radio is dodgy" as a direct link to the start of that section, rather than posting a link to the whole piece and trusting the reader to navigate their way through it? I don't know how much work that'd take to do, but it would make the whole thing a fair bit more usuable imo.

Mike Harman

6 years 6 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Mike Harman on June 18, 2018

R Totale

A thought: I don't really know enough about html and so on to get this to work, but would it be possible to add a table of contents, with links directly to each subheader? Like, this is a great resource in terms of the sheer amount of information it contains, but that same factor also makes it very difficult to navigate, so it would be nice to be able to post, say "here's why sputnik radio is dodgy" as a direct link to the start of that section, rather than posting a link to the whole piece and trusting the reader to navigate their way through it? I don't know how much work that'd take to do, but it would make the whole thing a fair bit more usuable imo.

It's definitely possible, but this piece had multiple revisions from the original blog, and it's a pain to update it here, so unless they promise not to update it again or add headings/anchors themselves, not sure about diverging from the original.

Khawaga

5 years 10 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Khawaga on February 11, 2019

Seems like a collection of good old M-L folks at the "Mot Dag Konferansen". Pal Steigan is an old, conservative M-L (if not Stalinist), so I am not surprised that he'd be hosting TERFs. But surprised that he has Holocaust deniers there, but then again, it's a long time ago that I kept up with the Norwegian left. But I do know that there are some Norwegian M-L folks who were really staunchly supporting Trump against Clinton for some weird, what I presume, is an anti-imperialist reason.

R Totale

5 years 10 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by R Totale on February 11, 2019

I don't speak Norwegian, but this seems to be the article that people are relying on for background on Hans Jørgen Lysglimt Johansen: https://www.dagbladet.no/nyheter/kritiserer-negre-og-joder-og-tror-partifeller-er-med-i-fryktet-nazigruppe/68555090
More context from people who understand this stuff better would be welcome.

Felix Frost

5 years 10 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Felix Frost on February 12, 2019

This is the only write-up I could find about the Mot Dag conference, and I'm afraid it's also in Norwegian: https://transitmag.no/2019/02/11/steigan-konferanse-i-oslo-samlet-assad-tilhengere-og-kjonnsaktivister/.

I don't think the Twittter thread linked to above is very accurate: I doubt Lysglimt Johansen was involved with organising the conference (and based on the information in that Dagbladet article, he might not be an actual Holocaust denier either).

The Norwegian Maoists were always pretty reactionary and nationalist, so I'm not really surprised that some of them are now mingling with the alt-right.

Mike Harman

5 years 10 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Mike Harman on February 12, 2019

The very obvious people at the conference are Patrick Henningsen of 21st Century Wire, Eva Bartlett and Vanessa Beeley. Don't know the others.

I looked into Johansen a little bit:

This claims he's a holocaust denier, but it doesn't link to the relevant tweets. http://www.demokratene.no/2018/hans-jorgen-lysglimt-johansen-star-frem-med-klare-nazistiske-meninger-benekter-holocaust/

But twitter search for holocaust brings up a lot of recent ones:

https://twitter.com/search?q=from%3Alysglimt%20holocaust&src=typd

(machine translation):

Johansen

The money, the political force, the Talmudic word magic that is invested in the Holocaust narrative is tremendous. And the investments continue with increased strength. We can hardly bet on taking them again in those dimensions. It has to happen in other dimensions.

https://twitter.com/LYSGLIMT/status/1086264892334764032

And this posted in English:

Johansen

All these phenomena are global constructions of the mind constructed to legitimize globe-wide policies that can easily be subverted: Global central banking, global inflation targeting 2%, World Bank, UN, the Holocaust, global warming, climate change, racism, war on terror. All.

https://twitter.com/LYSGLIMT/status/1086264892334764032

And another machine translation:
Johansen

It is now spoken quite openly by many people, in many channels, that the Holocaust is a constructed narrative and that this narrative must be nuzed.
I am very pleased. That I have been central in breaking up that front is more important than marginally influencing processes in the Storting.

https://twitter.com/LYSGLIMT/status/1076416269593788417

Felix Frost

5 years 10 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Felix Frost on February 13, 2019

Yeah, it looks like Johansen got tired of pretending to be respectable and has gone full on Nazi now. I'm a bit surprised actually, as he's still promoting his "Alliance" party project, and being an open Holocaust denier can't be good for his poll numbers.

Khawaga

5 years 10 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Khawaga on February 13, 2019

Felix, have the old Maoists from AKP-ML gone full reactionary now? (I am obviously not implying all them have) I remember there were a lot of nationalists in RU back in the 1990s and some of them were pretty reactionary when it came to homosexuality and feminism, but sharing a podium with Holocaust deniers would never have been ok back them. Then again, if anti-imperialism is the line you take, perhaps it is not surprising.

Entdinglichung

5 years 10 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Entdinglichung on February 13, 2019

Khawaga

Felix, have the old Maoists from AKP-ML gone full reactionary now? (I am obviously not implying all them have) I remember there were a lot of nationalists in RU back in the 1990s and some of them were pretty reactionary when it came to homosexuality and feminism, but sharing a podium with Holocaust deniers would never have been ok back them. Then again, if anti-imperialism is the line you take, perhaps it is not surprising.

to my perception, most haven't, they've morphed into https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Party_(Norway) which is a leftwing parliamentary party

R Totale

5 years 10 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by R Totale on February 13, 2019

Going to try to write this up as it seems like useful information to have in one place and social media posts are a terrible way to archive important stuff.
In retrospect the comments section of an article that's so long it breaks my phone's browser if I try to scroll past it all was a really bad place to start this discussion.
Anyway, in this post someone refers to Steigan (I think) as "Antisemite and holocaust denier", and also mentions Lars Akerhaug as a right-wing hack - any more info about that? I mean, if Steigan's organising conferences with nazis speaking that doesn't say great things about his views on the subject, but I don't know if he's actually said anything antisemitic himself. Akerhaug has an English-language wiki article, but it doesn't say much - makes him sound a bit like a Nick Cohen/David Aaronovitch-type bore, maybe?

Khawaga

5 years 10 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Khawaga on February 13, 2019

to my perception, most haven't, they've morphed into https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Party_(Norway) which is a leftwing parliamentary party

In the 90s, they were already in the precursor to Rødt, called Rød Valgalliance (Red Election Alliance), although I think AKP-ML has become more sidelined in Rødt. Perhaps only the real crazies (like Steigan) have gone full reactionary?

What really surprised me was to see Terje Tvedt's name at the conference. He always struck me as being a "respectable academic" type more than anything else.

Mike Harman

5 years 10 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Mike Harman on February 13, 2019

R Totale

Going to try to write this up as it seems like useful information to have in one place and social media posts are a terrible way to archive important stuff.
In retrospect the comments section of an article that's so long it breaks my phone's browser if I try to scroll past it all was a really bad place to start this discussion.
Anyway, in this post someone refers to Steigan (I think) as "Antisemite and holocaust denier", and also mentions Lars Akerhaug as a right-wing hack - any more info about that? I mean, if Steigan's organising conferences with nazis speaking that doesn't say great things about his views on the subject, but I don't know if he's actually said anything antisemitic himself.

Good plan to write this up and agreed it's worth it.

On Steigan, relying on google and machine translation but:

Soros - particular focus on 'color revolutions' and him working with the CIA.

https://steigan.no/2017/07/om-spekulanten-og-samfunnsodeleggeren-george-soros/
https://steigan.no/2018/08/george-soros-investerer-tungt-i-sosiale-medier/

I can't find anything about Holocaust denial, rather there are a lot of posts about Ukrainian Nazis.

Campist/assadist looking stuff on Syria, which fits with the Beeley/Bartlett/Henningsen attendance at the conference:
https://steigan.no/2019/01/klargjoring-eller-takelegging/ is one example.

Felix Frost

5 years 10 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Felix Frost on February 18, 2019

As far as I know, Steigan isn't a Holocaust denier, but he seems to be heavy into conspiracy theories, so give him a few more years...

I think Lysglimt Johansen was just in the audience at the conference, but it's clear that he felt welcome there, and he appears to be on friendly terms with other Norwegian ex-Maoists. If you look at top banner on Johansen's Twitter page, you can see a picture of Johansen having a coffee and a friendly chat with Hans Olav Brendberg and Trond Andresen, two ex-Maoists who are both rather infamous for spreading anti-semitic tropes: Brendberg was kicked out of AKP and Rødt for his anti-semitism, while Andresen quit on his own accord. Both Brendberg and Andresen are occasional guest bloggers on Steigan's website (you can see their posts here and here).

Lars Akerhaug is another former Maoist who has now become a conservative. There is an English page about him on Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars_Akerhaug

In addition to the by now pretty mainstream Rødt party, there is also a small group of unrepentant Maoists called Tjen Folket ("Serve the People"). Some years ago they successfully took over control of the Norwegian branch of the SOS Racism network, and used this to scam the government out of large amounts of money, much of which they prudently invested in real estate. In Norway you can get government funding for almost anything, and abusing this is a popular pasttime for many groups. Tjen Folket was a bit too brazen about it though, so SOS Racism was taken to court and ordered to pay back 1.5 million Pounds. I think some of the top activists ended up with prison sentences also. But at least they are not friends with Nazis.

R Totale

5 years 10 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by R Totale on February 18, 2019

Thanks for this - trying to dig into it a bit more, it looks like VG (no idea what they're like as a source) published an article on Norwegian red-brownism last year: https://www.vg.no/nyheter/meninger/i/KvxyBX/ytre-hoeyre-og-ytre-venstre-omfavner-de-samme-sterke-mennene

Annoyingly, google translate doesn't seem to want to do the whole article in one go so I've had to try running bits and pieces through it, but from what I can gather a) Lysglimt was involved in discussions in support of a Norwegian left paper called Klassekampen*, and b) Steigan did an interview with a right-wing anti-immigrant paper called Resett. Also mentions Steigan being a bit Soros-obsessed.

*there's a piece from Steigan's website talking about Klassekampen and 9/11 conspiracies here, which Lysglimt comments on below the line: https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=no&u=https://steigan.no/2017/09/klassekampen-vurderer-a-si-opp-samarbeidet-med-ny-tid/&prev=search

Felix Frost

5 years 10 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Felix Frost on February 18, 2019

OK, so VG is the biggest-selling paper in Norway, and is a bit right wing but generally pretty reliable. Klassekampen was originally published by the Maoists in AKP, but is today an independent leftist daily. And Resett is an online magazine that is pretty right wing and anti-immigrant, but also trying to be respectable - they have some big investors behind them. Incidentally, their new editor-in-chief is Lars Akerhaug.

Mike Harman

5 years 10 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Mike Harman on February 19, 2019

R Totale

Annoyingly, google translate doesn't seem to want to do the whole article in one go so I've had to try running bits and pieces through it

If you put the actual link into google translate, then click on the link when it comes up as 'translated', it'll open the whole page in a new tab with the translation.

R Totale

5 years 10 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by R Totale on February 19, 2019

Yeah, that's what I normally do, but for whatever reason the translated page at https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=no&tl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vg.no%2Fnyheter%2Fmeninger%2Fi%2FKvxyBX%2Fytre-hoeyre-og-ytre-venstre-omfavner-de-samme-sterke-mennene still seems to be coming up in all Norwegian, at least for me...

R Totale

5 years 10 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by R Totale on February 26, 2019

Right, it's far from perfect, but two weeks down the line I've managed to put this together: http://libcom.org/blog/bonzo-goes-oslo-christian-fundamentalists-far-right-strike-new-pose-26022019

Entdinglichung

5 years 9 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Entdinglichung on March 11, 2019

https://www.haaretz.com/world-news/.premium-where-russian-spies-code-pink-the-kkk-and-the-nation-of-islam-meet-and-greet-1.7003563 by Alexander Reid Ross

Sewer Socialist

5 years 9 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Sewer Socialist on March 11, 2019

Entdinglichung

https://www.haaretz.com/world-news/.premium-where-russian-spies-code-pink-the-kkk-and-the-nation-of-islam-meet-and-greet-1.7003563 by Alexander Reid Ross

this appears to be behind a paywall?

R Totale

5 years 9 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by R Totale on March 11, 2019

Oh yeah, speaking of articles that're behind paywalls, the Times recently did an English-language writeup on the AfD's Assadist Syrian refugee who hates Syrian refugees. Full text (again, thanks goes to a u75 poster for this):

The far-right Alternative for Germany, which describes the influx of Middle Easterners into Europe as “knife migration”, appears to have found a refugee of whom it can approve.

Kevork Almassian, a Syrian who sought asylum in Germany and who has become a prominent apologist for the Assad regime, has been given a job in the office of one of the party’s most radical MPs — a sign of the strange power constellations that are forming on the fringes of German politics.

It appears to have been love at first sight. Within days of Mr Almassian’s arrival in Stuttgart three and a half years ago he was pictured drinking wheat beer with Markus Frohnmaier, who was then a local AfD activist but is now an MP and Mr Almassian’s boss.

Mr Almassian divides his time between disseminating “counter-propaganda” in support of the Syrian government and appearing at AfD rallies alongside some of the fiercest figures in the radical right. In one speech he denounced the majority of his fellow refugees as hostile Islamists and warned that there would be a massacre at a German train station unless the state clamped down on immigration.

Mr Almassian, who is in his early thirties, comes from a Christian family in Aleppo. After taking a degree in international relations at the Kalamoon private university near Damascus he moved to Lebanon to continue his studies in 2010. After the outbreak of the Syrian war the following year his father’s business in Aleppo was bombed and his brother was kidnapped.

In 2015, after Angela Merkel lifted the controls on Germany’s borders, Mr Almassian flew to a conference in Zurich and then took a bus to Freiburg in the Black Forest. He now plans to apply for a German passport. “I believe in the system and the way of life in Germany,” he told T-Online, a news website. “It suits me.”

He describes himself as a journalist and political commentator, and runs the English-language Syriana Analysis channel on YouTube, which has more than 27,000 subscribers.

He has made no secret of his support for President Assad, and frequently criticises what he portrays as biased and error-ridden western news coverage of the war in Syria. Last month he posted a video accusing Marie Colvin, the Sunday Times journalist who was killed in Syria in 2012, of “sneaking” into the country and “choosing the wrong side”.

Mr Almassian seems to have made his first acquaintance with the AfD in 2013, when his name was mentioned in a right-wing German magazine edited by Manuel Ochsenreiter, a former employee of Mr Frohnmaier.

Mr Ochsenreiter, who was expelled by the party in January after being accused of orchestrating an arson attack in Ukraine on behalf of a Russian spy agency, met Mr Almassian on a visit to a war zone in Syria the following year. In early 2015 both attended a conference held by Kremlin-backed separatists in Donetsk, east Ukraine.

Mr Almassian denied being a member of the AfD. “Any political party that supports the Syrian army gets my support,” he said.

Would be interested to know more about that conference - presumably something along the lines of this?

heinhtetkyaw

4 months 2 weeks ago

Submitted by heinhtetkyaw on August 11, 2024

I was interested when I saw the line Casapound worked as NGO in Burma.

I did some searches. The original websites seems to delete the records for obivous reasons, but here are the links.

- https://web.archive.org/web/20171220095216/https://karennews.org/2012/11/italian-ngo-to-work-only-in-knu-controlled-areas-in-karen-state.html/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20171220095215/http://espresso.repubblica.it/palazzo/2012/11/05/news/casapound-guerra-in-birmania-1.48032

What makes me more curious is that why would an Italian fascist party like Casapound have interests in Burma, particularly Karen national liberation? Seems, I will have to dig more.

heinhtetkyaw

4 months 2 weeks ago

Submitted by heinhtetkyaw on August 11, 2024

Scary stuffs.

They're still active in Burma.
This is their website - https://www.comunitapopoli.org/chi-siamo/
This is their Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/popoli.onlus/

They even have local commune style areas for them under KNU.
Check this one - https://www.comunitapopoli.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/11093_1407844392857473_2423864402229606851_n-600x450.jpg

I'm confused right now about their real agenda.

They do health projects, education projects and development projects.
We don't know how much extent they have managed to influence the local people (at least the grassroot people and low ranking revolutionaries who didn't know they're fascists).

I'm pretty sure KNU's leadership knew exactly who they're.

Steven.

4 months 2 weeks ago

Submitted by Steven. on August 12, 2024

Very bizarre

Reddebrek

4 months 2 weeks ago

Submitted by Reddebrek on August 13, 2024

That is strange, though the neo-fascists of the Cold War period also had this opaque on the surface international connections with militant groups in other places. It could be purely transactional, both groups think they have something to gain from working together, CP are heavily connected with pushing Assad and Syrian government in Europe and the global far right.
Could represent a strange ideological pairing, what are the politics of the KNU?

heinhtetkyaw

3 months 1 week ago

Submitted by heinhtetkyaw on September 24, 2024

Hey Reddebrek,

KNU is an ethnic nationalist organization fighting for the self determination of their ethnic group.

They want to have their own ethnic state that’s free from Burmese ruling class and Burmese hegemony (supremacy).

There were and are some progressive fractions within KNU.

Of course, there used to be some racist leaders within KNU who hate mixed race (Karen and other ethnicities, precisely Burmese) and still exists even now.