WD Main Cover.jpg

Online archive of over 350 issues of this weekly suffragette and later left-wing communist newspaper founded by Sylvia Pankhurst, first appearing as the Woman's Dreadnought in March 1914 and then as the Workers' Dreadnought in July 1917.

Among other major historical events, the Dreadnought captured the outbreak of revolution in Russia and briefly supported the Bolsheviks/Russian Communist Party before the anti-working-class nature of the latter became more apparent to Pankhurst. Over time, the paper then took a more critical stance towards Lenin and the so-called "workers' state" in Russia, as evidenced by Pankhurst's open letter to Lenin published in November 1922.

Submitted by adri on March 30, 2020

Scans taken from LSE Digital Library Women's Rights Collection.

Less legible copies here https://archive.org/details/pub_workers-dreadnought.

If you are aware of other sources or can help with gaps, please leave a comment below.

Comments

westartfromhere

1 year 5 months ago

Submitted by westartfromhere on November 3, 2024

westartfromhere wrote: Very good. Just made one minor alteration [to the introduction]:

Capitalised Communist, in "left-wing Communist".

Communism as a peculiar, social-democratic, period of capitalism is capitalised in writing.

This other—"Communism as the positive transcendence of private property as human self-estrangement, and therefore as the real appropriation of the human essence by and for man; communism therefore as the complete return of man to himself as a social (i.e., human) being – a return accomplished consciously and embracing the entire wealth of previous development. This communism, as fully developed naturalism, equals humanism, and as fully developed humanism equals naturalism; it is the genuine resolution of the conflict between man and nature and between man and man – the true resolution of the strife between existence and essence, between objectification and self-confirmation, between freedom and necessity, between the individual and the species. Communism is the riddle of history solved, and it knows itself to be this solution"—is neither left, nor right.

In this sense communism is always correctly written in the lower case. Whether this latter sense can be descried as libertarian communism is debatable. It is not unbounded freedom of the individual as individual freedom is relative to the necessity of the community of struggle to survive.

adri

1 year 5 months ago

Submitted by adri on November 3, 2024

Just so everyone knows, the LWU's strike against Steve is more or less over, so an admin can remove all the above comments if they want; they don't really have much to do with the Dreadnought.

westartfromhere

1 year 5 months ago

Submitted by westartfromhere on November 3, 2024

Weekly suffragette and later left-wing communist newspaper founded by Sylvia Pankhurst, first appearing as the Woman's Dreadnought in March 1914 and then as the Workers' Dreadnought in July 1917. Among other major historical events, the Dreadnought captured the outbreak of revolution in Russia and briefly supported the Bolsheviks/Russian Communist Party before the anti-working-class nature of the latter became more apparent to Pankhurst. Over time, the paper then took a more critical stance towards Lenin and the so-called "workers' state" in Russia, as evidenced by Pankhurst's open letter to Lenin published in November 1922.

Should not the introduction to these journals above distinguish between proletarian revolution (strikes, demonstrations, desertion, mutiny, sabotage, free association...) and the seizure of political power under the guise of social-democracy? To ignore this distinction is akin to conflating the spontaneous uprisings of the working class with the bourgeois Peace Treaties that conclude these battles between the classes. Is it fair to apply Lenin's derogatory term, "Left-Wing" Communist, at all? The newspaper proclaimed itself for "International Socialism". Let's take it at its words.

We suggest the following:

Weekly suffragette and later newspaper of "International Socialism" founded by Sylvia Pankhurst, first appearing as the Woman's Dreadnought in March 1914 and then as the Workers' Dreadnought in July 1917. Amongst other major historical events covered, the Dreadnought captured and supported the seizure of state power by the majority ("bolshevik") faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (renamed by itself as the All-Russian Communist Party after the seizure of power) before the anti-working-class nature of the regime became apparent to some observers. Over time, the paper then took a limited critical stance towards Lenin and the so-called "workers' state" in Russia, as evidenced by the open letters of Herman Gorter and Sylvia Pankhurst to Lenin published in 1921 and 1922, respectively.

adri

1 year 5 months ago

Submitted by adri on November 6, 2024

Stop editing the page westartfromhere... Nobody knows what you're talking about. I mean really, can we not get some admin attention here??

westartfromhere

1 year 5 months ago

Submitted by westartfromhere on November 6, 2024

What's not to understand?

Weekly suffragette and later newspaper of "International Socialism" founded by Sylvia Pankhurst, first appearing as the Woman's Dreadnought in March 1914 and then as the Workers' Dreadnought in July 1917. Amongst other major historical events covered, the Dreadnought captured and supported the seizure of state power by the majority ("bolshevik") faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (renamed by itself as the All-Russian Communist Party after the seizure of power) before the anti-working-class nature of the regime became apparent to some observers. Over time, the paper then took a limited critical stance towards Lenin and the so-called "workers' state" in Russia, as evidenced by the open letters of Herman Gorter and Sylvia Pankhurst to Lenin published in 1921 and 1922, respectively.

adri

1 year 5 months ago

Submitted by adri on November 6, 2024

Well first you've littered this site with your strange and offensive posts (e.g. calling the people who did the redesign for this site bourgeois essentially) and are now going around editing other people's articles without conferring with them. And second your reason for editing the above intro, after I've repeatedly told you not to, makes absolutely no sense. The term "left-wing communist" is an entirely appropriate choice of words to describe Pankhurst, seeing as how she favored worker councils (similar to other left-wing/council communists of the time) and opposed the party rule of the so-called "workers' state" in Russia.

westartfromhere

1 year 5 months ago

Submitted by westartfromhere on November 6, 2024

The question posed was, What is not understandable about the draft of the introduction below?

Weekly suffragette and later newspaper of "International Socialism" founded by Sylvia Pankhurst, first appearing as the Woman's Dreadnought in March 1914 and then as the Workers' Dreadnought in July 1917. Amongst other major historical events covered, the Dreadnought captured and supported the seizure of state power by the majority ("bolshevik") faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (renamed by itself as the All-Russian Communist Party after the seizure of power) before the anti-working-class nature of the regime became apparent to some observers. Over time, the paper then took a limited critical stance towards Lenin and the so-called "workers' state" in Russia, as evidenced by the open letters of Herman Gorter and Sylvia Pankhurst to Lenin published in 1921 and 1922, respectively.

adri

1 year 5 months ago

Submitted by adri on November 6, 2024

Why would I change "left-wing communist" to "newspaper of International Socialism"? You make absolutely no sense.

Submitted by westartfromhere on November 6, 2024

adri wrote: Why would I change "left-wing communist" to "newspaper of International Socialism"? ...

You wouldn't. Others may, however, prefer to use the journal's own self-description, rather than its detractor's — Lenin's — description of ' "Left-wing" Communism'.

Perhaps you would like to answer why you wish to omit a reference to Herman Gorter's open letter to Lenin that predated Pankhurst's? Again, why you wish to omit mention of the seizure of state power by 'the majority ("bolshevik") faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party'?

And, once again, what in the following paragraph makes absolutely no sense to you?

Weekly suffragette and later newspaper of "International Socialism" founded by Sylvia Pankhurst, first appearing as the Woman's Dreadnought in March 1914 and then as the Workers' Dreadnought in July 1917. Amongst other major historical events covered, the Dreadnought captured and supported the seizure of state power by the majority ("bolshevik") faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (renamed by itself as the All-Russian Communist Party after the seizure of power) before the anti-working-class nature of the regime became apparent to some observers. Over time, the paper then took a limited critical stance towards Lenin and the so-called "workers' state" in Russia, as evidenced by the open letters of Herman Gorter and Sylvia Pankhurst to Lenin published in 1921 and 1922, respectively.

adri

1 year 5 months ago

Submitted by adri on November 6, 2024

westartfromhere wrote: You wouldn't. Others may, however, prefer to use the journal's own self-description, rather than to its detractor's — Lenin's — description of ' "Left-wing" Communism'.

There's nothing inherently disparaging about the term "left-wing/left" communist. In fact Pankhurst approvingly used the term herself and reprinted tons of writings by various groups and people who employed the label (e.g. Herman Gorter, the Group of Revolutionary Left-Wing Communists of Russia, German left-communists, and others):

Pankhurst wrote: There are signs that it is not only in the East that the Third International is being weakened by the compromises [...] into which the Russian government has thought it necessary to enter, as well as by the [o]pportunist attitude it is adopting in many directions.

Here is the justification for the Revolutionary Left Communist organisations that met in Germany the other day, to form a new International.

Regretfully we say it, though this development was doubtless inevitable: revolutionary proletariat of the world, the day is fast dawning in which you must cease to regard the first Soviet republic as your guide and leader. (Vol. 8 No. 29)

Pankhurst wrote: In Moscow, when Lenin strongly urged us to join the United [Communist] Party, he said: 'Form a Left block within it: work for the policy in which you believe, within the Party.'

But the British Communist Party will not have it so. It declares for the extermination of Left Wing propaganda.

The Right majority in the Communist Parties of other countries has taken a similar line. The Executive of the Third International, after pleading with us to enter, now apparently encourages the excommunication of the Left Wing.

[...]

But the Communist Cause advances; do not doubt it: new tendencies are developing in the movement and must displace the old to make way for themselves. (Vol. 8 No. 28)

adri

1 year 5 months ago

Submitted by adri on November 6, 2024

westartfromhere wrote: Perhaps you would like to answer why you wish to omit a reference to Herman Gorter's open letter to Lenin that predated Pankhurst's? Again, why you wish to omit mention of the seizure of state power by 'the majority ("bolshevik") faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party'?

I'm not "omitting" anything; there's just no point in mentioning Gorter's open letter when Pankhurst's open letter sufficiently illustrates the point I was making. Why on earth would I also write the more verbose "the majority ('bolshevik') faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (renamed by itself as the All-Russian Communist Party after the seizure of power)" instead of just the "Bolsheviks/Russian Communist Party"??

Fozzie

1 year 5 months ago

Submitted by Fozzie on November 6, 2024

I am also in the faction which feels it's better if introductions can be brief and to the point.

Mike Harman

1 year 5 months ago

Submitted by Mike Harman on November 6, 2024

Yes agreed with Fozzie. The introduction is fine. Lots of people use the term left communist or left wing communist to refer to themselves. Adding obscure nitpicking to introductions just makes them unintelligible even to people who might use this site regularly, let alone people just trying to learn about Pankhurst without a lot of backgroun.

westartfromhere

1 year 5 months ago

Submitted by westartfromhere on November 8, 2024

If all here are happy to exclude mention of "the seizure of state power by the majority ("bolshevik") faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party"—and Dreadnought's reaction—in the intro, leave it so.

There were so many different political parties in the period subsequent to that seizure of power but by the time that reaction had finished its bloody work there remained only one, the All-Russian Communist Party.

ZJW

1 year ago

Submitted by ZJW on March 31, 2025

'In February 1922, the Dreadnought group established the Communist Workers' Party'. (Wikipedia.)

The last scan above is from 11 March 1922. The scanned material from it gives no hint of a new party.

The paper went on until June 1924 (Wikipedia).

The above scans exclude this explicitly left-communist period of the paper.

Fozzie

1 year ago

Submitted by Fozzie on March 31, 2025

Work on this archive is ongoing, with a new issue being added virtually every day. Today's was March 1921. If someone wants to start adding more of the 1922 issues, then so much the better.

adri

1 year ago

Submitted by adri on March 31, 2025

ZJW wrote: 'In February 1922, the Dreadnought group established the Communist Workers' Party'. (Wikipedia.)

The last scan above is from 11 March 1922. The scanned material from it gives no hint of a new party.

ZJW wrote: 'The paper went on until June 1924' (Wikipedia).

The above scans exclude this explicitly left-communist period of the paper.

The paper does extend to June 1924, but it will take a while to upload all of the approximately 308 issues. The reason the numbers jump around a bit is also because I was prioritizing certain content, such as the issues that contain Pankhurst's series of articles collectively entitled "Communism and Its Tactics." There is also reference to the Communist Workers' Party in various issues, which was the party Pankhurst set up after being expelled from the Soviet-aligned Communist Party of Great Britain in September 1921, essentially for criticizing the CPGB and refusing to hand over editorial control of the Dreadnought. Pankhurst, for example, listed the objectives and methods of the British CWP in the Vol. 8 No. 48 (11 February 1922) issue of the Dreadnought. See here:

Pankhurst wrote: Method:

1. To spread the knowledge of Communist principles amongst the people;

2. To take no part in elections to Parliament and the local governing bodies, and to carry on propaganda exposing the futility of Communist participation therein;

3. To refuse affiliation or co-operation with the Labour Party and all Reformist organisations

[...]

(It's also worth pointing out that the Fourth International referred to in the article is the KAPD one, not the Trotskyist one, which didn't even exist yet.)

adri

1 year ago

Submitted by adri on March 31, 2025

Fozzie wrote: If someone wants to start adding more of the 1922 issues, then so much the better.

I can start chipping in again, and it's definitely worth creating separate articles for stuff like the British Communist Workers' Party.

Submitted by Fozzie on March 31, 2025

adri wrote:

Fozzie wrote: If someone wants to start adding more of the 1922 issues, then so much the better.

I can start chipping in again, and it's definitely worth creating separate articles for stuff like the British Communist Workers' Party.

That would be great if you have the time/inclination adri - I am not precious about doing it at all :-) [edit, at least I don't think I am - it will be fun to find out...]

adri

1 year ago

Submitted by adri on March 31, 2025

Fozzie wrote: That would be great if you have the time/inclination adri - I am not precious about doing it at all :-) [edit, at least I don't think I am - it will be fun to find out...]

Yeah, right. I saw you eyeballing my Voice of Industry. You better stop taking over other people's archives, if you know what's good for you. (Kidding!—I don't actually care either; anyone can contribute to anything, though it would be nice if people coordinated with one another.)

Fozzie

1 year ago

Submitted by Fozzie on March 31, 2025

Heh :-)

adri

1 year ago

Submitted by adri on April 1, 2025

So why are the outline weights on some of the issues different? Shouldn't they all be 0 so that the issues get organized according to their title names? I submitted Vol. 8 No. 48, but it seems to appear in the middle of the issues list instead of at the end, which I'm guessing is because of the different outline weights. Should we go through and set them all to 0?

Fozzie

1 year ago

Submitted by Fozzie on April 1, 2025

Thanks for doing that. I’ve been using the weight 2. Can’t remember why, but it must be because I had the same issue and it fixed it.

Another thing would be to use the same weight number as the Volume of the edition maybe.

adri

1 year ago

Submitted by adri on April 1, 2025

Fozzie wrote: Can’t remember why, but it must be because I had the same issue and it fixed it.

It could have possibly been because there were no leading 0's in some of the titles (e.g. "No. 1" instead of "No. 01"). I added the leading 0's, so it might be worth setting all the weights to 0 to see if that fixes it.

Fozzie

1 year ago

Submitted by Fozzie on April 1, 2025

Yes that is probably it adri. There are about 150 issues in the archive now, so I'd say changing the weighting on them all individually might be a too much aggro. And it all makes sense as it is. If it's something you feel strongly about please go for it though!

adri

1 year ago

Submitted by adri on April 1, 2025

I'll do it later. It's definitely easier to just add leading 0's to the titles and have it automatically sort, at least for the remaining issues.

ZJW

1 year ago

Submitted by ZJW on April 2, 2025

Not necessarily very legible issues of Workers Dreadnought (all?) up to 1924 (mis-labeled as Woman's Dreadnought after the name had changed), here:

https://archive.org/details/pub_workers-dreadnought

And here, though you have to sign up for it (and eventually pay for?), which I did not do:

https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/titles/womans-dreadnought

adri

1 year ago

Submitted by adri on April 14, 2025

Might have to also start adding the 0 to the volume number too since the volumes go into the double digits. I'm still in the process of renaming all of the ones that have already been uploaded.

adri

11 months ago

Submitted by adri on May 24, 2025

Huh... why did the weights get automatically re-added on issues that nobody edited?

Fozzie

11 months ago

Submitted by Fozzie on May 24, 2025

Not sure, but II think it’s the new “child order” function. See top of page. I was using that to add lone articles to the issues they came from. Didn’t expect it to do that!

adri

11 months ago

Submitted by adri on May 24, 2025

Strange glitch. I don't actually see a "child order" function, which could just be my permissions. I think new issues are going to be out of order now though, because I just added an issue from vol 10 and it's all the way at the top.

adri

11 months ago

Submitted by adri on May 24, 2025

Oh, I guess you're talking about the "add child page" button

adri

11 months ago

Submitted by adri on May 24, 2025

Do we want to start using weights I guess? Apparently the auto-sorting with a 0 weight doesn't work so well with child pages

Fozzie

11 months ago

Submitted by Fozzie on May 24, 2025

Ah ok I can see “child order” at the top of the page. Hmm. I think we need input from someone who knows more.

I can get your latest issue in the right place though. (Edit - I have now done that, but there may be a delay in it actioning).

Submitted by westartfromhere on May 25, 2025

westartfromhere wrote:

Weekly suffragette and later left-wing communist newspaper founded by Sylvia Pankhurst, first appearing as the Woman's Dreadnought in March 1914 and then as the Workers' Dreadnought in July 1917. Among other major historical events, the Dreadnought captured the outbreak of revolution in Russia and briefly supported the Bolsheviks/Russian Communist Party before the anti-working-class nature of the latter became more apparent to Pankhurst. Over time, the paper then took a more critical stance towards Lenin and the so-called "workers' state" in Russia, as evidenced by Pankhurst's open letter to Lenin published in November 1922. [Original introduction, 'Submitted by adri on March 30, 2020']

Should not the introduction to these journals above distinguish between proletarian revolution (strikes, demonstrations, desertion, mutiny, sabotage, free association...) and the seizure of political power under the guise of social-democracy? To ignore this distinction is akin to conflating the spontaneous uprisings of the working class with the bourgeois Peace Treaties that conclude these battles between the classes. Is it fair to apply Lenin's derogatory term, "Left-Wing" Communist, at all? The newspaper proclaimed itself for "International Socialism". Let's take it at its words.

We suggest the following:

Weekly suffragette and later newspaper of "International Socialism" founded by Sylvia Pankhurst, first appearing as the Woman's Dreadnought in March 1914 and then as the Workers' Dreadnought in July 1917. Amongst other major historical events covered, the Dreadnought captured and supported the seizure of state power by the majority ("bolshevik") faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (renamed by itself as the All-Russian Communist Party after the seizure of power) before the anti-working-class nature of the regime became apparent to some observers. Over time, the paper then took a limited critical stance towards Lenin and the so-called "workers' state" in Russia, as evidenced by the open letters of Herman Gorter and Sylvia Pankhurst to Lenin published in 1921 and 1922, respectively.

adri wrote: ... Nobody knows what you're talking about. I mean really, can we not get some admin attention here??

By "Nobody" in the latter quote, readers must read adri as no others have expressed the misunderstanding of the former quote by ourselves, and there is nothing to be read in the former that could possibly be misunderstood. Disagree, perhaps, but not misunderstand. This faculty of misunderstanding would appear to be the sole preserve of our co contributor to these pages.

It should be noted that the revised introduction submitted by westartfromhere transpired to include no allusion to the "proletarian revolution (strikes, demonstrations, desertion, mutiny, sabotage, free association...)" that occurred worldwide in the years 1917-1923. This omission was entirely deliberate, as to make any connection between our spontaneous uprising and the machinations of social-democracy is to conflate opposites.

To fail to make a clear demarcation—as evidenced by the bourgeois titles, English, French, American, Russian, Ethiopian... Revolution—between proletarian revolution and the seizure of state power is to conflate two opposing forces: anti-political and the political, respectively.

adri

10 months 4 weeks ago

Submitted by adri on May 26, 2025

By "Nobody" in the latter quote, readers must read adri as no others have expressed the misunderstanding of the former quote by ourselves, and there is nothing to be read in the former that could possibly be misunderstood. Disagree, perhaps, but not misunderstand. This faculty of misunderstanding would appear to be the sole preserve of our co contributor to these pages.

It should be noted that the revised introduction submitted by westartfromhere transpired to include no allusion to the "proletarian revolution (strikes, demonstrations, desertion, mutiny, sabotage, free association...)" that occurred worldwide in the years 1917-1923.

Nobody still knoweth what the hell thou art talking about, wherefore thee ref'r to yourself in the third p'rson, wherefore thee speak of yourself as if 't be true thee representeth the entire w'rking class, etc. What the hell art thee smoking?

Steven.

10 months 3 weeks ago

Submitted by Steven. on May 28, 2025

I can give guidance on weights if needed, I'm just not sure if there is a specific question?
But basically, child pages of articles are sorted first by weight, then alphabetically.
So generally the simplest way of trying to sort anything is just making sure the titles go in alphabetical order, then you don't need weight.
Otherwise, if this cannot work for some reason (e.g. a title containing the number 10 starts going under 1 instead of under 9, then you can start adding weights, to ensure 10 goes under 9 and so on).
Sorry if you know this already, not trying to be patronising, just thought I would try to give some general guidance!

adri

10 months 3 weeks ago

Submitted by adri on May 28, 2025

Yeah that's what we were doing, but then we added a child page (an article) to one of the issues and all of the weights got automatically modified without anyone having actually edited them. I had gone through and added 0 weights to all of the issues, but now they've all changed...

Submitted by Steven. on May 29, 2025

adri wrote: Yeah that's what we were doing, but then we added a child page (an article) to one of the issues and all of the weights got automatically modified without anyone having actually edited them. I had gone through and added 0 weights to all of the issues, but now they've all changed...

That shouldn't happen, although if someone goes into a page whereby you can shift different pages around manually, then the system will add weights to the pages in order to make the new order stick, if you see what I mean.
But adding a child page in itself shouldn't change the weight of anything. I'll go doublecheck that on another article somewhere…

Steven.

10 months 3 weeks ago

Submitted by Steven. on May 29, 2025

That's weird. I just tried both here and in another "book" making child pages, and it didn't change the weights of any pages.
Just tried making the weight of 4.19 zero, and that seems to have stuck. But don't know how all of the others could change.
Unless someone went into the admin panel to move some around manually.
If this problem occurs again we can have a deep dive into it

Fozzie

10 months 3 weeks ago

Submitted by Fozzie on May 29, 2025

Hi Steven - the specific issue occurred when I used the "child order" page to add some orphan articles to the issue they were printed in. That seems to have re-weighted everything.

I had to use the child order page to do this because "book outline" only shows the very first few characters of a book or article. So you can't see issue numbers using that.

Steven.

10 months 3 weeks ago

Submitted by Steven. on May 29, 2025

Okay great thanks for explaining. Have sent you a private message with info about alternative methods!

adri

10 months 3 weeks ago

Submitted by adri on May 29, 2025

So do we want to continue using 0 weights and auto-sorting, and if so is there a way for admins to bulk modify all of the weights to 0? I can manually go through again and change all the weights back to 0, but it would be nice if there were an easier way

Steven.

10 months 3 weeks ago

Submitted by Steven. on May 29, 2025

Something that might simplify it would be having each volume as a child page, then sorting each issue within that. Would you be okay with that? Then at least if something went wrong at some point again, it wouldn't affect every page and would be simpler to fix.

adri

10 months 3 weeks ago

Submitted by adri on May 29, 2025

Sounds good, it would also make it where you don't have to scroll as much. I'll start editing stuff later

Submitted by westartfromhere on June 7, 2025

adri wrote:

By "Nobody" in the latter quote, readers must read adri as no others have expressed the misunderstanding of the former quote by ourselves, and there is nothing to be read in the former that could possibly be misunderstood. Disagree, perhaps, but not misunderstand. This faculty of misunderstanding would appear to be the sole preserve of our co contributor to these pages.

It should be noted that the revised introduction submitted by westartfromhere transpired to include no allusion to the "proletarian revolution (strikes, demonstrations, desertion, mutiny, sabotage, free association...)" that occurred worldwide in the years 1917-1923. [This omission was entirely deliberate, as to make any connection between our spontaneous uprising and the machinations of social-democracy is to conflate opposites.

To fail to make a clear demarcation—as evidenced by the bourgeois titles, English, French, American, Russian, Ethiopian... Revolution—between proletarian revolution and the seizure of state power is to conflate two opposing forces: anti-political and the political, respectively.]

Nobody still knoweth what the hell thou art talking about, wherefore thee ref'r to yourself in the third p'rson, wherefore thee speak of yourself as if 't be true thee representeth the entire w'rking class, etc. What the hell art thee smoking?

We smoked a cigar, a couple of weeks ago. It cost us about £8.75. Quite pleasurable.

One member of the working class is indivisible from the whole.

Your omission, adri, of the seizure of state power by the Majority of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, in your introduction to this page above, appears to be a misunderstanding on your part.

adri

9 months ago

Submitted by adri on July 22, 2025

Just FYI Fozzie, some of the LSE issues are missing pages. The Vol. 9 No. 30 issue on the LSE site is missing pages 6 and 7, but the Internet Archive version has all the pages.

Fozzie

8 months ago

Submitted by Fozzie on August 19, 2025

I believe that this is now a complete* archive of the Dreadnought thanks to Adri? Great work!

(*possibly some issues are missing the odd page).

Steven.

8 months ago

Submitted by Steven. on August 19, 2025

Have just made this the front page article on the site, as that is really something to celebrate, great work kids!

adri

8 months ago

Submitted by adri on August 19, 2025

Oh yeah, didn't even notice. Nice one! I'll see about going through and transcribing some of the more interesting content, along with modifying some of the intros and stuff.

dreadnought vol4.png

Issues from the fourth volume of the Workers' Dreadnought.

Submitted by adri on May 30, 2025

Comments

adri

9 months 4 weeks ago

Submitted by adri on June 24, 2025

I'm not sure if we want to use this issue for Vol. 4 No. 28. It's the only scan that seems to be available, but it has a different newspaper title.

Fozzie

9 months 4 weeks ago

Submitted by Fozzie on June 24, 2025

Good work on all this adri.

I'd assume that is another publication that has been misattributed by whoever uploaded it to archive.org? So probably not - or at least not in this archive.

adri

9 months 4 weeks ago

Submitted by adri on June 24, 2025

Reading the the 29th issue, it seems like their printing shop got raided by the police:

Pankhurst wrote: Our issue of October 6th was stopped by the police, who visited the printer and caused the paper to be destroyed and the type to be melted down. So far as we know, the authorities had not seen, and the police did not read the issue in question, and the authorities have failed to communicate with us in any way. This extraordinary action has delayed the paper, forced us to change our printer, and put us to extra expense amounting to £35. Believe that our readers will not desire the paper to be handicapped by the above we trust unusual procedure, we appeal to our readers to send along donations to cover this sum. Our readers will join us in thanks to Mr. Francis of The Athenæum Press, who has consented to print for us at this juncture.

I'm not sure if they just sent out the above paper and considered it the 28th issue or if they actually did a proper Dreadnought issue. Seeing as how the "Workers' Suffrage Federation" was not an actual newspaper (it was the name of the group Pankhurst created, and which was later renamed to the Workers' Socialist Federation), I'm guessing this issue might actually be what they sent out or considered their 28th issue. Similarly, the "Workers' Suffrage Federation" issue doesn't have any issue or volume information, so it definitely doesn't seem like a separate paper.

Fozzie

9 months 4 weeks ago

Submitted by Fozzie on June 24, 2025

Ohhhh. Well maybe add the WSF paper with an explanatory note?

adri

9 months 4 weeks ago

Submitted by adri on June 24, 2025

Yeah, that will work I guess. We can always update it if it turns out that there is a proper Dreadnought issue somewhere, but I believe the "Workers' Suffrage Federation" issue is what they considered the 28th issue.

WD - Vol 4 No 28 - 6 October 1917 cover.jpg

The 6 October 1917 issue of the Workers' Dreadnought (Vol. 4 No. 28).

Submitted by adri on June 25, 2025

Note: As Pankhurst explained in the subsequent vol. 4 no. 29 issue, the police raided the Dreadnought's printer around the time that they were making 6 October issue. It appears that they sent out this issue instead with the title page reading "The Workers' Suffrage Federation," which was the name of the group Pankhurst set up and was affiliated with rather than an actual newspaper.

Comments

Sylvia Pankhurst announces the Russian Revolution and discusses its relevance to the situation in Britain.

Submitted by Spassmaschine on June 25, 2009

'Anarchy in Russia', say the newsagents' placards. The capitalist newspapers denounce the latest Russian Revolution in unmeasured terms, and even the working men and women in the street too often echo their angry denunciations. Yet the latest revolt of the Russian Revolution, the revolt with which the name of Lenin is associated, has been brought about in order that the workers of Russia may no longer be disinherited and oppressed. This revolt is the happening which definitely makes the Russian Revolution of the twentieth century the first of its kind. (...) We can look with confidence to the votes of the Russian people which, as yet, we cannot feel towards the votes of our own countrymen and women, because the Russian people have lately proved themselves. In the Moscow Municipal elections in the summer 72 per cent of the votes were cast for Socialist candidates. In Petrograd also the Socialists secured the majority of the votes. Compare the recent British Trade Union Congress and Labour Party manifestos with this of the Russian Soviet. Compare the general outlook of such working-class bodies in the two countries! Why are the British organisations so far behind the Russian?

War hardships, greater in Russia than in any other belligerent country, have contributed to make Russia riper for revolution than the others and to increase the need of her people for Socialism; but this is not the sole reason why the Russian workers are politically ahead of ours. In Russia the politics of advanced politicians have long been more definite and scientific, and, above all, more democratic, than the politics of those who are held to be advanced politicians in this country. The British Labour Party has hitherto existed without a programme; the programme which its Executive now proposes for it is so vaguely drawn that Mr Sidney Webb, a member at its Executive, is able to describe it as embodying: 'A Socialism which is no more specific than a definite repudiation of the individualism that characterises all the political parties of the past generation.'

Our Labour Conferences deal chiefly with fugitive partial reforms of the moment, in a spirit rather of opportunism than of adventure and research; and, to a lesser extent, the same thing may be said even of our Socialist Conferences. In the political field we believe we are right in saying that neither a Labour Party, Trade Union nor ILP Conference has discussed, at any rate within recent years, such essential democratic institutions as the Initiative Referendum and Recall, institutions which are all actually in being in the Western States of USA, and which are partially established elsewhere. A Russian Socialist woman said to us: 'People here are actually discussing whether the Referendum is democratic; why, I realised the democratic importance of the Referendum when I was fifteen years of age!' The following evening we heard Mr Bernard Shaw assuming, in addressing a Fabian audience, that our populace is too ignorant to be trusted to use the Referendum, and declaring that if it were established in this country, legislation would be held up altogether. The Lettish Social-Democratic Workers' Party was formed in 1904; at its second Congress in June, 1905, it placed the following political reforms on its programme:-

(1) Government by the people, i.e. the supreme power of the State, to be placed in the hands of a Legislative Assembly consisting of representatives elected by the whole population of Russia.

(2) Adult Suffrage, i.e., the right to an equal, secret and direct vote in all elections, local and national - for all citizens, men and women, who have reached the age of 20, according to the proportional representation system. Biennial elections.

But this was a long time ago; the Russian Socialists are now heading straight for Socialism, and for years past have been busily hammering out the programme and learning confidence in themselves and in it.

The educational value of a programme, which every new recruit to the Party must consider and accept, and every critic must discuss, is very great, and the Russian Socialist parties have not overlooked it. They have insisted that their members shall make up their minds as to what they believe and what they want.

In this country we have in the workers' movement a very large very cautious body of people which always shrinks from taking any step that appears adventurous or new and which always seems to be looking out of the corner of its eye to find out what the capitalist Press and public is saying and thinking of what it does. There are also, both inside and outside the Labour movement, large masses of people who are vaguely revolutionary in their tendencies and always ready to criticise those in power, but who have never mastered any economic or political theory. Their criticism is purely personal; they believe that if only Mr Asquith, Mr Lloyd George, or Mr Bonar Law can be turned out of office all will be well. Successive Ministries pass and re-pass; they are opposed to all of them but never learn that their quarrel is not with the individual Minister, but with the system which he upholds. Whilst our people are largely divided into one or other of these two categories we shall not make much progress. A great educational work is necessary to open the people's eyes to induce them to study Socialism, and to compare it with the capitalist system, the evils of which they now endure. Without the knowledge that such study will bring them, revolution would only mean a change of master, however successfully it might be accomplished; with that knowledge the people can do without delay all that they will.

The Russian problem is our problem: it is simply whether the people understand Socialism and whether they desire it.

Meanwhile, our eager hopes are for the speedy success of the Bolsheviks of Russia: may they open the door which leads to freedom for the people of all lands!

Published in Workers' Dreadnought, 17 November 1917. Taken from the Antagonism website.

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Churl Firebeck

16 years 2 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Churl Firebeck on February 21, 2010

Poor Sylvia, only to be disillusioned with Bolshevik's Russia later on!

dreadnought vol 5 masthead

A complete archive of issues from the fifth volume of the Workers' Dreadnought.

Submitted by adri on May 30, 2025

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Including: engineers threaten to strike over conscription, Sinn Fein, Irish democracy, news, commentary etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on September 16, 2024

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westartfromhere

1 year 5 months ago

Submitted by westartfromhere on November 2, 2024

A short biography of May O'Callaghan, author of the Sinn Fein article enclosed within this Number:

Callaghan was born in Wexford. She studied Modern Languages at the University of Vienna and between 1901 and 1914 taught English and gave lectures on the Irish Literary Revival.

In 1916 she was writing letters on behalf of East London Federation of Suffragettes. This was a Socialist suffragette organisation that broke away from Women's Social and Political Union.

Along with Nellie Cohen (sister of Rose Cohen), between 1919 and 1921 she ran the office of the People's Russian Information Bureau (established by Sylvia Pankhurst). She was also working as the sub-editor of the Workers' Dreadnought at this time. In 1919 the Communist Party (British Section of the Third International) was founded in the flat that she shared with Nellie Cohen and Daisy Lansbury.

In 1924 she travelled to Moscow where she stayed until 1928 and worked in the Translation Section of the Comintern Press Department.

In other words, she stood firmly in the authoritarian camp.

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Including: awful conditions in Belfast prison, Sylvia Pankhurst on the Brest Litovsk Treaty, women munition workers, socialist education: The New School continued from previous issue, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on October 30, 2024

Comments

westartfromhere

1 year 5 months ago

Submitted by westartfromhere on October 31, 2024

Ms Pankhurst's words on the betrayal of revolution by the Social Democrats of Russia are so blurred as to be unreadable.

Fozzie

1 year 5 months ago

Submitted by Fozzie on October 31, 2024

The PDF is readable I think? For some reason the screenshots I take of the first pages are a bit blurry. Not sure what to do about that.

Fozzie

1 year 5 months ago

Submitted by Fozzie on October 31, 2024

Maybe that's better....

westartfromhere

1 year 5 months ago

Submitted by westartfromhere on October 31, 2024

Opened it in a different Reader and it is clear now.

The words that resonate most today are those of Lloyd George:

The people who made the war for the purpose for which they made it are still there prosecuting the same sinister purpose.

No words to be read here from Comrade Pankhurst on the role of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty in betraying proletarian revolution worldwide.

Maybe this AI thing is useful after all:

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk is often seen as a betrayal of the proletarian revolution worldwide because it forced the fledgling Soviet government to cede vast territories to Germany, essentially abandoning revolutionary movements in those regions and undermining the idea of international solidarity among working classes, ultimately fuelling scepticism about the Bolsheviks' commitment to global revolution.

The Thumbnail looks better, Fozzie.

Fozzie

1 year 5 months ago

Submitted by Fozzie on October 31, 2024

OK good to know, thanks. It’s unnerving posting some of these with all the optimism about Russia…

westartfromhere

1 year 5 months ago

Submitted by westartfromhere on October 31, 2024

For her saving grace, Sylvia at least saw the errors of her ways.

To Lenin, as representing the Russian Communist Party and the Russian Soviet Government.

We address you as representative of the Russian Soviet Government and the Russian Communist Party. With deep regret we have observed you hauling down the flag of Communism and abandoning the cause of the emancipation of the workers. With profound sorrow we have watched the development of your policy of making peace with Capitalism and reaction.

Open letter to Lenin - Sylvia Pankhurst

adri

1 year 5 months ago

Submitted by adri on October 31, 2024

It’s unnerving posting some of these with all the optimism about Russia…

I had noticed that as well; the Dreadnought's position on Russia/Lenin certainly evolved over time. To be fair though, a lot of anarchists (e.g. Berkman and Goldman) were also initially optimistic about the Bolsheviks' coming to power. The Dreadnought captured events as they unfolded and contains a lot of useful primary sources that haven't been published elsewhere (e.g. the manifesto of the Unemployed Workers' Organisation), which is why the paper is worth a read.

Fozzie

1 year 5 months ago

Submitted by Fozzie on October 31, 2024

Yes exactly adri, the discomfort is a salutory reminder that life and history is a messy business...

westartfromhere

1 year 5 months ago

Submitted by westartfromhere on November 1, 2024

why the paper is worth a read.

As a contrast between the Marxist position and what Marx would have made of the takeover of bourgeois state power by the former Social Democratic Labour Party (excuse if that is not the correct title of the "Bolsheviks"), the paper is useful.

But the working class cannot simply lay hold of the ready-made state machinery, and wield it for its own purposes.

The centralised state power, with its ubiquitous organs of standing army, police, bureaucracy, clergy, and judicature—organs wrought after the plan of a systematic and hierarchic division of labour... serving nascent middle class society...

Thinking about the already bourgeois nature of Imperial Russia, the country was state capitalist a long time before the Marxists coined the phrase:

'The [pre-Revolutionary] Russian government also participated directly in the economy, buying almost two-thirds of the country's metallurgical production in 1899. The government also owned vast tracts of land, numerous mines and oil fields, and extensive forests.'

Thank you, adri, for directing us to the Unemployed Workers' Organisation's Manifesto. We should note, and contrast, the economistic plea of these Marxists, i.e. social-democrats, for "Abolition of the Wage System" as a means of addressing the Unemployment Problem, with the invariant position of the communist party, dictatorship by the proletariat for the abolition of wage labour itself.

Fozzie wrote: history is a messy business

In what sense is history messy? To the extent that history is written by the victor? That is why someone has to shine the light of truth, to be the mess of history solved. Presumably that is the role of libcom.org. Or is it just here to record the victors of history, thus far?

In short, to publish this Number with no critical disclaimer is tantamount to playing into the hands of our enemy.

Perhaps this is wrong? Perhaps this site is just a library for academics? If so, may we be so bold as to call it out as a degenerated workers' state? :-)

Red Marriott

1 year 5 months ago

Submitted by Red Marriott on November 1, 2024

I remember looking at the original copies in the British Museum newspaper archives in Hendon in the late 1980s. Already 70+ yrs old by then and printed on cheap paper, they were fragile and some were disintegrating. I wonder if they managed to digitise them all.

Submitted by Fozzie on November 2, 2024

I think adding a disclaimer to each issue is probably too much aggro personally, but others are welcome to assist with that - or we could add a general disclaimer to the main Dreadnoight index page?

adri

1 year 5 months ago

Submitted by adri on November 2, 2024

I would personally just rework the main intro page to better express the evolution of the paper so that people know. I think it sort of goes without saying that hosting/archiving something doesn't at all mean that one agrees with all its contents.

westartfromhere

1 year 5 months ago

Submitted by westartfromhere on November 2, 2024

Often, in the past, libcom have attached introductions citing disagreement with the content of the articles published on the site. The Brest-Litovsk Treaty is such a pivotal moment between proletarian revolution and the bourgeois reaction to it that this Number deserves particular note as demonstrating the failure to call out the capitulation on the part of the Bolshevik regime. Hopefully our comments have served this purpose.

adri

1 year 5 months ago

Submitted by adri on November 2, 2024

I went ahead and modified the index-page intro, if that's ok with everyone.

westartfromhere

1 year 5 months ago

Submitted by westartfromhere on November 3, 2024

Very good. Just made one minor alteration:

Capitalised Communist, in "left-wing Communist".

Communism as a peculiar, social-democratic, period of capitalism is capitalised in writing.

This other—"Communism as the positive transcendence of private property as human self-estrangement, and therefore as the real appropriation of the human essence by and for man; communism therefore as the complete return of man to himself as a social (i.e., human) being – a return accomplished consciously and embracing the entire wealth of previous development. This communism, as fully developed naturalism, equals humanism, and as fully developed humanism equals naturalism; it is the genuine resolution of the conflict between man and nature and between man and man – the true resolution of the strife between existence and essence, between objectification and self-confirmation, between freedom and necessity, between the individual and the species. Communism is the riddle of history solved, and it knows itself to be this solution"—is neither left, nor right.

In this sense communism is always correctly written in the lower case. Whether this latter sense can be descried as libertarian communism is debatable. It is not unbounded freedom of the individual as individual freedom is relative to the necessity of the community of struggle to survive.

adri

1 year 5 months ago

Submitted by adri on November 3, 2024

No idea what you're on about, as usual, so I reverted back to my revision and would appreciate it if you would not touch anything.

westartfromhere

1 year 5 months ago

Submitted by westartfromhere on November 3, 2024

Who coined the phrase Left-Wing Communism?

“...The question arises: who is to exercise this dictatorship: the Communist Party or the proletarian class? ... Fundamentally, should we strive for a dictatorship of the Communist Party, or for a dictatorship by the proletarian class?...”

Excerpt from Vladimir Lenin’s, “Left-Wing” Communism: an Infantile Disorder

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Including: Catherine Breshovsky - grandmother of the Russian Revolution, Sylvia Pankhurst's review of the week, capitalism and the counter-revolution by J.T. Walton Newbold, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on July 30, 2025

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue, but reproduce it for reference.

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Including: John Reed on Eugene Debs, "the lust of victory is postponing peace" by Sylvia Pankhurst, marxist industrial unionism, IWW in court in Chicago, women and industry after the war, etc.

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Submitted by Fozzie on November 21, 2024

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Including: consternation at revolutionaries attending Labour Party rally at the Royal Albert Hall, rally in Derbyshire following Sylvia Pankhurst sedition trial, Feminism in Fiction book review, labour movement in Greece, revolution spreads to central Europe, Russia, Irish prisoners, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on December 4, 2024

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The post-Armistice issue, including: government policy triggers unemployment and low pay, release political prisoners and conscientious objectors, Russia, war and revolution by J.T. Walton Newbold, Sylvia Pankhurst on Armistice, Doushan Popovitch obituary, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on December 5, 2024

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Including: British soldiers vs Russians in the Arctic, Kropotkin arrested by the Bolsheviks, Socialist Labour Party and the election, "We did not stop it" - Sylvia Pankhurst on WWI, Russia, Lenin and Trotsky biographies, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on December 13, 2024

Sylvia Pankhurst

Anti-parliamentary article published in Workers' Dreadnought on the day of the 1918 British general election.

Submitted by Spassmaschine on June 25, 2009

'No, I'm not going to vote', said a poor woman in a 'bus, 'the British Government would take the blood from your heart'. In those bitter words she summed up her attitude towards the empty political balderdash, which now issues in prolific streams from the mouths of Parliamentary candidates and their supporters, and all but fills the newspapers.

We hope nothing from this election, save that it may serve to spur the workers on to abolish Parliament, the product and instrument of the capitalist system, and to establish in its place Councils of Workers' Delegates, which shall be the executive instruments for creating and maintaining the Socialist community. The Parliament which is now being elected cannot possibly be fitted to cope with the great and important changes that are impending.

The Coalition is the Party of Capitalist reaction, the Liberal Party is but a weaker embodiment of the same thing. As for the Labour Party -- if all, and more than all, its candidates were elected, even if, by reason of their numbers, it could capture the reins of Government, it would give us nothing more than a wishy-washy Reformist Government, which, when all the big issues that really matter came to be decided, would be swept along in the wake of capitalist policy. The list of Labour Party candidates presents a curious medley of ex- Liberals, ex-Tories, Jingo Trade Unionists of narrow outlook, middle-class pacifists, with a small sprinkling of Socialists. It would be impossible to secure decisive action from such an assemblage on any really vital question.

Mr Sidney Webb, whose ideas, long discarded by the awakened rank and file in the workshops, still holds the executive in thrall, has foisted upon the Party the tame, middle-class reformism embodied in that document, ridiculous as coming from a workers' party, which is called 'Labour and the New Social Order.' The pettifogging reforms there laid down will change nothing; they will leave the poor still poor, the rich still rich. When every one of those resolutions has been enacted, still we shall have with us men and women dwarfed in every faculty by chronic want: the class that is lectured and patronised, written about and legislated for, and for whom charities are arranged, the parents, whose children it is said to be necessary to 'protect' from their 'ignorance'.

The acceptance of Webb's new social order will neither empty the prisons, which are filled by poverty's crimes, nor deprive the rich Theosophists of the opportunity to develop the gentler side of their natures by visiting the slums. Webb and the majority of the Executive, the Parliamentary candidates, and the prominent personages in the Labour Party, are struggling hard against a philosophy, growing fast amongst the rank and file -- a philosophy which it is found convenient to call Bolshevism; but which, of course, is simply Socialism. Says Webb in The Daily News of December 10th:- "The essence of Bolshevism is a contempt for Parliamentary institutions; the loss of faith in Democracy as we understand it; reliance on 'direct action' by the wage-earners themselves; the supersession of the House of Commons by 'Workmen's and Soldiers' Councils,' from which all but the manual workers are excluded; and the dictatorship of the Proletariat.' This is the revolutionary epidemic which is now spreading westward over Europe. (...)"

Webb for a political generation has been called a Socialist. Was he really a Socialist in his youth? If he has ever had a glimmering of the vision of Socialism he must surely realise that, under Socialism, we shall all be the proletariat, that there will be but one class. In the transition stage, when people who employ others and live on incomes they have not earned still remain, surely it is but wise to concentrate the voting strength in the hands of those who are workers. It is right to do this, if only as a symbol that honour is due to the worker, not to those who live as parasites on the wealth produced by others. If in the transition stages the Webbs, as well as the Northcliffes and Rockefellers, should be deprived of votes surely their practice in wielding the pen still gives them more than their share of influence.

The tide of Socialism, bringing all power to the workers, is sweeping over Europe and waves of Socialist thought, of working-class longing, are rising to meet it in this country; Webb and those who are holding the reins of power in the Labour Party shrink from it, fearfully trembling. Unconscious lackeys of the capitalist system, instinctively they fear that system's fall. Is there no spirit in their souls to answer to the call of Socialist fraternity? It seems not.

Published in Workers' Dreadnought, 14 December 1918. Taken from the Antagonism website.

Comments

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Special Russian number, including: The structure of the Soviet state, the chief task of our times by Lenin, Soviet decrees, education and the Russian soviets, impressions of Russia by Albert Rhys Williams, etc. We do not agree with much of the contents of this issue, but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on December 18, 2024

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Including: printing tram tickets in Russia, workers council in St Etienne, the Discharged Soldiers Federation, German Working Women in Wartime, Sylvia Pankhurst on revolution and housing, demobilisation muddle, women's movement in South Africa, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on December 20, 2024

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Including: Maxim Gorki, dockworkers demand pay rise, Sylvia Pankhurst on the League of Nations, new UK government, Trotsky's speech on the Red Army, work and fatigue, etc. We do not agree with all of the contents but reproduce this issue for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on December 21, 2024

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Including: Guy Aldred on conscription, globalisation and India + Burma, Sylvia Pankhurst on the deaths of Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, protest outside Wandsworth prison for conscientious objector, etc.

Author
Submitted by Fozzie on December 22, 2024

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Including: "Ireland, Marx and Internationalism" by Captain White, Russia, London shop stewards meetings by Sylvia Pankhurst, International Labour Conference, strikes, a union for soldiers, etc. We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on December 26, 2024

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Including: the miners' demands, a soldier's account of WWI, Crossley Motors strike, David Ramsey trial, Lenin on the cause of famine, etc. We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on December 28, 2024

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Including: Guy Aldred on the torture of conscientious objectors, a soldier's account of WWI part 3, Russia, David Ramsey found guity of sedition, etc. We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Author
Submitted by Fozzie on December 30, 2024

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Including: Bolsheviks at the Berne conference, a soldier writes about WWI part 4, Lenin on the international revolution, the divide between German and Russian socialism, the possibilities for strikes, etc. We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but republish it here for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on December 31, 2024

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Complete online archive of issues from the sixth volume of the Workers' Dreadnought.

Submitted by adri on May 30, 2025

Comments

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Including: Moscow conference and the Third International, coal crisis in South Wales, Hungarian socialists, a soldier writes about WWI part 5, views on the Berne conference, working class life in Bethnal Green, etc. We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on January 1, 2025

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Including: Egypt, compensation for murdered seamen, a soldier writes on WWI part 6, domestic service, Sylvia Pankhurst on Labour and the League of Nations, Daily Herald coverage of Russia, Bukharin article, South Wales miners, etc. We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on January 2, 2025

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Including: South Wales miners and teachers disputes, National Industrial Conference, a conscientious objector on prison conditions, Bertrand Russel book review, Russia, Alexandra Kollontai, air pollution, etc. We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on January 3, 2025

Article in Workers' Dreadnought opposing the involvement of the Allied nations in the Russian Civil War.

Submitted by Spassmaschine on June 25, 2009

Wake up! Wake up! Oh, sleepy British people! The new war is in full blast, and you are called to fight in it; you cannot escape; you must take part!

Out of the old inter-capitalist war between the Allies and the Central Empires, the war, the actual crude, cruel fighting between the workers and the capitalists has emerged. Soldiers who enlisted, or were conscripted for the old war have been quietly kept on to fight in the new war which began without any formal declaration. They have not been asked: 'Do you approve this war; do you understand it?' They have merely been detained and will now fight against their comrades.

Officially the British Government is not at war with Socialism in Europe, though in actual fact British and other Allied soldiers have been fighting it for a long time, and British money and munitions are keeping the soldiers of other governments in the field against it. There has been no official declaration of war, but the House of Commons, on April 9th, expressed its opinion in support of the war on Socialism in general, and on Russian Socialism in particular. This expression of opinion the Home Secretary claims to have been unanimous, and certainly when he challenged Members to express a contrary opinion no voice of dissent was audible enough to reach the columns of Hansard or the press. No Member of Parliament has written to the newspapers to make his protest.

Some Socialists tell us that the floor of the House of Commons is a splendid platform for propaganda; but the trouble is that when they get into the House, their courage seems to evaporate like a child's soap bubble. We have heard of Labour Members of Parliament being ready to do and say all sorts of heroic things to get themselves put out of the House, to arrest the world's attention on some appropriate occasion. That is not much, of course, as compared with running the risk of death in the horrible trenches or with being incarcerated for years in prison; but here was an opportunity, if ever there was one, for Members of Parliament to display all their pluck! Clem Edwards, the notorious anti-Socialist, moved the adjournment of the House, 'to draw attention to a definite matter of urgent public importance, namely, the alleged overtures from the Bolshevik regime in Russia to the Peace Conference in Paris.'

In the debate Brigadier-General Page Croft and Lieut. Col. Guinness suggested that some Members of Parliament support the Bolsheviki. Did any man cry out: 'Yes, we are proud to stand by our fellow workers in their fight for Socialism'? No, on the contrary, the Labour Members broke out into cries of protest against the suggestion that they had any such sympathies. Bottomley rewarded them by an assurance of 'the profoundest and most affectionate respect'. The Home Secretary hammered in the point, saying the debate had called forth 'from every quarter of the House an indignant repudiation that the House contained a single Bolshevik sympathiser.' He described the Soviet Government as 'a mere gang of bloodthirsty ruffians,' and said it would strengthen the hands of the Government to know there is no quarter' for any Soviet supporters, 'at any rate in the British House of Commons.'

Even then there was no protest! Where was the lead to the country, and especially to the lads who may mistakenly enlist in the counterrevolutionary armies, which our 'leaders' in Parliament might have given? Of what were the opponents of the resolution afraid? Either they are cravens, or their opposition to the new war is of a very lukewarm character. The real work for the Socialist revolution must be done outside Parliament.

On April 10th, the day after the House of Commons has thus expressed itself, the first contingent of volunteers set sail for Russia. (à)

The British men who are in the army of the Government are fighting against the Workers' Socialist Revolution just as are the men who are fighting in the armies of the capitalist Government of Germany, France, Italy, America, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and any other governments which are joining in the strife. In all these armies the truth that they are fighting Socialism has dawned on some of the soldiers, and many of them have deserted and joined the Red Armies of the working-class Socialism.

Many who are not actually in the fighting rank have nevertheless ranged themselves against the capitalist governments and on the side of the Soviets. Philips Price, who is editing a Bolshevik newspaper in Russia and many other British people are aiding the Soviets over there. In this country we can also help by working with might and main to establish the British Soviets, by telling the soldiers, sailors, and workers the issues that are at stake in the International Civil War.

That war has now spread far beyond the boundaries of Russia. General Smuts has left Hungary abruptly, finding that Soviet Hungary stood firm for Communism. Shall we presently see the armies of capitalism marching on Hungary? The Evening News reported that the Serbs had refused to obey the order of the Big Four to send their troops to attack Hungary, because the Allies has not yet recognised the kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. But the Allies will presently secure a capitalist army from somewhere to carry on the fight. Paderewski is reported to have refused to send Polish troops to fight Communism, unless Dantzig and other territory is conceded to Poland. The Allies will bargain with Paderewski till they have bought his support or substituted a Polish ruler who is more amenable.

Churchill has revealed the fact that Germany is ordered, as one of the peace conditions, to fight Communism, and that the Germans may buy their way into the League of Nations by doing this efficiently. Indeed, the entire policy of the Paris Conference is dominated by the policy its members are pursuing in the war between the capitalists and the workers. Both false and foolish are the stories, so industriously circulated, that the British and American politicians at the Peace Conference are the pacifying influences and that they are working against a peace of annexation and oppression; whilst the French and Italian politicians are the greedy Jingoes, who, by demanding all sorts of advantages for themselves, are preventing the peace. The plain fact is that British and American capitalists have got what they set out to gain by the war with the Central Empires and the French and Italians have not. (...)

It is stated now that Germany is to pay the Allies between ten and twelve thousand million pounds and that the payments will be spread over fifty years, during which the Allies will occupy Germany, we suppose. Evidently it is thought that fifty years will not be too much for the crushing out of Bolshevism. Moreover, after such a period of occupation, history teaches us to anticipate that the occupying Powers will consider it inexpedient to withdraw. Ireland, Egypt, and India all stand as landmarks calling us to this conclusion.

To this pass has capitalism brought us. Europe, neutral and belligerent alike, is starving: not a household in our country, or any other, but mourns some of its members who lost their lives in the last war; and the world, in order to maintain the capitalist system, stands on the threshold of a time of still more extensive war.

British workers, which side are you on in the International Civil War?

Published in Workers' Dreadnought, 19 April 1919. Taken from the Antagonism website.

Comments

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Including: Repressive colonial laws in India, a message from Lenin, conditions in prisoner of war camps in England, Russia, Paris Peace Conference, Clara Zetkin on the Bolsheviks, etc. We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on January 5, 2025

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Including: Hungarian revolution, "how the rulers of England are strangling the Russian revolution", Karl Radek on the dictatorship of the proletariat, UK news, etc. We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on January 6, 2025

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Including: Harry Pollitt appeals to dockers to assist Russia, May Day in London and Glasgow, spycops, "Action" by Sylvia Pankhurst, French control of the Saar Valley, Bolsheviks on India, etc. We do not agree of the contents of this issue, but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on January 7, 2025

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Including: Rally at the Dail in Ireland, Russian news, nationalisation of mines in South Wales, Sylvia Pankhurst on prospects for Germany post-war, etc. We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue, but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on January 8, 2025

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Including: Anton Pannekoek on the German revolution, training for newcomers, a protestor's account of her picket of Wandsworth prison. government spying on soldiers, European peace treaty, child welfare in the UK and Russia, May Day in Ireland, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on January 9, 2025

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Including: wives of interned foreigners protest, Bukharin on establishing communism, Sylvia Pankhurst on the Labour party and peace terms, Limerick general strike, financial organisation of Russia, South Wales notes, etc. We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on January 10, 2025

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Including: League of Nations vs workers, mining and unemployment in South Wales, Sylvia Pankhurst on the police and a potential general strike, Labour Party and Russia, Royal Air Force union recognition dispute, racism in London docks, Helen Keller on revolution, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Author
Submitted by Fozzie on January 13, 2025

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Including: Russia, the Third International, Ramsey MacDonald and the Italian Socialist Party, Indian reform bill, programme of the German Spartacists, Workers Socialist Federation becomes the Communist Party, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue, but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on January 14, 2025

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Including: Ramsay MacDonald vs the Bolsheviks. Eugene Debs' speech on imprisonment, work in Russia, building workers union against dismissal of member, Australia, Ireland, China, London Workers' Committee conference, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on January 15, 2025

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Including: Labour Party conference declares solidarity with Russia and Hungary, Russia, Ireland, peace declared but class war continues, South Wales miners, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on January 17, 2025

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Including: Perspectives on Russia, international news, general strike planned for Britain France and Italy on July 21st, Finnish Communist Party write to Lenin, South Wales, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on January 22, 2025

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Including: strikes in Winnipeg, the Second and Third Internationals, Red Army in Ukraine, Sylvia Pankhurst on Winston Churchill's defence of capitalism, Tolstoy, Bela Kun, Karl Liebknecht, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on January 24, 2025

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Including: Fife rent strike, strikes in Germany and Austria, Winnipeg strikes repression pt 2, Greece, Italy, Russia, Sylvia Pankhurst on strikes in the UK, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue, but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on January 27, 2025

East End of London 1919

A short account of the organisation of street parties in the East End of London in 1919, following the conclusion of the armistice in World War One. Pankhurst uses the example of a street party put together by the local parents to make a simple point – that ‘organising’ is not the practice of a select chosen, but is a set of skills that can and will be practiced by everyone. This undergirded her wider belief that the struggle for suffrage and ultimately communism, would come from the mass activity of the working-classes themselves.

Submitted by Fozzie on January 30, 2025

During the war the men living in the Bow streets formed themselves into patrols, keeping vigil night after night in case of air raids. When the Armistice put an end to their labours they held a party for the children of the neighbouring streets in the W.S.F. Hall at 400 Old Ford Road. But now the mothers are giving parties—Peace Parties—to the children, not in a hall [in] this lovely weather, but in the open street, and the idea is spreading like a fever from street to street. Last Saturday we saw the wonderful party that the mothers of Appian Road had organised. We could hardly believe our eyes. All the greyness was gone. From innumerable strings stretched across the street hung numberless paper pennants, all in pale colours -— white, pink, lilac, green, blue—so many, so many of them, as gay and light as a forest of almond blossom. The walls of the houses were all covered with decorations, from as high as the top of the ground-floor windows one could see no bricks at all, they were covered by lace curtains, striped muslins, of many colours, and all sorts of draperies, and hanging from all the windows were the bright, strong, primary colours of the Union Jack and other national flags. There were mottoes over the doors, such as: “Peace, Peace! All are Welcome.” Beside the open doors stood small tables, which had been brought out to serve as stands for flowers, photographs, and other ornaments. Right down the street, in the middle of the road, were trestle-tables, covered with white cloths decorated with flowers, and loaded with cakes and bread and butter. 172 children, all dressed in clean pinafores, were at tea, and the mothers were waiting on them, whilst fathers, grandparents and other friends were sitting in the doorways watching them. Two men, with highly painted faces, dressed in curious gay garments and posing as a country man and woman, were strolling up and down amusing everyone. Some of the mothers were wearing best dresses and clean, white aprons, but some had a wonderful fancy costume, having a mob cap, a bodice of broad red and white striped cotton material, a short, blue cotton skirt, with the name “Britannia” stitched upon it, and low shoes tied, with red white and blue.

There were no parsons, district visitors, or social workers amongst the throng: the whole affair had been organised by the mothers of the street. One of them was now reading out to the group at each table in turn a bunch of letters and telegrams of good wishes, which had been received. She said that she had written to Buckingham Palace for a message. The King’s Secretary had replied that it was a most unusual thing for the King to send a message to a public gathering of that kind, but that if a telegram of congratulation were sent to him no doubt it would be replied to, “So if the King wants a telegram,” she said, her voice broken by annoyance, “he has got it, I sent one off at two o’clock, but I haven’t had an answer yet.” But neither the children nor the majority of the adults were worrying about a Royal greeting. This was their very own party, organised by themselves, and they were charmed by its prettiness and gaiety.

We, too, were well pleased, for we saw in these parties the germ of the co-operative life that will arise when the Social Revolution comes.

The people of the poor, little streets of Bow have begun by organising children’s parties: some day they will organise the Soviets.

Text transcribed for Prometheus by L Wilkinson where the text and intro is taken from:
https://prometheusjournal.org/2025/01/08/two-pieces-by-sylvia-pankhurst/

Comments

westartfromhere

1 year 2 months ago

Submitted by westartfromhere on February 3, 2025

We, too, were well pleased, for we saw in these parties the germ of the co-operative life that will arise when the Social Revolution comes.

Is not a street committee organised for social ends part and parcel of an ongoing social revolution? Admittedly, not the conquest of political power but a step on the road to conquering political power.

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Including: food riots and strikes in Italy, Winnipeg strike repression, life in Petrograd, Sylvia Pankhurst on the treachery of the Second International, spycops, Hungary, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue, but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on January 29, 2025

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Including: South Wales miners call for nationalisation, Russia, questions for the TUC, general strike and martial law in Italy, the battle of the Baltic, general strike in Switzerland, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on January 30, 2025

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Including: Swiss Socialist Party joins Third International, Alexander Kolchak kills Bolshevik prisoners, Claude McKay poem, news from Russia, TUC and the police strike, William Griffiths fined for leaflets "spreading disaffection", UK and international news, etc.

Author
Submitted by Fozzie on January 31, 2025

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Including: working conditions of shipbuilders, chart of Soviet governance in Russia, Sylvia Pankhurst on the political situation in the UK, Japan and Soviet Russia, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on February 3, 2025

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Including: lengthy report on Trade Union Congress in Glasgow by Sylvia Pankhurst, Alexandra Kollontai on the activity of the Russian People's Commisariat for Social Welfare, church and schools in Russia, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on July 30, 2025

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Comments

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Including: Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America, Ireland, critique of trade union officials, Lloyd George and Labour, women in Russia, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference,

Submitted by Fozzie on February 4, 2025

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Including: London anarchist counter government propaganda, Conference of London Workers, Russia, Communist Labour Party of America formed, Lenin on the future of the soviet, railwaymen strike, German communists, housing, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue, but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on February 5, 2025

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Including: Lloyd George and Russia, counter revolution in Hungary, memories of Lenin in Zurich, Italy, nationalisation of mines, moral of the railwaymen strike, Australian seamen strike, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on February 7, 2025

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Including: Repression in Siberia, treatment of Russian prisoners in Britain, Ireland, peasants strike in Italy, Hungary, I.W.W. members persecuted, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on February 17, 2025

Comments

westartfromhere

1 year 2 months ago

Submitted by westartfromhere on February 17, 2025

Nice to see the true colours of the self-styled "Communist Party" emblazoned on this front page: 'Central Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Party'.

Just in case anyone needs reminding of this pernicious ideology, "the peculiar character of social-democracy is",

...epitomised in the fact that democratic-republican institutions are demanded as a means, not of doing away with two extremes, capital and wage labor, but of weakening their antagonism and transforming it into harmony. However different the means proposed for the attainment of this end may be, however much it may be trimmed with more or less revolutionary notions, the content remains the same. This content is the transformation of society in a democratic way, but a transformation within the bounds of the petty bourgeoisie. Only one must not get the narrow-minded notion that the petty bourgeoisie, on principle, wishes to enforce an egoistic class interest. Rather, it believes that the special conditions of its emancipation are the general conditions within whose frame alone modern society can be saved and the class struggle avoided. Just as little must one imagine that the democratic representatives are indeed all shopkeepers or enthusiastic champions of shopkeepers. According to their education and their individual position they may be as far apart as heaven and earth. What makes them representatives of the petty bourgeoisie is the fact that in their minds they do not get beyond the limits which the latter do not get beyond in life, that they are consequently driven, theoretically, to the same problems and solutions to which material interest and social position drive the latter practically. This is, in general, the relationship between the political and literary representatives of a class and the class they represent.

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Including: Jacques Sadoul sentenced to death for supporting Russian revolution, peasant strikes in Italy, the workers' committee, Sylvia Pankhurst on the communist programme, wage slavery and profiteering after the armistice, Russia, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on February 18, 2025

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Including: conditions for garment workers in Stockport, capitalism in Rhodesia, Domela Nieuwenhuis obituary, Italian elections, Russia, Sinn Fein suppressed by British government, Helen Keller wants blockade of Russia lifted, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on February 19, 2025

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Communist issue, including: workers' movement in Germany, "Hands Off Russia" by Sylvia Pankhurst, socialism by Serrati, Herbert Cole illustration, the white guard in Italy, communism in Mexico, The Future of Peace and War by Trotsky, W.F Watson released from prison, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on February 20, 2025

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Including: TUC fails to support British workers and Soviet Union, Nora Connolly on Labour in Ireland, Maxim Gorki on the 1917 revolution, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on February 21, 2025

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Including: corruption in Hungary, a letter from Lenin, the allies and Ukraine, formation on the International Union of ex-servicemen, Sylvia Pankhurst on the Independent Labour Party, police agent Alex Gordon and the suffragettes, revolutionary youth of Scandinavia, Labour in Ireland by Nora Connolly, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on February 25, 2025

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Including: white guard terror in Hungary, racist "pass laws" in South Africa, Zionviev on industrial unionism, Labour in Ireland by Nora Connolly, conditions in the post office, Kollontai and the family, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on February 26, 2025

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Including: Clara Zetkin on Rosa Luxemburg, Workers Committee conference in East London, politics of the Daily Herald, International Congress of Socialist and Communist Students in Geneva, prospects for railwaymen strike, international news, Labour in Ireland by Nora Connolly, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on February 27, 2025

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Including: Labour Party and Russia, news from South East Europe, Sylvia Pankhurst on the clampdown on communists in the ILP, the repression of the IWW in Washington state, the Second International vs the Third, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue, but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on February 28, 2025

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Including: Supplement on the first meeting of the Third International in Europe, Claude McKay on the NAACP and struggle by black people in America, agricultural workers in Argentina, Maxim Gorki, international news, Labour party fails to support Isleworth strikers, Zionviev on the Communist Party and unions part 2, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Author
Submitted by Fozzie on March 3, 2025

Comments

westartfromhere

1 year 1 month ago

Submitted by westartfromhere on March 4, 2025

"My log schoolhouse was gone. In its place stood Progress; and Progress, I understand, is necessarily ugly." Dubois

The opening article contains a most prescient history of the origins of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, tracing its origins to a benevolent bourgeoisie, composed of old WASP money, moneyed Quakers and Jews. This origin story would wisely be compared with the establishment of Black Lives Matter, notably the part that one benevolent entrepreneur, George Soros (né György Schwartz—"Black"), played through the auspices of the Open Society Foundations.

Never say the Enemy is stupid.

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Including: Labour party and Russia, conditions of Russian soldiers in France, class struggle in Spain, Bernard Shaw praises Lenin, prospects for socialism in India, massacre in the Punjab, Claude McKay on WWI in East Africa, Norway, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Author
Submitted by Fozzie on March 4, 2025

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Including: Bolsheviks vs Czech soldiers in Siberia, Italian railway strike, Daily Herald is Labour party propaganda, coal and iron in India, Claude McKay on international finance, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Author
Submitted by Fozzie on March 5, 2025

Sylvia Pankhurst discusses the problems of regroupment facing British left groups, and the proposals to affiliate to the Communist International.

Submitted by Spassmaschine on June 25, 2009

In The Call of February 12th Albert Inkpin, secretary to the BSP, gives an account of private unity negotiations to form a Communist Party of the four organisations which at present declare affiliation to the Third or Communist International, inaugurated at Moscow.

Before dealing with the general principles involved, which are of very much greater importance than the mere details of the negotiations I will add a little to Inkpin's account and make also some corrections in it.

The beginning of the negotiations dates a good deal further back than Inkpin puts it; in fact, from the summer of 1918, when members of the WSF Workers' Socialist Federation, led by Pankhurst, hearing that almost the whole of the BSP Executive would be affected by the raising of the conscription age, approached the BSP in a spirit of comradeship, with a tentative offer of fusion which was very cordially received. The WSF, however, drew back from the negotiations, because in the course of them, E. C. Fairchild stated that he did not think the organisation should decide between Parliament and bourgeois democracy and the Soviets and the proletarian dictatorship, as the goal towards which our propaganda should be aiming. Inkpin and Alexander who took part in the negotiations, did not dissent from Fairchild's statement, and as it was proposed that Fairchild should be co-editor of the proposed joint organ of the new party, it was evident that a revolutionary Socialist body, like the WSF, could not possibly agree to fusion.

At Whitsuntide, 1919, the WSF annual conference instructed its Executive to open negotiations with the BSP, SLP, and South Wales Socialist Society, for the formation of a united Communist Party. The BSP had by this time declared for the Soviets, though it was still waiting to ballot its members on the subject of affiliation to the Third International. Messages had in the meantime come direct from the Third International urging the formation of a Communist Party in Britain and, as Inkpin says, a unity conference was called shortly afterwards.

The proposed unity compromise
As Inkpin further says, a proposal for unity emerged on the basis of the following planks:-

(1) Affiliation to the Third International.

(2) The Dictatorship of the Proletariat.

(3) The Soviets instead of Parliament.

(4) A Referendum of the new party to be taken three months after its formation to decide whether it should affiliate to the Labour Party.

The WSF contends that it was also decided to take a referendum on the question of Parliamentary action three months after the formation of the new party, a question of great importance in this country, as the letter from W. Gallacher, which follows this article, will plainly indicate to those not already aware of it. As I was at the time acting in a secretarial capacity to the unity conference, I took notes of the conference and wrote to each of the societies embodying these notes. The five points, enumerated above, were set forth in my letter. Nevertheless the BSP and SLP, though they did not dissent from my version of the proceedings at the time, seem to have overlooked the Parliamentary point and did not add it to the ballot of their members, which they took later on.

Rank and file refuses Labour Party affiliation
The BSP ballot paper, as Inkpin points out, grouped the three main planks with the question of a referendum on the Labour Party affiliation, as the condition of forming a united party, and asked its membership to vote 'yes or no.' The result was a majority for unity on that basis.

The SLP asked its membership, as Inkpin says, for two votes; (1) on the question of unity on the basis of the three main planks; (2) on whether a referendum should be taken of the new party on affiliation to the Labour Party. (...)

The WSF ballot asked the views of its members on each of the five questions separately, and also inquired whether the members would agree for the sake of unity to the suggested referendum on the Labour Party and Parliamentary action. The result was an overwhelming majority for the three main points, and against Parliamentary action and affiliation to the Labour Party. On the question whether the referendum should be agreed to in order to secure unity of the four parties, the voting was equal.

Inkpin goes on to explain that whilst the unity negotiations were proceeding between the four organisations, the BSP privately make special endeavours to enter into relations with the SLP, but these failed.

Inkpin next refers to a further conference on unity, called by it in January. As a matter of fact there were two January Conferences; one on January 8th, one on January 24th. The SLP did not attend the conference of January 8th, and at the time the result of their ballot was not known; the conference was informed that the SLP had not replied to the invitation.

BSP proposal
As Inkpin says, he proposed on behalf of the BSP:

that the three bodies accepting the unity proposals should proceed on the lines of the original recommendation, leaving it to the logic of events to bring in the SLP. We suggested the immediate establishment of a Standing Joint Committee of the three bodies, to go into the details of amalgamation -- finance, papers, offices, and staffs -- prepare a draft platform and constitution for the new party, and summon a great national congress to be held at Easter, of all organisations and branches of organisations, local groups, and societies, that were ready to join in, at which the Communist Party should be definitely launched. This Standing Joint Committee should also be empowered, on behalf of the three bodies, to issue manifestos and pronouncements on all matters of national and international importance, act as the British secretariat of the Third International, and conduct a great campaign in the country leading up to the Easter Congress.

As I pointed out at the time, this proposal would have placed the Standing Joint Committee above the Executive of the existing parties in the matter of national and international policy, giving it the right to issue manifestos in their name before the parties had arrived at a common agreement on policy, and before the had decided whether to fuse or not! (...)

I stated that in my opinion unity without the SLP would not be the unity of all the Communist parties which we had set out to effect, and that a further effort to obtain the presence of the SLP should be made. Moreover, I expressed as my view and that of the WSF, that the BSP forms the right wing of the Communist parties, and that unless the three other parties came in together, there would be a danger that the right wing policy would predominate.

The resolution to adjourn was carried. At the conference of January 24th, when I was not present, a letter was read from the SLP stating that as a majority of its members had voted against unity, it could take no part in negotiations.

The South Wales Socialist Society then moved that the conference should adjourn until after the forthcoming meeting of the Third International and should then meet to receive the report of the delegates to that conference. Though in neither case had the WSF anticipated that the South Wales Socialist Society's proposals would take the form they did, the WSF again found the SWSS proposal wise, and our delegates seconded it. The proposal was carried.

Third International declines against affiliation to Labour Party
A very interesting unity conference will now take place, because the Third International meeting, which has just been held, has stated that the affiliation of no Communist party will be accepted which has not completely severed its connection with the social patriotic organisations, amongst which, it declares, is the British Labour Party. Therefore it would seem that if that international meeting can be held to speak for the Third International, the Communists of Britain must either be out of the Labour Party or out of the Third International. This is a matter of great importance to those who are considering the formation of a new Communist party.

The Labour Party affiliation, the principles involved
But let us now proceed to a fuller examination of this question. Inkpin does not seriously argue it. He seems to regard it as a merit not to hold strong views on this, or perhaps on any question that might hinder unity with the BSP, though the BSP policy is of course in a fluid condition and is in process of emergence, under the pressure of circumstances, from the old ideals of the Second International. Inkpin says:

'Personally, I do, because all past experience has shown the stultification that follows isolation from the main body of the working-class movement. But, as I say, I would take my chance. To me the need for the Communist Party is the supreme question -- all others are secondary to this.'

'But would affiliation apply for all time?'

'Of course not. No tactics can be determined now to apply for all time. We are in a revolutionary period, and circumstances might speedily arise to compel the Communist Party to leave the Labour Party. Or it might be expelled. In either case it would be, I think, in circumstances that would witness at the same time the secession of large numbers from the Labour Party, which the Communist Party would absorb.'

It will be observed that comrade Inkpin refers to the Labour Party as 'the main body of the working-class movement.' Another comrade of the BSP, at the Third International, just held, put the BSP position more strongly. He said: 'We regard the Labour Party as the organised working-class.'

We do not take this view of the Labour Party. The Labour Party is very large numerically, though its membership is to a great extent quiescent and apathetic, consisting of men and women who have joined the trade unions because their work-mates are trade unionists and to share the friendly benefits.

But we recognise that the great size of the Labour Party is also due to the fact that it is the creation of a school of thought beyond which the majority of the British working class has not yet emerged, though great changes are at work in the mind of the people which will presently alter this state of affairs.

Social patriotic working class parties of bourgeois outlook, like the British Labour Party, exist, or have existed, in every country; the Noske-Scheidemann Social Democratic Party in Germany, the French Socialist Party, and the Socialist Party of America are typical examples. (...)

The social patriotic parties of reform, like the British Labour Party, are everywhere aiding the capitalists to maintain the capitalist system; to prevent it from breaking down under the shock which the Great War has caused it, and the growing influence of the Russian Revolution. The bourgeois social patriotic parties, whether they call themselves Labour or Socialist, are everywhere working against the Communist revolution, and they are more dangerous to it than the aggressive capitalists because the reforms they seek to introduce may keep the capitalist regime going for some time to come. When the social patriotic reformists come into power, they fight to stave off the workers' revolution with as strong a determination as that displayed by the capitalists, and more effectively, because they understand the methods and tactics and something of the idealism of the working class.

The British Labour Party, like the social patriotic organisations of other countries, will, in the natural development of society, inevitably come into power. It is for the Communists to build up the forces that will overthrow the social patriots, and in this country we must not delay or falter in that work. We must not dissipate our energy in adding to the strength of the Labour Party; its rise to power Is inevitable. We must concentrate on making a Communist movement that will vanquish it. The Labour Party will soon be forming a Government; the revolutionary opposition must make ready to attack it.

The BSP sees the division of parties into Communist and social patriotic factions which is taking place throughout Europe, but it still wishes to cling to the Labour Party. Why? Does it hope to capture the Labour Party and secure in it a majority to support the Third International? Such a majority has been secured in the Italian Socialist Party, which seems, on a superficial view, to be one Socialist party in Europe which need not split. But the Italian Party will also split. The Third Internationalists captured a great majority of the Bologna Conference, but the majority of the Parliamentary Party is opposed to the majority of the Socialist Party itself, and will undoubtedly secede, taking with it a certain faction.

The Labour Party fortified against progress
But the British Labour Party is a much more difficult body to capture than the Italian Party. It is said that the Labour Party is not, strictly speaking, a political party at all, because it is mainly composed of affiliated trade unions; but that fact makes it much more difficult to effect changes in the British Labour Party than in the French, German, Italian, or any other Socialist Party. In such parties both the election of the Executive and officials, and the resolutions governing the policy of the party, are voted upon at the party conferences by delegates from the branches acting under branch instructions. Party Executives and officials are seldom changed; apathetic members, unaware of the changing situation, vote to keep people and things as they are and reactionary officials, retained for old services, nullify any forward move adopted by conferences. Nevertheless new ideas may gradually surge upward, and come to the top at some time or other. But in the British Labour Party there are special brakes to prevent even the slow changes possible in the Continental Socialist parties. Officials appointed for life or for long terms of years, immovable fixtures, bar the way to progress. In many unions a proportion of the delegates to annual conferences is appointed by the national executive. The branches neither appoint delegates to Labour Party congresses, nor vote on resolutions. Divisional conferences and national Executives, national and local officials, prevent the opinion of the rank and file from making itself felt. In all Europe there is no social patriotic organisation so carefully guarded for social patriotism as the British Labour Party.

The British Labour Party is moreover less Socialist than any of the other adherents to the Second International. It was the last to join the Second International because only lately had it advanced even thus far. Its dominant figures were loath to take any step even so small a step as joining the Second International, which might appear to divide them from the capitalist Liberal and Tory parties. The man whose policy represents the centre and majority policy of the Labour Party is Arthur Henderson, the friend of Kerensky. (...)

The Communist Party must not compromise
But that is not the mission of the new Communist Party, which must enunciate the Communist programme that is yet to stand when the Soviets are erected and the proletariat dictatorship is in force. The Communist Party must keep its doctrine pure, and its independence of Reformism inviolate; its mission is to lead the way, without stopping or turning, by the direct toad to the Communist Revolution.

Labour candidates
Those who believe that a Communist Party can remain in the Labour Patty and take part in Parliamentary contests, should realise the position of the unfortunate Communists who elect to become candidates under such auspices. They must first present themselves for selection by the local Labour Parties; after which they may be vetoed by the Party Executive. Since the Labour Party is still thoroughly reformist, but few local Labour Patties are prepared to adopt candidates with any Communist leanings, if any Communists succeed in getting adopted as candidates they must run as 'Labour' candidates only; no other title is allowed; they will be held responsible for the Labour Party's reformist programme; they will be expected to have speaking for them reformist speakers; their election addresses will be subject to the approval of the local Labour Party. Should any Communists suffer all this and secure election to Parliament, having duly taken the oath of allegiance to the Crown, they will become members of the Parliamentary Labour Party and subject to its discipline, which is strict.

The Parliamentary Labour Party decides on most questions; what line the Party shall take, who shall voice its views, and how its members shall vote. The Speaker of the House of Commons is notified by the various Party representatives which of the Party members are to speak in the debates. The Speaker arranges with the Party representatives the order in which the speakers shall be called upon. Until all the persons thus arranged for have been called on the Speaker will allow no other Member to catch his eye. Only if the debate has virtually broken down will the unchosen Communist get an opportunity to speak! And if he does, the other Members of Parliament can silence him by leaving the Chamber, for the debate can only continue whilst 40 Members remain.

Inkpin says that he advocates affiliation to the Labour Party, because he experienced the stultification that resulted when the BSP stood outside the Labour Party. But is Inkpin quite sure that this was the real cause of the stultification? Was it not, perhaps, that the BSP policy and programme were not far enough removed from those of the Labour Party, to create any strong current of feeling in the opposite direction? We ask this, reflecting that many of the men who then led the BSP, and most notably, H. M. Hyndman, are today Social Patriots of a most extreme order, their Reformists being too weak, and their bourgeois Imperialism too strong, even for the Labour Party!

But again, comrade Inkpin, does it not occur to you that the times are changing? Do you not see that the Revolutionary Communism that today is stirring the blood of the workers' advance-guard in every country, and has won through to power in Russia, seemed, in the days when the BSP stood outside the Labour Party, too impossibly remote to gain adherents, except amongst the dauntless daring few, the very dauntless, very daring few?

The War and the Russian Revolution have helped to bring Communism nearer. The increasing consciousness of the Workers, which was developing even before those world- shaking events, is preparing the way for the Communist Party which will one day assume control. But even today, the convinced Communists, those who will work actively to build the Communist Party, and to bring the Communist Revolution, are, in Britain, very few in number.

A sound Party more important than a big one
Do not worry about a big Communist Party yet; it is far better to build a sound one. Do not argue, comrade Inkpin, that the BSP membership is larger than that of some other parties. Do not let us pretend to be big, comrade Inkpin; we are all very small in size; and if some are smaller still, it really does not matter. The great point is, just now, that we should be advancing the propaganda of Communism. When the workers are ready to accept Communism, we shall see a big Communist Party. Until that time comes, the Communist Parties that are really Communist Parties, will certainly be small.

In the meantime, we must persevere with Communist propaganda, and never hesitate lest we should make it too extreme. Let it be clear-cut and absolutely Communist; the more extreme our doctrine is, the more surely it will prepare the workers for Communism.

Comrade Inkpin is right in thinking that we should do propaganda in the Labour Party; yes, and in the Trade Unions Congress, and in the other affiliated bodies. Of course we do, and of course we must, but we can do it without affiliating to the Labour Party. In every industrial organisation, there are some Communists. We must see to it that their number grows, and that they all link up with the Communist Party, and push its programme and policy, they must fight for the acceptance of the programme and tactics of Communism in the Labour Party, in the trade union congress, in the trade union branches, in the workshops -- everywhere. To influence the workers who are today in the Labour Party, it is not necessary for the Communist Party to ally itself with the Labour Party; that they are susceptible to outside influence has been proved time and again -- by Lloyd George, as well as by the workers' advanceguard -- but the future is with us.

How we can influence those who are in the Labour Party
Comrade Inkpin speaks of the Labour Party as 'the main body of the working class movement.' It no longer represents the revolutionary workers. More and more they are congregating outside its ranks! Gallacher's letter shows us the position in Scotland, and the same tendency is at work in England and Wales.

In Italy, which is several stages ahead of us in revolutionary progress (as our Correspondent, in his article, 'Soviets in Italy' shows), the Socialist majority has already recognised that the revolutionary movement must be based on the workshop, and they are preparing the Soviet organisation on that basis; there are differences of detail within the Italian Party, but it is generally recognised that the working class must be reached by a direct appeal within the workshops. An enormous work lies before us there. Until we have done the propaganda necessary amongst the rank and file workers, we shall neither influence, nor expel the officials at the head of the Labour Party and the trade unions.

I shall return to the subject of the new Communist Party next week.

Published in Workers' Dreadnought, 21 February 1920. Taken from the Antagonism website.

Comments

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Including: repression of the American Communist Party, Sylvia Pankhurst on Bernard Shaw's "Heartbreak House", Third International discusses parliamentary activity, the two Internationals, report from Russia by deported socialist from Britain, Independent Labour Party moves to the right, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on March 7, 2025

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Including: economic equality, communism in Yugoslavia, international & parliamentary news, ILP and the International, towards the communist party, South Wales notes, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on August 1, 2025

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue, but reproduce it for reference.

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Issues from the seventh volume of the Workers' Dreadnought.

Submitted by adri on May 30, 2025

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Including: Harry Pollitt on trade union bureaucracy and the formation of the British Communist Party, White Terror in Hungary, the Soviets of the street by Sylvia Pankhurst, international news, Christmas in Petrograd, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on August 4, 2025

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

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Including: The ILP at the crossroads by Sylvia Pankhurst, anti-direct action leaflets circulate in London, One Communist Party by Herman Gorter, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on August 5, 2025

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Comments

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Including: Memories of Rosa Luxemberg and Leo Yogiches, the Workers Socialist Federation and anti-parliamentiarnaism, will allied workers cruch German revolution?, trade unions and revolution, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on August 6, 2025

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Comments

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Including: the basis of communism by Herman Gorter, Sylvia Pankhurst on co-operative societies and revolution, trade unions and revolution continued, international news, Rosa Luxemberg and Leo Yogiches remembered continued, the two Internationals, the class struggle in Britain, etc. Supplement: East London in war time, five years in the South Wales coalfields, Glasgow rent strike.

Submitted by Fozzie on August 7, 2025

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

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Including: Herman Gorter's The Basis of Communism continued, memories of Rosa Luxemberg and Leo Yogiches continued, Claude McKay on black troops in Germany, Ireland and the government, etc. Supplement: the class struggle in Britain - a record of the last six years.

Submitted by Fozzie on August 8, 2025

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Comments

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Including: a worker's view on the counter revolution in Germany, memories of Rosa Luxemberg and Leo Yogiches continued, notes from Scotland and South Wales, Sylvia Pankhurst on events in Russia, conscientious objectors and armed revolution, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on August 11, 2025

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

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Including: Ireland: The achilles heel of England by Herman Gorter, May Labour Day in London, South Wales notes, a letter from Lenin, etc.

Author
Submitted by Fozzie on August 12, 2025

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

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Including: Gorter's basis of communism continued, a letter from Lenin continued, London dock strike, communist unity by Inkpin, parliamentary and south Wales notes, the birth of the revolutionary movement in America, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on August 13, 2025

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Comments

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Including: Bela Kun on white terror in Hungary, the basis of communism by Herman Gorter continued, how the Italians strike, Sylvia Pankhurst on the dockers strike, Dreadnought raided by cops again, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on August 14, 2025

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Comments

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Including: Irish workers seize control of butter production, Sylvia Pankhurst on the imprisonment of Dreadnought manager Harold Burgess, Bela Kun on white terror in Hungary continued, Gorter's the basis of communism continued, news from Moscow, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on August 14, 2025

NB: Incorrect issue number (9) but correct date on front cover.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Comments

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Including: pro-Soviet Russia propaganda, industrial unionism and the general strike by Mord Wilgus, white terror in Hungary by Bela Kun continued, the textile industry in Russia by V.P. Nogin, the Mexican revolution by Linn Gale, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on August 18, 2025

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

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Including: British Communist Party resolutions/programme, elections in Germany, Sylvia Pankhurst on war with Turkey, British delegation to Russia, Lenin on economics in the transition, white terror in Estonia, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue, but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on March 10, 2025

NB the LSE Digital Library Women's Rights Collection is missing issues from March-June 1920, so they are also missing from Libcom. If you can help fill this gap, let us know.

Comments

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Including: Lenin's '"Left" Communism in England', open letter to delegates of the Unity Convention, Sylvia Pankhurst on the British government and Russia, the TUC and direct action, MP advocates boycott of Parliament, the rustic revolt by Charles Warwick, etc

Submitted by Fozzie on April 2, 2025

This isssue is notable for its publication of part of Lenin's "Left-Wing" Communism: An Infantile Disorder. It is worth noting that subsequent issues of the Dreadnought also included Herman Gorter's rebuttal: Open letter to comrade Lenin.

Comments

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Including: interview with Welsh miner Tom Watkins, elections and the dictatorship of the proletariat by Lenin, Russia and the allies, England and white terror in Hungary, South Wales notes, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on March 11, 2025

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Including: Mining, Lukacz on the terror, Gorki on Tolstoy, Sylvia Pankhurst on co-operative housekeeping, Lenin on elections and the dictatorship of the proletariat pt 3, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on March 12, 2025

Pankhurst responds to Lenin cover

Some notes from Pankhurst on Lenin's pamphlet "Left-Wing" Communism: An Infantile Disorder, which appeared in the Vol. 7 No. 22 (21 August 1920) issue of the Workers' Dreadnought. Lenin's pamphlet had appeared earlier in Russian in June 1920 before being published in English in July of the same year. Lenin had criticized Pankhurst in Chapter 9 ("'Left-Wing' Communism in Great Britain") of his pamphlet for refusing to participate in parliament or associate with the Labour Party.

Submitted by adri on November 22, 2024

Infantile Sickness of the "Left."

Nicholai Lenin has certainly added to the gaiety of Communism by his treatise under this head. Whatever his brilliance of leadership of the Russian movement, his knowledge and judgement of British Communism is badly deficient.

To argue a tactics for revolutionaries over here from Russian tactics in the Russian Duma is unsound. The Russian Duma itself was, but a few short years before, won from Czardom through revolutionary effort. The experience Russians had had of a "Constituent Assembly" was therefore very limited and incomplete. Here every worker has had a bellyful of our hoary old institution of Parliament. His father had a bellyful before him. And his grandfather away before him. British workers are far from being the political babes Comrade Lenin seems to imagine.

A clear-cut call of "Down with Parliament, all Power to the Soviets," may well be made in six months time, if we get to work, and not after Henderson and Thomas,1 with their palliative dope, have endeavoured to queer the pitch. The fact that the Capitalists want the workers everywhere to participate in Parliament, want them to send Henderson, Thomas, and the group of fakirs, lawyers, Liberals, and other political sycophants who constitute the Labour Party, to power, is a good enough argument for us not to want them to do anything so suicidal to revolutionary triumph.

I sincerely trust that the "great influence" that some leaders wielded in the past, will be wielded by no future individual in the movement. British Revolutionary Communism, if I interpret its spirit aright, stands, probably more than the Communism of any other country, for strict discipline and subordination of ego to the movement, accurate infection by delegates of the letter and spirit of their instructions. Brilliant individual efforts from the star turns of the team are not wanted. Solid combination and sound team work are what the rank and file stand for. The sooner the whole movement is built up from bottom to top on sound Soviet principles, with recall of all delegates and persons entrusted with executive posts by the body delegating such powers to them, with strict Party control of all such delegates, the healthier for the movement.

Taken from the Workers' Dreadnought, Vol. 7 No. 22, 21 August 1920.

  • 1Arthur Henderson and James Henry Thomas were Labour Party figures.—adri

Comments

westartfromhere

1 year 4 months ago

Submitted by westartfromhere on December 1, 2024

With hindsight, it is easy to see the policy advocated by Lenin merely as Russian foreign policy, as a means of shoring up the restructured capitalist (Bolshevik) state.

Against the "Left", for revolutionary communism!

WD - Vol 7 No 33 - 6 November 1920 cover.jpg

The 6 November 1920 issue of the Workers' Dreadnought (Vol. 7 No. 33).

Submitted by adri on August 6, 2025

Comments

adri

8 months 2 weeks ago

Submitted by adri on August 6, 2025

Disregard the "No. 32" on the title page; it shows the correct number (33) on page 4.

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Including: Sylvia Pankhurst and two comrades sentenced to six months, Upton Sinclair and mining, peace and trade with Russia?, communists in Ireland Labour Party, "the Bolsheviks and their doings", etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue, but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on March 13, 2025

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Including: patriotism and Ireland, unemployment and increased production, communist parties and parliamentarianism, Bukharin on Russia and the world revolution, against labour bureaucracy, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on March 14, 2025

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Including: Clara Zetkin on the deaths of Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, establishing communist schools, Russia, democratising The Dreadnought, Robert Minor, a tribute to Sylvia Pankhurst and verbatim account of her court appeal, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on March 20, 2025

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Including: Lenin on reactionary trade unions, unemployment, Dreadnought no longer the organ of the Communist Party, Russian Communist Party resolution on reconstruction, Sylvia Pankhurst in Holloway Prison, international news, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue, but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on March 21, 2025

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Including: sedition and prisoners, The Red Army, Socialism in Danger by Domela Nieuwenhuis, Lenin on communists in unions pt 2, Russian Communist Party on economic reconstruction pt 2, international and industrial news, manifesto of the German anti-parliamentarians, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on March 24, 2025

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Including: Unemployment and housing, Socialism in Danger by Domela Nieuwenhuis continued, Sylvia Pankhurst in prison, Lenin on unions continued, industrial and international news, report on Leeds Unity Convention, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on March 25, 2025

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Including: why I am a communist by Leigh Rothwell, economic reconstruction in Russia continued, socialism in danger continued, communist prisoners including Sylvia Pankhurst, the International of Youth, Ogmore Valley notes, socialism vs Fabianism, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on March 26, 2025

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Including: death of Peter Kropotkin, socialism in danger continued, labour leaders bolster capitalism, industrial and international news, young communists corner, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on March 27, 2025

Comments

westartfromhere

1 year ago

Submitted by westartfromhere on March 27, 2025

Premature obituaries is a pattern that repeats itself in the case of eminent figures of the working class movement. Peter Kropotkin, Karl Marx, Marcus Mosiah Garvey... All were put in their graves prematurely.

DN7-49.png

Including: social purity and women, communists split from socialists the world over, production in Russia, esperanto, boycott Spanish goods, To The Fools of England, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on March 28, 2025

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Including: TUC and Labour party conference on unemployment, struggles over wages, socialism in danger continued, communists and the unemployed, resisting "The Norfolk Idea" (attempt to end the closed shop in Virginia), industrial and international news, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on March 31, 2025

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Including: the economics of food and drink, communism for children, socialism in danger continued, tactics for the unemployed, Herman Gorter's open letter to comrade Lenin part one, why the cost of living is high, etc.

Author
Submitted by Fozzie on April 3, 2025

This is issue is notable for publishing the first section of Herman Gorter's Open Letter to Comrade Lenin - a response to his "Left Wing" Communism, an infantile disorder. The complete version of Gorter's text with introductions by Wildcat and Antagonism is available here.

Workers' Dreadnought would continue to publish Gorter's text in 11 instalments until 11 June 1921.

Comments

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Complete online archive of issues from the eighth volume of the Workers' Dreadnought.

Submitted by adri on May 30, 2025

Comments

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Including: a message from Moscow workers to Sylvia Pankhurst, unemployment, what are economics?, seven years of the Dreadnought, wages and class struggle, open letter to comrade Lenin by Herman Gorter (response to left-wing communism an infantile disorder), significance of the Paris Commune, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Author
Submitted by Fozzie on April 1, 2025

Comments

Fozzie

1 year ago

Submitted by Fozzie on April 1, 2025

Worth noting from Wildcat:

The original Russian text of Lenin's pamphlet was dated April- May 1920, and during the next few months it was published in various other languages. The chapter on '"Left-Wing" Communism in England', for example, appeared in the Workers Dreadnought, published in London, at the end of July 1920*. The Dreadnought, a weekly newspaper edited by Sylvia Pankhurst, was one of the principal mouthpieces of the "Left" or "Anti-Parliamentary" Communists in Britain, and was thus one of the main targets of Lenin's attack. Gorter wrote his reply to Lenin during July or August 1920, and two extracts from the opening sections of the resulting Open Letter to Comrade Lenin appeared in the Dreadnought in September and October*. It was not until the following year, however, that the Dreadnought published the whole of Gorter's reply, in eleven installments between 12 March and 11 June 1921.

*Unfortunately the 1920s issues referred to are not available on Libcom (or anywhere online as far as I can tell).

The first of the 11 instalments is in this issue of The Dreadnought. The full text (with the complete introduction by Wildcat) is here:

https://libcom.org/article/open-letter-comrade-lenin-herman-gorter

Fozzie

1 year ago

Submitted by Fozzie on April 1, 2025

So, would this be the first appearance in the English language / Britain of Gorter's complete text?

adri

1 year ago

Submitted by adri on April 2, 2025

Fozzie wrote:

Wildcat wrote: The original Russian text of Lenin's pamphlet was dated April-May 1920, and during the next few months it was published in various other languages. The chapter on '"Left-Wing" Communism in England', for example, appeared in the Workers Dreadnought, published in London, at the end of July 1920*.

*Unfortunately the 1920s issues referred to are not available on Libcom (or anywhere online as far as I can tell).

I'm also interested to know whether the Dreadnought reprinted the section of Lenin's pamphlet dealing with England and Pankhurst... It would have been slightly strange when Pankhurst harshly criticized the pamphlet later on in August 1920 (see here). Then again, the Dreadnought also sort of contributed to the Lenin cult around the same time by advertising portraits of him, so it wouldn't surprise me if Pankhurst still published Lenin's pamphlet out of respect for him and his role in the Russian Revolution:

Dreadnought wrote:
Lenin's Portrait.
Splendid portraits of LENIN on card, 7 3/4 inches by 11 inches. Price 1s. 6d. each; 15s. 6d. a dozen.

Fozzie wrote: Also in March 1921 - Kronstadt!

I had searched a while back for Pankhurst's thoughts on the Kronstadt Uprising by looking at relevant issues and using keyword searches on the LSE site, but I never really found anything unfortunately. If I recall, there were actually some pretty dismissive writings on the whole ordeal that appeared in the Dreadnought. Among other factors, Pankhurst had yet to really break with Lenin and the Bolsheviks/Russian Communist Party when the Uprising occurred (she would only be expelled from the CPGB later in September of that year), so there wasn't really any condemnatory articles in the Dreadnought directed at the Soviet government.

adri

1 year ago

Submitted by adri on April 2, 2025

adri wrote: If I recall, there were actually some pretty dismissive writings on the whole ordeal that appeared in the Dreadnought. Among other factors, Pankhurst had yet to really break with Lenin and the Bolsheviks/Russian Communist Party when the Uprising occurred (she would only be expelled from the CPGB later in September of that year), so there wasn't really any condemnatory articles in the Dreadnought directed at the Soviet government.

Like this stuff from the 16 April 1921 issue of the Dreadnought (though it's worth pointing out that Jack O'Sullivan was the acting editor at the time, seeing as how Pankhurst was in prison)...

Dreadnought wrote:
Trial of the Kronstadt Mutineers.
The trial of the conspirators who did not succeed in escaping has begun before the Kronstadt Jury of the Revolutionary Tribunal of the district of Petrograd. Proceedings are taking place only against those actual leaders who refused to surrender and who spurned the proffered amnesty of the Soviet authorities. Everything has been forgiven and forgotten for their misled supporters.

Fozzie

1 year ago

Submitted by Fozzie on April 2, 2025

Thanks adri - I was wondering what the coverage would be like. Tumultuous times certainly....

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Including: women in the class struggle, a letter from Alexandra Kollontai to Dora Montefiore, Gorter's open letter to comrade Lenin continued, Russia as I saw it by Sylvia Pankhurst, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue, but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on April 9, 2025

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Including: Lenin speech to Congress, the crisis in the world economic system, unemployment conference in America, Sylvia Pankhurst on her visit to Russia in 1920 continued, short piece on trial of Kronstadt muntineers, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on April 10, 2025

Sylvia Pankhurst's report to Workers' Dreadnaught, on her attendance at the Second Congress of the Communist International, in Moscow, 1920.

Submitted by Spassmaschine on June 25, 2009

Almost immediately after my arrival at the Djelavoi Dvor, a message came: 'Lenin has sent for you to come at once to the Kremlin.'

The Commandant wrote out a little pink probusk. The motor car took me over the cobbles to the walls of the Kremlin. The Red Guards, five or six of them, checked the car to examine my probusk, and three times afterwards I was obliged to display it before I reached my destination. Once, later on, when I walked to the Kremlin to keep an appointment with Lenin, I was stopped for twenty minutes at the gate, because I had only the pass issued by the Conference, which was by that time out of date. Unable to understand the reason why I was being held up, I ran past the guards with their rifles and fixed bayonets, through the open archway to the telephone on the other side. 'You might have been shot,' a comrade told me later. 'What would be the use of shooting me; I could not do any harm?' 'It was a woman who shot Lenin!'

Passing the Czar's big bell, which lay on the ground with a piece chipped out of it, the road led to the private apartments of the Czar and the Throne Room where the Congress was held. Looking at the great entrance, one sees a mighty staircase. Today it was all hung with long red flags blazoned with the sickle and corn-sheaf, and at the end, a painting of 'Labour,' huge and naked, breaking the chains that bind the earth, hideous and ill- proportioned, but having a certain effective vigour. The walls of the corridors and ante-chambers were lined with photographs, posters and literature. The Russian Communists are indeed great propagandists!

Lenin
In the innermost of the private apartments of the Czar's, Lenin, with smiling face, came quickly forward from a group of men waiting to get a word with him.

He seems more vividly vital and energetic, more wholly alive than other people.

At first sight one feels as though one has always known him, and one is amazed and delighted by a sense of pleasant familiarity in watching him. It is not that one has seen so many of his photographs, for the photographs are not like him; they represent an altogether heavier, darker and more ponderous man, instead of this magnetic and mobile being.

Rather short, rather broadly built, he is quick and nimble in every action, just as he is in thought and speech. He does not wear a picturesque Russian blouse, but ordinary European clothes that sit loosely upon him. His brown hair is closely shaved, his beard lightish brown, his lips are red, and his rather bright complexion looks sandy, because it is tanned and freckled by the hot sun. The skin of the face and head seem drawn rather tightly. There seems to be no waste material to spare. Every inch of his face is expressive. He is essentially Russian with a Tartar strain. His bearing is frank and modest. He appears wholly unconscious of himself, and he met us all as a simple comrade. His brown eyes often twinkle with kindly amusement, but change suddenly to a cold, hard stare, as though he would pierce ones innermost thoughts. He disconcerts his interviewers by suddenly shutting one eye and fixing the other sharply, almost fiercely, upon them.

I had been sent for to take part in the Commission on English affairs, which had been set up by the Third International.

We sat at a round table in the Czar's bedroom. Lenin was on my right hand, and on my left, Wynkoop of Holland, who was translating the German speeches into English. Lenin has a complete knowledge of English: he more than once humorously pulled up Wynkoop for misinterpreting the speakers.

Bukharin, Radek, Zinoviev, Trotsky
Bukharin, Editor of the Pravda, and one of the leaders of the Left in the Russian Communist Party, regarded the excited debaters from other countries with laughing blue eyes. Young and vigorous, he had the expression of one to whom life is full of enjoyment. In brown holland blouse and sleeves rolled up to the elbows, he looked like a painter who has just laid down his brushes. During Committee meetings he is continually drawing caricatures of the delegates, but no important point in the discussion escapes him. Today he drew Wynkoop as a solemn, pompous owl.

Radek, who was going to the Polish front in a few days, was also smiling and cheerful, with a detached, dreamy air. One is constantly impressed by the absence of strain or excitement amongst the Russians. These men, standing against a world of enemies, appear to face the situation with perfect calm and much humour.

Zinoviev is of another type: the controversy seemed to bore him. He was a little impatient with the opposition, and criticised, with a tinge of contempt which he doubtless regarded as salutary for the Communist Parties which had not yet learnt how to appeal successfully to the masses. One of the American delegates said of Zinoviev that he always talks to one as though he were taking a bath.

During an interview he seems generally bent on hurrying away to another appointment. An indefatigable pamphleteer, he was probably, even then, composing another Thesis; but he was ready to enter vigorously into the discussion and to speak at considerable length when his turn came.

His voice is not musical, but he is evidently a very popular orator.

At the great meeting in Moscow's biggest theatre, which was the final demonstration of the Congress, Zinoviev and Trotsky were the principal speakers. Trotsky received by far the greater reception. Coming from the Polish front, with the fall of Warsaw to the Red Army daily anticipated, he was naturally the hero of the occasion. He spoke without effort, without any shouting, breathless excitement, but with perfect control and ease. Outwardly well-groomed, he had evidently an excellent mental equipment. He proceeded slowly and leisurely up and down the platform, with an ever varied flow of tone and gesture. The still audience listened eagerly, but he spoke so long that at length he tired them, in spite of their great interest and admiration.

Zinoviev, on the other hand, held the people to the last and finished amid a brisk round of cheers.

At the Commission on private affairs in the Czar's bed- room, Zinoviev sat a little apart from the table. He leaned back comfortably on a soft lounge. Beside him was Levi, of the German KPD. The French; the Austrians and others were also represented on the Commission. The Italians, characteristically, were unrepresented because they could not agree on which of their number should represent them. They were nevertheless present in force and took part in the discussion, Bordiga even presenting a Thesis for discussion against Parliamentary action.

Obviously Lenin enjoys an argument, even though the subject may not seem to him of first class importance, and though the adversaries may be unskilled. At present he was in a bantering mood, and dealt playfully with the British delegates. The majority of them were objectors to certain passages in a Thesis now under discussion, written by Lenin himself, on the tasks of the Communist Party.

Lenin and the British Labour Party
The passages in dispute dealt with the British Communist Parties and declared that they should affiliate to the British Labour Party and make use of Parliamentary action. Lenin evidently does not regard either of these questions as fundamental. Indeed, he considers that they are not questions of principle at all, but of tactics, which may be employed advantageously in some phases of the changing situation and discarded with advantage in others. Neither question, in his opinion, is important enough to cause a split in the Communist ranks. I am even inclined to suspect that he has not been uninfluenced by the belief that the course he has chosen is that which will appeal to the majority of Communists, and will therefore cement the largest number of them in united action. As to the question of affiliation to the Labour Party (a question that may presently arise in similar form for decision by the Communist Parties of Canada and the United States), Lenin says:

'Millions of backward members are enrolled in the Labour Party, therefore Communists should be present to do propaganda amongst them, provided Communist freedom of action and propaganda is not thereby limited.' When, afterwards, in the Kremlin, I argued with Lenin privately that the disadvantages of affiliation outweighed those of disaffiliation, he dismissed the subject as unimportant, saying that the Labour Party would probably refuse to accept the Communist Party's affiliation, and that, in any case, the decision could be altered next year.

Lenin and Parliamentarism
So too with Parliamentarism; he dismissed it as unimportant, saying that if the decision to employ Parliamentary action is a mistake, it can be altered at next year's Congress.

When, however, it is argued that Communists should not go into reformist Labour Parties or bourgeois Parliaments because they may be affected by the environment and lose the purity of their Communist faith and fervour, Lenin replies that after the proletarian conquest of power, the temptation to weaken in principle will be much greater. He argues that those who cannot withstand all tests before the Revolution, will certainly not do so later.

He is for attacking every such difficulty, not for avoiding it: he is for dragging Communist controversy out into the market-place, not closeting it amongst selected circles of enthusiasts.

He does not fear that Communism will be postponed or submerged by the advent to power of reformists. Convinced that reforms cannot cure or substantially palliate the capitalist system, he is impatient for the rise to power of the Reformists in order that their importance may be demonstrated. When I talked with him in the Kremlin, he urged that British Communists should say to the leaders of the Labour Party:

'Please Mr. Henderson, take the power. You, to-day, represent the opinions of the majority of British workers; we know that, as yet we do not; therefore we cannot at present take the power. But you, who represent the opinions of the masses, you should take the power.'

In those days, news had come that Councils of Action had been set up to stop Britain declaring war on Soviet Russia in support of Poland.

Lenin declared that we should inform Henderson that he must no longer scruple to seize power by Revolution, since he and his Party had already committed themselves to that by setting up a Council of Action charged with the work of bringing about a general strike in the event of further war measures by Britain against Russia. Such a strike, as Henderson, Clynes and their colleagues had frequently themselves declared, would be a revolutionary act. The Labour Party was now committed to it.

Lenin said that the creation of the Councils of Action were due to a wave of revolutionary sentiment in the British masses, which had forced their Labour leaders to take some sort of action. That the declarations of the Council of Action failed to satisfy Communists, and that the Council was inactive, merely meant that the wave of mass feeling had not yet gone very far and had largely subsided.

The feeling of the masses rises and falls, he argued, in irregular tides; it does not remain at high-water mark.

'We in Russia,' he said, 'seized the power at the moment the masses had risen. When they receded from us, we were obliged to hold on till the next wave of feeling brought them back to us.'

Lenin argued, that in order to explode the futility of reformism and to bring Communism to pass, the Labour Party must have a trial in office. Therefore British Communists should affiliate their Party to the Labour Party and come to arrangements with it for the formation of a joint Parliamentary block and the mutual sharing out of constituencies. In addition to the Thesis under debate, Lenin had prepared and had translated ready for the Conference, a book called The Infantile Sickness of 'Leftism' in Communism This book was intended to confound and convert those of us who disagree with its author, and who assert that the Labour Party will in any case come to power, and the British Communist Party cannot dissociate itself too early and too clearly from the Labour Party's reformist policy, and must by no means enter into alliances or arrangements with it. We also assert that Communists can best wean the masses from faith in bourgeois Parliamentarism by refusal to participate in it.

Lenin and Trade Unionism
The passages in Lenin's Thesis on Trade and Industrial Unionism, and Zinoviev's Thesis on Unionism were also the subject of hot debate.

Lenin and the other Russians of his school, regard the Unions primarily as agglomerations of workers providing opportunities for Communists to win the masses for Communism. The dissentients, who belong to the highly industrialised Western bourgeois democracies, are unable to detach themselves from the view that an industrial organisation is an organisation for fighting the capitalist employer. Moreover, they are most of them influenced by the view that, if the industrial organisations the workers are developing for themselves under Capitalism do not actually become the organisations which will administer industry under Communism, they are at least a training ground for preparing the workers in the shops to administer Communist industries on Soviet lines. (...)

Whatever the merits of the rival contentions might be, the Theses of Lenin and Zinoviev, and indeed all the Theses and resolutions coming from the Russian Communist leaders, because of their great achievements, were certain to be adopted at this first anniversary of the founding of the Third International.

The Russians, although the sixty delegates of their Party had between them but five votes, like the British, could steam-roller anything they chose through the Congress.

We, who were in opposition on certain matters, nevertheless argued our case in spite of the hopelessness of the task, and Lenin argued against us, as though our defeat had not been a foregone conclusion.

The Congress meeting in the Czar's Throne Room the following evening, allowed me to extend to twenty-five minutes, the allotted five minutes in which I had to accomplish the stupendous task of replying to a Thesis and book of Lenin and innumerable speeches.

The Congress had lasted a month. As the speeches were delivered in various languages and translated, delegates streamed restlessly in and out to an adjoining room, where tables were loaded with slices of bread and butter and sardines, caviar, preserved meats and cheese, and saucers filled with sweets wrapped in coloured papers. Glasses of hot tea were always on hand there. Angelica Balabanova often had to complain that very few auditors were present to hear her translation. Giving but a cursory sketch of rambling speeches, empty of real matter, Balabanova always rendered well and fully the words of those who had anything to say, though she was ill and very tired.

Artists sat amongst the delegates, making drawings of them or roamed about looking for models. Balabanova protested, as she always does against such portraiture.

On the defeat of the English amendments and the unanimous adoption of Lenin's Thesis, with which, in the main, I am in complete agreement, the Congress ended. The delegates sprang up singing 'The International', the Editor of the Italian Socialist paper Avanti! led the singing of the 'Carmanol.' John Reed and others caught Lenin, and though he resisted, hoisted him upon their shoulders. He looked like a happy father amongst his sons.

Published in Workers' Dreadnought, 16 April 1921. Taken from the Antagonism website.

Comments

DN8-6.png

Including: mining, messages to Sylvia Pankhurst in prison, Herman Gorter's open letter to comrade Lenin continued, Soviet Russia as Sylvia Pankhurst saw it in 1920, international and industrial news, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on April 11, 2025

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Including: Keir Hardie on trade unionism, the real essence of communism by Henriette Holst, intrenational solidarity and the proletarian women of today by Alexandra Kollontai, Gorter's open letter to comrade Lenin continued, Sylvia Pankhurst's account of Russian in 1920 continued, news from Russia, programme for London Mayday rally, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference,

Submitted by Fozzie on April 14, 2025

dn8-9.png

Including: Red Trade Union conference in London, Bolshevism and the "pure" Marxists by Peter Marsden, Sylvia Pankhurst's 1920 visit to Russia continued, Russia's trade agreement, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on April 16, 2025

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Including: Build up to the third world congress of the Communist International, the duty of the trade unionists to the unemployed by K Stuttgart, Gorter's open letter to comrade Lenin continued, Sylvia Pankhurst's 1920 visit to Russia continued, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on April 17, 2025

dn8-11.png

Including: Sylvia Pankhurst to be released from prison, Lenin on political education in Russia, Gorter's open letter to comrade Lenin continued, Sylvia Pankhurst's 1920 visit to Russia continued, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on April 18, 2025

dn8-12.png

Including: Sylvia Pankhurt's account of her time in Holloway prison, mining dispute, Gorter's open letter to comrade Lenin continued, wireless telegraphy in Russia, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on April 22, 2025

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Including: Sylvia Pankhurst on prison life part 2, Alexandra Kollontai on a womens' conference in Moscow, Gorter's open letter to comrade Lenin continued, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on April 23, 2025

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Including: Sylvia Pankhurst's impressions of London after being in prison, Fred Tyler on revoltion, British fascists, critique of Labour Party in Poplar East London, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on April 24, 2025

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Including: Labour Party to cut wages, British communist Inkpin sentenced to hard labour, "The Price of an Empire" - fiction by Clara Gilbert Cole, news from Russia, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue, but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on April 28, 2025

dn8-17.png

Including: Sylvia Pankhurst on George Bernard Shaw, 200 workers massacred in South Africa, industry and communism, dialogue on the ethics of investments, the economic extremity of capitalism, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue, but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on April 29, 2025

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Including: trial of French hawker who insulted police, lessons of the miners' strike, unemployment in East London, pro-Soviet propaganda about prisons, Sylvia Pankhurst debates Howard League on British prisons, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue, but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on April 30, 2025

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Including: Crainquibille - a proletarian story, news from South Wales and Soviet Russia, John Brown on wage reduction, Lenin's address to the Comintern, Clara Gilbert Cole on dancer Isadora Duncan, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue, but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on May 1, 2025

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Including: the Russian movement before 1905, the grief and glory of Russia, prospects for war in europe, the debasement of love, parliament and Russia, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on May 7, 2025

[AI summary] The "Workers' Dreadnought" from August 6, 1921, features several key articles:

  • By Right and Reason - Not by Force:
    Discusses the ideal of achieving change through reason rather than force.
    Critiques the capitalist system's reliance on force to maintain control.
    Highlights the need for a massive movement to overthrow capitalism.
    Details George Lansbury and the Daily Herald group's support for the Russian Revolution and the formation of Workers' and Soldiers' Councils in England.

  • The Grief and Glory of Russia:
    Explores the impact of the Russian Revolution on global socialism.
    Emphasizes the revolution's significance for workers worldwide.

  • Manifesto to District Conferences:
    Calls for organized action among workers and soldiers.
    Advocates solidarity with Russian democracy and the establishment of councils.

  • Unemployment and Workers' Rights:
    Criticizes the government's inadequate response to unemployment.
    Urges systemic change to end joblessness.

  • The Clouds of a European War Once Again: Warns of the potential for another European conflict.
  • The Debasement of Love: Examines how love is misunderstood and misrepresented in society.

The document also includes correspondence, opinions, critiques of political figures, and advertisements related to the socialist movement.

Comments

dn8-22.png

Including: Communist Party vs Labour in Caerphilly election, Dutch imperialism in East Indies, Japan, Russia, esperanto congress, working woman and the class struggle, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on May 8, 2025

[AI summary of contents]:

Caerphilly Election: Communist Party vs. Labour Party: The document discusses the three-cornered contest in Caerphilly, highlighting the rivalry between the Communist Party and the Labour Party. It critiques the Daily Herald's opposition to the Communist candidate and debates the implications of the Labour Party's refusal to affiliate with the Communist Party.
Russia's Struggle with Famine:

Red Cross Efforts: The Soviet government authorized the Red Cross to aid famine relief, detailing their responsibilities and cooperation with the Russian Relief Committee.

Japan's Position in the Social Revolution: A report by Sen Katayama on Japan's role in the upcoming world social revolution, emphasizing the country's proletariat and its struggles.

Sylvia Pankhurst's Views: Sylvia Pankhurst discusses the Labour Party's inability to emancipate workers and advocates for Communism and Soviets as the true path to emancipation.
Literary Competition:

Essays on Communism: The document includes critiques of essays submitted for a competition on the meaning of Communism and affiliation to the Third International, highlighting the need for clarity and simplicity in explaining these concepts.

Comments

dn8-23.png

Including: Sunderland unemployed activist acquitted after police fit-up, Dutch East Indies continued, Japan continued, awakening of the agricultural worker, guidance on getting rid of ineffective union leaders, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on May 9, 2025

dn8-24.png

Including: Sheffield unemployed activists on trial, Russia news, the fight against prostitution by Alexandra Kollontai, Communist Party in Caerphilly, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on May 12, 2025

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Including: campaign for Irish independence, The Workers' Opposition by Alexandra Kollontai, housing, the trial of Malatesta, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on May 13, 2025

dn8-26.png

Including: American army uses tear gas against West Virginia striking miners, the labour movement in Japan, Poplar councillors jailed in rates rebellion, disarmament, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on May 14, 2025

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Including: Sylvia Pankhurst on the British Communisty Party's attempts to marginalise the Workers' Dreadnought, childcare in Russia, book reviews: love and society, etc.

We do not agree with all of the contents of this issue, but reproduce it for reference.

Submitted by Fozzie on May 15, 2025

Sylvia Pankhurst

Article on the necessity of free, open discussion within the CPGB, and the need for Workers' Dreadnought to remain independent of the party Executive.

Submitted by Spassmaschine on June 25, 2009

Movements, like human beings, grow and develop from stage to stage and pass through many crazes and illnesses. The Communist Party of Great Britain is at present passing through a sort of political measles called discipline which makes it fear the free expression and circulation of opinion within the Party.

Since its formation the Communist Party of Great Britain has fretted itself at the existence of the Workers' Dreadnought, an independent Communist voice, free to express its mind unhampered by Party discipline.

At the inaugural Party Conference, as I am informed by the Executive, it was even debated whether members of the Party might be permitted to read the Dreadnought since it is not controlled by the Executive of the Party. The position of the Scottish Worker, Solidarity, the Plebs, the Socialist, and the Spur were also discussed. (...) The letter issued by the Executive to branches of the Party recommended the Plebs, Solidarity, and the Worker for circulation by the Party, but stated that the question of circulating the Dreadnought must be left in abeyance. Many branches took this to mean that the Dreadnought must not be circulated, and some of the Party's organisers carried on a campaign against the Dreadnought in this sense, making it a question of loyalty to the Party not to take it. (...)

Soon after my release from half a year's imprisonment I met a subcommittee of the Communist Party Executive, which consisted of Comrades W. Paul, F. Peat, F. Willis and T. Clark. This subcommittee put it to me that 'as a disciplined member of the Party' I should hand the Workers' Dreadnought over to the Executive, to stop it, or continue it, and, should it continue the paper, to put it to any use or policy it chose, and to place it under the editorship of any person whom it might select; I was not to be consulted, or even informed, till the decision should be made. Thus, with a spice of brutality, the disciplinarians set forth their terms to one who had for eight years maintained a pioneer paper with constant struggle and in face of much persecution.

I replied that I could not agree to such a proposition, but would consider carefully, and in a comradely spirit, any proposal that the Party might make to me regarding the paper. I said that I believed in the usefulness of an independent Communist paper which would stimulate discussion in the movement on theory and practice; but just released from prison, the united Party having been formed whilst I was inside, I was anxious to look around me, and hear all points of views. I invited the sub- committee to lay before me any suggestions they had to make. The members of the sub-committee, however, failed to respond in the same spirit; they merely repeated their former demand for an absolute and blindfold renunciation of the paper. (...)

The comrades intended to enforce discipline in its most stultifying aspect. Comrade McManus, as Chairman, informed me that they would not permit any member of the Party to write or publish a book or a pamphlet without the sanction of the Executive. Those who may differ from the Executive on any point of principle, policy or tactics, or even those whose method of dealing with agreed theory is not approved or appreciated by the Executive, are therefore to be gagged.

I told the comrades that if we were before the barricades, if we were in the throes of the revolution, or even somewhere near it, I could approve a rigidity of discipline which is wholly Out of place here and now.

I told them that whereas we are face to face with an opportunist and reformist Labour Party, and since in the midst of capitalism, there is the ever-present tendency and temptation towards compromise with the existing order, it is essential for a Communist Party to be definite in excluding Right tendencies. A Communist Party can only preserve its communist character by using its discipline to prevent Right opportunism and laxity from entering the Party; it must insist that acceptance of Communist principles and avoidance of reformism be made a condition of membership; that is obvious. On the other hand, the Communist Party cannot afford to stifle discussion in the Party; above all, it must not stifle the discussion of Left Wing ideas; otherwise it will cramp and stultify itself, and will destroy its own possibility of advancement.

I stated that in my opinion every member of the Party should be allowed to write and publish his or her views, and that only in cases where these views prove to be not Communist should the question of a member's fitness to belong to the Party be brought into question.

I told the Executive, and it is my strongly held opinion, that in the weak, young, little-evolved Communist movement of this country discussion is a paramount need, and to stifle it is disastrous. Therefore when I was asked whether I would obey the discipline of the Executive I was obliged to say that it was impossible for me to give a general answer to such a question, if discipline could be strained to prevent the expression of opinion, and that I could only decide whether I should obey when a concrete case should arise.

As before, my reply to the demand to surrender the Workers' Dreadnought was, that I was willing to discuss any proposal made by the Executive, but I was still of opinion that the Dreadnought could best serve Communism as an independent organ, giving expression to Left Wing ideas, which include opposition to Parliamentarism and Labour Party affiliation, but which have many other aspects, now clearly showing themselves to be the minority view in the Third International, and which represent the most advanced and thoroughgoing Communism. t said I believed one of the most useful offices I could perform for the movement was to edit the Dreadnought. I was confirmed in this view by recent happenings in the International. The decision to exclude from the Third International the industrialist, anti-Trade Union, anti- Parliamentary and highly revolutionary Communist Labour Party of Germany, which played so important a part in the Ruhr Valley rising, is leading to a division in the Third International, and the publication of a new international organ which it is important to study. The growth of the Workers Opposition in Soviet Russia, which was dealt with in an article by Alexandra Kollontai, published in last week's Dreadnought; the growing cleavage between Right and Left in the Russian Communist Party; the tendency to slip to the Right, which is regrettably manifesting itself in Soviet Russia, (...) all show the importance of independent discussion. The drift to the Right in Soviet Russia, which has permitted the reintroduction of many features of capitalism, such as school fees, rent, and charges for light, fuel, trains, trams, and so on, is due, doubtless, to the pressure of encircling capitalism and the backwardness of the Western democracies. Nevertheless, there are strong differences of opinion amongst Russian Communists and throughout the Communist International as to how far such retrogression can be tolerated. Such questions are not discussed in the Communist; it is a Party organ under the control of the Right Wing of the British Communist Party, and of the Executive in Moscow, which is at present dominated by the Right Wing policy. It presents merely the official view.

The Workers' Dreadnought is the only paper in this country which is alive to the controversies going on in the International Communist movement; it is the only paper through which the rank and file of the movement can even guess that there are such controversies. Such controversies are a sign of healthy development, through them the movement grows onward towards higher aims and broader horizons; by studying them, by taking part in them, the membership will develop in knowledge and political capacity.

I stated my case. The executive replied that it would not tolerate the existence of any Communist organ independent of itself. I informed the Executive, as is the case, that the great financial difficulties under which the Dreadnought is labouring have made us decide reluctantly and with great regret that this issue must be the last. (...)

Comrade McManus rounded off the discussion; the Party had no alternative but to expel me, he contended.

But this farcical parody of discipline is a passing error; it will disappear as the Party is faced with more serious issues, and as its power to take effective action on things that matter develops. If my expulsion assist the Party in passing more speedily through this phase of childishness it will have served a useful purpose. (...)

Let there be no mistake; I am not expelled for any tendency to compromise with capitalism; I am expelled for desiring freedom of propaganda for the Left Wing Communists, who oppose all compromise and seek to hasten faster and more directly onward to Communism.

The great problem of the Communist Revolution is to secure economic equality, the abolition of the wages system, and the ending of class distinctions. Russia has achieved the Revolution, but not the Communist life which should be its sequel. The porter, silent and ill-clad, still awaits the tip; still there are some who go shabby on foot with broken boots, whilst others, smartly dressed, are whizzing by in motor cars. Still there are wages of many grades, still there are graduated food rations. The 'responsible worker must have an adequate supply of food, or his work will suffer', therefore if there is a shortage of food the 'responsible workers' must have a higher ration than the rest of the people; that is the argument. But how is the argument to be strained so as to explain why the wife and family of the 'responsible worker' should have higher food rations than other people, should have higher rations than their neighbours, even in those cases when the 'responsible worker' is not living at home with them? These are the old injustices, the old criminal errors of capitalism persisting under the reign of the Soviets.

How grievous (if it be true, as we greatly hope not) is the news that school fees have been introduced into Soviet Russia! What could be the reason of such a retrograde step? Is it because there are not yet enough school places for all the children, and the fees are a means of ensuring that the children of the higher paid people shall have the preference? Is it the old vicious system of penalising the child whose parents are poor?

We look to Communism as the state of society in which, whilst work shall be a duty incumbent on all, the means of life, study and pleasure shall be freed, without stint, to everyone, to use at will. If a shortage compel rationing in any direction, it should be equal. The principle of paying according to skill, speed, or the length of training required for the work, is wholly bad. If it be true that necessity compels differentiation, then it is the most regrettable of necessities.

The dictatorship of the proletariat, at which some foolish persons desire to play (within their Parties before the Revolution), is a stern necessity of the transition period when capitalism is being overthrown and is striving to re-establish itself again. Such dictatorship is antagonistic to the Communist idea: it will pass away when genuine Communism is reached.

To those who are not familiar with the details of the position, it is necessary, in conclusion, to make clear that the Workers' Dreadnought was founded by me, and from the early days of its existence remained under my personal control, in the first instance in order that any risks of prosecution attaching to it might fall on me alone.

When the WSF, of which the Workers' Dreadnought was the organ, was merged in the Communist Party, it was made clear that I should remain responsible for the Dreadnought, and the Party at its Cardiff Conference passed a resolution affirming that that was the case. When the present united Communist Party of Great Britain was formed I definitely stated that the Workers' Dreadnought would remain outside, and give an independent support to the Communist Party. There is no question either of my having subverted a party organ, or of desiring to maintain a Party organ uncontrolled by the Party.

The position is that the Dreadnought is an independent organ; and that the Executive of the Communist Party of Great Britain has decided that it will not permit me, as one of its members, to publish an independent paper.

I do not regret my expulsion; that it has occurred shows the feeble and unsatisfactory condition of the Party: its placing of small things before great: its muddled thinking.

I desire freedom to work for Communism with the best that is in me. The Party could not chain me: I, who have been amongst the first, as the record of the papers published, both in this country and abroad, will prove, to support the present Communist Revolution and to work for the Third International, shall continue my efforts as before.

Published in Workers' Dreadnaught, 17 September 1921. Taken from the Antagonism website.

Comments

Steven.

16 years 10 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Steven. on June 25, 2009

Subbing:
added author/group tag of workers dreadnought

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Including: Sylvia Pankhurst on differences between the Dreadnought and the Communist Party, Alexandra Kollontai on the "fight against prostitution" part 2, the Irish war, the unemployed and Poplar councillors, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on May 16, 2025

Explanation of the principles of the Workers' Dreadnought group, and their reasons for joining the Communist Party of Great Britain.

Submitted by Spassmaschine on June 25, 2009

What is the difference between ourselves and the Communist Party?

Our differences are partly of principle, partly of practical utility.

As to the second, we believe that we can do useful work for Communism by continuing the Workers' Dreadnought, and we do not admit the right of anyone to stop us.

Moreover, we desire to remain an independent communist voice. An independent organ is a guard against the corruptions, opportunisms and tyrannies which are apt to attend on Parties, and especially Parties formed, as the Communist Party of Great Britain has been, from groups of conflicting tendencies, brought together by outside pressure and largely composed of persons as yet untried in the political struggle. The doctrine: "My Party, right or wrong", which leads inevitably to the practice of putting party before principle, must be shunned consistently by those who desire to take part in the creation of revolutionary change. The past constantly stretches out its tentacles to draw us back to it; constantly strives to clog our minds with sophistries. A high order of mental courage and independence is necessary to maintain always the hard, steep path of the revolutionary. The comfortable, care-free official position; the members so apt to be amenable and trusting, if only they are not asked to leave their groove, or to worry their minds with new and startling thoughts: all these provide an incentive towards opportunism, against which a constant spur is needed.

The danger of opportunism, from which an independent organ can help to protect a party, is moreover inherent in those compromise tactics for which the Third International declared itself at its Second Congress in Moscow last year, and to which it still remains committed.

We contend that the present policy of the Third International is illogical and unworkable, and either the policy must be changed, or a new force must arise to achieve the workers' revolution outside Russia, and to make Russia herself a Communist country.

Briefly, the present policy of the majority in the Third International is to secure numerous adherents, by striving to combine mutually conflicting policies.

Parliamentarism.
Thus the Third International declares that Communism will not come by Act of Parliament, that Parliament is part of the machinery of Capitalism, and must be swept away; that the workers must be estranged from it and induced to set up their Soviets as the rival organism that will overthrow and supersede it; that Capitalism will be overthrown, not by a Parliamentary majority, but by actual force, by the industrial and armed power of the workers.

Having laid all this down in the most unmistakable fashion, the Third International goes on to declare that Communists, though they must not work for reforms through Parliament, must yet seek election to Parliament.

The only official reason given for this weak conclusion is that the election contest and Parliament provide effective platforms for Communist oratory, and that the speeches of Communist candidates and Members of Parliament may be widely reported in the capitalist press.

In reply to these arguments we must point out that the Parliamentary speeches of Colonel Malone went unreported after he joined the B.S.P. and the Communist Party, and that it was only when he was in the dock being tried for his speeches outside Parliament that the Press gave much space to his activities. As for the Communist candidate at Caerphilly his speeches were not even reported in the Daily Herald. But the point is of minor importance; the speeches of Lloyd George, Churchill, Asquith and the rest occupy column upon column in the capitalist newspapers: we Communists can never be given anything approaching the great and constant publicity in capitalist organs that is accorded to the idols of capitalist politics.

We must find other means of reaching the popular ear. Yet even were a candidate or Member of Parliament entitled to a verbatim report in the entire press every day, how flimsy a reason this would be for insisting that Communist Parties must, of necessity, take part in the political scramble for seats in Parliament; how miserably insufficient a reason for casting out the fighting Communist Labour Party of Germany, and many more!

But there are other reasons, reasons not given in Theses, why the Third International demands Parliamentary action from the Parties affiliated to it. Two deeply opposed policies are represented by the Communist acceptance or refusal or Parliamentary action.

Those of the sincere and intelligent Communists decide to use Parliamentary action do so because they believe they can thereby obtain sway over unawakened, unconscious masses: they are not content, patiently, to gather a body of thinking workers, but desire to take a short cut by capturing unthinking masses.

An extreme instance of such opportunism is the decision that the Communist Party should seek affiliation to the Labour Party. Our Russian comrades fail to realise that the present Labour leaders cannot always count on the response of the inert masses in their Unions unless the issue be a very simple bread and butter one of hours and wages. If the Communist Party could conceivably capture executive power in the Labour Party, it would have captured a gigantic machine that would not move.

When we, who are against the use of Parliamentary action, argue that it is contradictory and confusing to declare on the one hand that Parliament is useless and must be destroyed, and on the other hand to urge the workers to put us into Parliament, those who have chosen the way of Parliamentary action, reply that great masses of unconscious workers still have faith in Parliament. Quite so, we answer, then we must undermine that faith; but appalled by the magnitude of the task of creating a body of conscious workers strong enough to effect any changes, the Communist opportunists propose to accomplish the revolution with crowds of unconscious workers.

We, who believe that the revolution can only be accomplished by those whose minds are awakened and who are inspired by conscious purpose, have decided to shun the administrative machinery of Capitalism.

We have decided this because of the clear, unmistakable lead to the masses which this refusal gives, a lead, surer and more effective, because it is a lead given by action, not merely by words.

We have so decided also because the refusal to compete for electoral seats means the cutting off from us of those weak and self-seeking opportunists to whom seats in Parliamentary and on the local government bodies are attractive because of the position they confer upon the holder.

So much for our difference on the Parliamentary question with the Third International, as officially represented in its Theses. Our differences with the Communist Party of Great Britain go still further, for the British Party does not operate the Parliamentary policy in the destructive sense laid down by the Third International.

The British Party has no representatives in Parliament at present; but it has many representatives on local governing bodies: the policy of these representatives is not the policy of the Third International Theses. As we have already pointed out, during the coal strike, when the miners were fighting the concerted attempt of the employing class of this country to reduce the working class standard of living, the representatives of the Communist Party in Poplar were responsible for cutting down wages of bricklayer's labourers, painter's labourers, bakers, sewing machinists and others, as well as reducing the rate of Poor Law Relief to the poor and unemployed. Such examples can be multiplied by anyone who takes the trouble to inquire into the doings of the representatives of the Communist Party of Great Britain, on the local Boards and Councils, up and down the country. Where, indeed, are to be found Communist Party representatives on local bodies using they position on the bodies in a revolutionary way? Where are those Communists? Let us hear of them. Echo, answering " where?" has long given the only response to that urgent question.

We do not blame those "Communists" and Labour representatives who do not see eye to eye with us on this matter; we do not accuse them of bad faith or dishonesty. We simply say that they are not operating the policy of the Third International as set forth in its Theses. We exist to point out such facts: we shall continue to do so, and, in so doing, without malice, we shall educate the movement.

In our opinion, the use of Parliamentary action by Communists is illogical, contradictory and bound to lead to the lapses into rank Reformism that we see wherever members of the Communist Party secure election to public bodies. These Communist Party members who have been elected to public bodies, are simply trying, like the Labour Party, to secure reforms: they are taking no step to unhinge the capitalist system. Some of them may be more, some less, effective Reformists than the Labour Members, but they are doing precisely the same sort of work, whilst the Communist Party fulminates against all Reformers.

Let us look the matter squarely in the face. We are for Revolution: we have done with Reform and, leaving it altogether alone, we concentrate our efforts on bringing people to an understanding of Communism and to a determination to discard Capitalism, and replace it by Communism.

We know that the breath of Parliamentary intrigue, the breath of the Parliamentary Committee Room, the entire atmosphere of the House of Commons and the jugglery of political parties there, is antagonistic to the clean white tire of revolutionary Communist enthusiasm. Comrades who have not, like ourselves, come into close and wearisome contact with the Parlamentary machine, who have not Lobbied and sat in the Gallery, hour on hour, day on day; who have not, year by year, poured over the daily verbatim reports, and drafted and engineered Amendments to Government Bills, cannot know the devitalising pettiness, the hideous imposture of the Parliamentary machine.

We who stood closely by at the birth of the Labour Party, holding the near confidence of its creator, the honest and true man, Keir Hardie, whose spirit, was broken by its failure, its wholly inevitable failure; we say from the depths of our consciousness: never again!

Oh, young body of earnest Communists (if such, genuinely and truly you are) break with the past and its traditions, do and dare for your faith, take not that road.

The Parliamentary contest belongs to the politics of Capitalism; the politics of Communism must forge, new weapons, must find new paths. Do not cling to the skirts of the dead past. Go out without fear to seek the future.

Trade Unionism
The difference of policy between the Communists who place their faith in numbers rather than in consciousness, is evidenced in other matters than that of Parliament.

The decision of the Third International, that the British Communist Party should affiliate to the Labour Party, the decision that the Red Trade Union International shall he a hybrid body, composed of Trade Unions, of whatever sort and political, or non-political complexion, that are willing to join it, as well as of Shop Stewards and Workshop Committee organisations, and militant industrial organisations like the I.W.W.; the decision to expel the German Communist Labour Party for forming new revolutionary Unions: these things display the same hesitant fear of shutting out anyone, the same policy of roping in passive, unawakened masses, that has dictated the use of Parliamentary action.

The Russian leaders who have largely engineered the Third International into its opportunist decisions, refuse to recognise the significance of the persistent tendencies of the working class movement which manifest themselves unmistakably in the highly, industrialised Western countries. We see in these countries a triangular struggle between three forces. Firstly, the employers; secondly, the Trade Union leaders backed by unconscious masses; thirdly, the smaller body of awakened workers. The real struggle is between the employers and the awakened workers; the Trade Union officials, vacillating between the two, occasionally pulled nearer to the side of the conscious workers by the unconscious masses growing restive under economic pressure.

The awakened workers, finding the power of the, Unions concentrated in the hands of the Trade Union officials by the obstructive rules and passive assent of the unawakened masses, who far outnumber the awakened, proceed to form new organisations. The merit of these new organisations is that they are manned by those who have joined them with a definite purpose and a desire for change, and are operated by the rank and file. Therefore, instead of being composed, like the Trade Unions, of inert masses, brought in by the pressure of custom and the attraction of the friendly benefits, they are composed of more or less conscious elements.

These rebel organisms, at war with the old Trade Unionism, cannot be combined with it: to make them an official part of the Unions is to destroy them: they exist as a protest against Conservatism in the Unions. They are an effervescent force, spasmodic and uncertain, sometimes merely revolting against hard conditions with no more than a fugitive purpose, but nevertheless representing the high-water mark of class-consciousness and discontent in the workshop. They are the forerunners of what, some day, will break out spontaneously to form the Soviets. They will function in times of crisis and they will die away, as the English Shop Stewards have now died down, almost to the point of extinction. Their more conscious elements are the active working-class Socialists, Communists, and Anarchists, who form the backbone of those movements, and who rally round them the rank and file of the workshops when feeling runs red enough amongst the masses to dispose the masses for action.

The Red Trade Union International formed by the Russian Communists as an ally of the Third International might have been composed of such elements: all the rebel elements that fight within the workshops. Its mainstay then (beside the Russians who have achieved their revolution) would have been the Germans who are near enough to the Revolution to maintain continuously in existence revolutionary groups within the workshops which, transcending the power ever yet exercised and the consciousness ever yet reached by the British Shop Stewards' movement, are able to assume the title of revolutionary Unions and have proved themselves by actual fighting in the revolutionary struggle.

The Third International was not content to make its industrial ally a relatively small, though intensely revolutionary body: it wanted something big and showy that could rival the Yellow Amsterdam International in actual numbers. Therefore it has built up a shapeless, incoherent body, decorated by the names of non-Communist Trade Union "bigwigs", with the paper backing of unconscious memberships that do not know what Trade Unionism means. These "bigwigs" would all depart from the Red International should it declare a policy of action that would lead to hardship and danger. But such an International is unlikely to declare such a policy.

When the Revolution comes, it is the revolutionary groups within the workshops which will make it – not the N.U.R., the Workers' Union, the Dockers' Union, and the rest, but those spontaneously-gathering workshop groups engineered by the conscious propagandists who maintain the Communist and Anarchist organisations and guided by the Communist and Anarchist organisations themselves, if any of them are strong enough to lead in the crisis. The Unions like the miners', in which the rank and file have obtained most power, and in which advanced thought has a hold on the largest proportion of the membership, may perhaps swing into line after the Revolution has been precipitated by unofficial action; they will not precipitate it.

To state this is not to follow mere imaginings: Russia herself, and Germany, with greater, more prolonged emphasis, have proved this to be the inevitable path of development.

Smillie and Hodges, Thomas, Henderson and Robert Williams may perhaps rush in to capture the Revolution when it is made, and may perhaps succeed for a time; that depends on whether there is a Labour Ministry at the moment of the outbreak, and upon a number of other considerations. In any case, it is certain that neither the Trade Unions nor their officials will actually make the Revolution. The Revolution will be a coup d'état by the conscious Communists and the turbulent rank and file.

It is essential that the Communist Party should not be a large confused mass of incoherent elements honeycombed by Parliamentary and Local Government place-hunters, by people who believe that "Parliamentary action will do it", and by those who have come into the Party merely because they disliked the intervention against Soviet Russia.

The Communist Party can only help to precipitate the Revolution, and, more important, to make the Revolution, when it comes at last a Communist Revolution, if it be a Party of Communists.

The Need to make Communists
From friends and opponents of Communism there is much talk of Revolution but, after all, our paramount need is to make Communists.

What proportion of the British population knows what Communism is?

What proportion of Communists agrees in its version of Communism; in its ideals for Communism?

When we come to discuss closely what is Communism, and how shall we make Communists, we find that the differences of opinion between Right and Left Communists are as deep and far reaching upon these two questions, as upon Parliamentarism and the Trade Unions. This again proves the need for perpetual controversy, study, and exchange of views in the Communist movement.

Why we joined the United Communist Party
We were strongly urged to throw, in our lot with a United Communist Party, and we ourselves desired a United Party: firstly most obviously, because, all told, we Communists, are as yet so few that it seemed desirable to join forces; secondly, because it was obvious that the B.S.P., the S.L.P., the W.S.F., the S.W.S.S. and the rest were divided, not wholly upon principle, but partly on geographical lines and on the accidental fact that certain members had happened to be converted by certain people. There were Parliamentarians and anti-Parliamentarians in every one of these organisations; there were opportunists and extremists in them all. If they were brought together, we hoped that the various like elements would amalgamate and form distinct blocks. Of course, we hoped most for the joining of forces by the scattered anti-Parliamentarians and extremists. We hoped also for their growing influence and final ascendancy in the united Party, failing that they could, should some crisis render it advisable, break out later on.

We never concealed this view, this desire and intention.

In Moscow, when Lenin strongly urged us to join the United Party, he said: "Form a Left block within it: work for the policy in which you believe, within the Party."

But the British Communist Party will not have it so. It declares for the extermination of Left Wing propaganda.

The Right majority in the Communist Parties of other countries has taken a similar line. The Executive of the Third International, after pleading with us to enter, now apparently encourages the excommunication of the Left Wing.

The Russian Party itself is being split; for Lenin, in a recent speech, which has just reached this country, announces that the "Workers' opposition is leaving the Russian Communist Party".

The German Communist Labour Party, the K.A.P.D. held an International Conference in Berlin, on September 11th, of Communists opposed to the Third International.

But the Communist Cause advances; do not doubt it: new tendencies are developing in the movement and must displace the old to make way for themselves.

Published in Workers' Dreadnought, September 24th, 1921. Taken from the Antagonism website.

Comments

Steven.

16 years 10 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Steven. on June 25, 2009

Subbing:
fixed spelling of workers dreadnought, and added workers dreadnought author/group tag

dn8-31.png

Including: Sacco and Vanzetti, Sylvia Pankhurst on Lloyd George, the beginning of the antagonism between the Russian proletariat and the Soviet government, Co-operation - its growth and ideology, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on May 21, 2025

Comments

Fozzie

11 months ago

Submitted by Fozzie on May 21, 2025

Interesting to see a reference to 'Left Wing' communist meetings on p7.

dn8-32.png

Including: open letter from Sylvia Pankhurst to George Bernard Shaw on Labour Party unemployment bill, global coal industry, why we need the Fourth Communist Workers' International by Herman Gorter, Ireland, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on May 22, 2025

Contains part three of the first version of Pankhurst's "Communism and its Tactics", extracts from bourgeois economist Fredrick Bastiat's "Economic Sophisms" on the conflicting interests between producers and consumers (serving here as an indictment of capitalist production), part four of a text by Charles Brower on the historic background of the Communist Manifesto, and other content.

Submitted by adri on March 31, 2020

dn8-40.png

Including: Esperanto, Frank Penman in London, historic background of the Communist Manifesto, India, Peter Kropotkin's "Revolutionary Essays" part 3, principles of the KAPD, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on June 3, 2025

Short article from the Workers' Dreadnought (17 December 1921) on the crisis of post-war German debt and hyperinflation. The article argued against rhetoric of "saving Britain," "saving Europe," and "saving civilization" as euphemisms for saving the capitalist system.

Submitted by adri on March 31, 2020

Saving the Boss


Mr. Ramsay MacDonald and other Liberals (for you know, fellow-worker, Mr. MacDonald is the most Liberal of the Liberals: there are few to equal him in orthodoxy) are working hard "to save Europe." They are very much pleased that Asquith, Winston Churchill, Lloyd George, and even most of the bluest of the Tories, have come round to their view, that Germany cannot be made to pay for the war.

Winston Churchill says he rejoices "to see that the simple fact that the payment from one country to another, can only be made in the form of goods or service, has once more become recognised by the most enlightened experts in different countries."

Mr. Ramsay MacDonald, and other I.L.P leaders, are greatly pleased to know that Mr. Churchill has said that. Theey feel that the support their policy is now getting from all parties has completely justified them. They are very much pleased also to find that even those of their Labour colleagues, who were loudest in demanding the German money and who were lately much ashamed of the I.L.P-ers, are now in absolute harmony with them.

The capitalists of all countries having accepted the I.L.P, policy, are now pulling together to get International Capitalism out of the difficulties into which it has fallen as a result of the war, the proletarian Revolution, so far as it has spread, and the mistakes which Allied Capitalism made during its war madness and victory drunkenness.

Capitalism feels that, for the present, it cannot afford to have friction in its own household just now. Even the Japanese, who are regarded as upstarts in the capitalist camp, are to be left in peace for ten years, it is said, though that agreement may not be adhered to. Big British Landlordism and Capitalism has climbed down from its throne so as to make concessions to the petty-Capitalism of Sinn Fein, and Germany is to be forgiven for ever daring to rival the British Empire, Capitalism must have peace in which to re-establish itself. Trade is thoroughly bad, and the currency is in a terrible mess.

One of the things which Capitalism thinks important, is to get the £ back to its pre-war value. In doing that, it will incidentally double the value of the money that the capitalists lent to their governments during the war. One of the necessary steps in getting the £ back to the pre-war value is to lower your wages, fellow-worker, but to lower the interest on the war debt, which your Government pays to the bosses, is something that the capitalists do not desire, and the Government, being a capitalist Government, does not propose to do. As the greater part of the National War Debt is lent to British capitalists, there will be a very big war debt for you to pay, fellow-worker, even if all the international war indebtedness of the nation is wiped out.

British capitalists intend to hold fast to the money they lent in War Loan to the British Government, whilst they play at being magnanimous, in advocating the cancelling of the international war debts and proposing a moratorium for Germany.

Do not be under the delusion, however, that the capitalists and their mouthpieces in the capitalist parties are proposing to cancel the international war debts and give Germany an indemnity from generous motives. They only propose these things because they see that they are ruining their own trade by making other nations bankrupt and reducing the value of money in those nations almost to zero.

The policy of the I.L.P and U.D.C was originally put forward from motives of generosity, no doubt, but the capitalist politicians are not adopting it from motives of generosity: they are adopting it because they realise that if they do not there will be a big smash up in the capitalist system. They are adopting the I.L.P policy to save the capitalist system from disaster. They say they are "saving Britain," "saving Europe," "saving civilisation," but they are saving Capitalism and nothing more.

They ask you to be enthusiastic about what they are doing to save Capitalism, fellow-worker, but as a matter of fact, your interest, and the interest of civilisation, is all the other way. To save Capitalism, means to keep you a wage-slave and to hinder the march of progress to Communism. A breakdown in the Capitalist system would provide the workers with their chance of liberation from the slavery of Capitalism.

Watch for that opportunity: organise to be able to take advantage of it. You have got to do that by bringing the facts of the case before your mates in the workshop.


The Searchlight

Comments

Pankhurst Communist Workers Party cover.jpg

List of objects and methods of the left-communist Communist Workers' Party, appearing in the 11 February 1922 issue of the Workers' Dreadnought. Pankhurst founded the Communist Workers' Party as the British counterpart to the Kommunistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands (KAPD) following her expulsion from the Communist Party of Great Britain in September 1921 and her break with Lenin and the Russian Communist Party.

Submitted by adri on April 2, 2025

Object:—

To overthrow Capitalism, the wage system, and the machinery of the Capitalist State, and to establish a world-wide Federation of Communist Republics administered by occupational Soviets.

Method:—

1.—To spread the knowledge of Communist principles amongst the people;

2.—To take no part in elections to Parliament and the local governing bodies, and to carry on propaganda exposing the futility of Communist participation therein;

3.—To refuse affiliation or co-operation with the Labour Party and all Reformist organisations;

4.—To emancipate the workers from the Trade Unions which are merely palliative institutions;

5.—To prepare for the proletarian revolution by setting up Soviets or workers' councils in all branches of production, distribution and administration, in order that the workers may seize and maintain control.

With this object, to organise one Revolutionary Union:

(a) built up on the workshop basis, covering all workers, regardless of sex, craft or grade, who pledge themselves to work for the overthrow of Capitalism and the establishment of the workers' Soviets;

(b) organised into a department for reach industry or service;

(c) the unemployed being organised as a department of the One Revolutionary Union, so that they may have local and national representation in the workers' Soviets;

6.—To affiliate to the Communist Workers' International, Fourth International.

Those who subscribe to the above principles are invited to join the preliminary organisation. Membership card will be sent on receipt of one shilling to the preliminary committee of the Fourth International at 152 Fleet Street, London, E.C.

Taken from the Workers' Dreadnought, Vol. 8 No. 48, 11 February 1922.

Comments

WD Vol 9 cover.jpg

Complete archive of issues from the ninth volume of the Workers' Dreadnought.

Submitted by adri on May 30, 2025

Comments

dn9-6.png

Including: Russian workers vs Soviet Government by Alexandra Kollontai, Guy Aldred, Frank Penman in London, the workers' International, French revolution, letters, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on June 20, 2025

"Russian workers vs Soviet Government" by Alexandra Kollontai is a serialisation of the "Workers Opposition" pamphlet.

Comments

dn9-8.png

Including: Rosa Luxemberg on the Russian revolution, Sulvia Pankhurst on the Genoa Economic and Financial Conference, Alexandra Kollontai on Russian workers vs the government part 3, French revolution, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on June 24, 2025

dn9-9.png

Including: Sylvia Pankhurst Petrograd poem, Frank Penman in London, Irish strike and lockout, media baron Lord Northcliffe's sham support for workers, Rosa Luxemburg on the Russian revolution continued, Alexandra Kollontai on workers vs Soviet govt continued, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on June 25, 2025

dn-9-10.png

Including: Parliament the people's enemy by Clara Gilbert Cole, Sylvia Pankhurst on a debate between the Communist Party of Great Britain and the Independent Labour Party, the Russian revolution continued by Rosa Luxemburg, British forces burn a hundred houses in India, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on June 26, 2025

"So Russia goes slipping back into capitalism. Yet the members of the Third International refuse to admit that anything has changed, and still declare that in Russia the proletariat is in control."

Sylvia Pankhurst, page 6.

Comments

dn9-11.png

Including: "Moscow" poem by Sylvia Pankhurst, unemployment activists fitted up by cops, Ireland lock out, Rosa Luxemberg on the Russian revolution continued, Russian workers vs Soviet govt by Alexandra Kollontai continued, the breakdown of our industrial system by Peter Kropotkin, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on June 29, 2025

dn9-12.png

Including: Repression of republicans in Northern Ireland, breakdown of our industrial system by Kropotkin continued, the Workers Opposition in Russia, Russian revolution by Luxemberg continued, Workers opposition by Kollontai continued, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on June 30, 2025

dn-9-15.png

Including: Constitution of the Irish Free State, Frank Penman in London, the failure of the united front, a madman encounters a group of workers by Friedrich Nietzsche, Kollontai's Workers Opposition continued, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on July 16, 2025

dn9-17.png

Including: Sylvia Pankhurst on the Labour Party conference, working conditions in coal mines, Kollontai's Workers Opposition continued, Motler's Red Nights continued, the war in Belfast, Clara Gilbert Cole on her arrest during housing activism, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on July 18, 2025

dn9-18.png

Including: Illinois striking miners make armed guards surrender, Glasgow resist evictions, the war in Belfast, Russian Workers Opposition appeal, working conditions of children in mines, Indian villages burnt by army, Motler's Red Nights continued, Irish news, verses from Shelley, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on July 21, 2025

dn9-22.png

Including: Court case for ex-servicemen who squatted abandoned house in Peckham, Kropotkin's breakdown of our industrial system continued, Guy Aldred's The Apostle continued, workers' control in Ireland, Kollontai's Workers Opposition continued, children down the mines continued, etc.

Submitted by Fozzie on July 25, 2025

open letter to lenin by sylvia pankhurst

An open letter from Sylvia Pankhurst to Lenin, which appeared as an article in the Vol. 9 No. 34 (4 November 1922) issue of the Workers' Dreadnought. In the article, Pankhurst notably accused Lenin and the parties of the Third International of abandoning communism.

Submitted by Spassmaschine on June 24, 2009

To Lenin, as representing the Russian Communist Party and the Russian Soviet Government.

We address you as representative of the Russian Soviet Government and the Russian Communist Party. With deep regret we have observed you hauling down the flag of Communism and abandoning the cause of the emancipation of the workers. With profound sorrow we have watched the development of your policy of making peace with Capitalism and reaction.

Why have you done this?

It seems that you have lost faith in the possibility of securing the emancipation of the workers and the establishment of world Communism in our time. You have preferred to retain office under Capitalism than to stand by Communism and fall with it if need be.

Yet if a great call, a high call, and a disinterested call to Communism might go out to the people at this time, from some source that could inspire them with trust, it seems that, in the terrible circumstances of the present hour, it must bear tremendous fruit. A period of great misery has fallen upon the peoples; they are suffering great bitterness in the bondage of this ruthless system of Capitalism, which is decaying from the awful and overwhelming growth of its own iniquities.

The exchanges are rising on the one hand, falling on the other, with a startling velocity, which is reflected in the miseries of the people. In the lands of high exchange values falls the blight of unemployment and lowered wages; in the lands of low exchanges is the merciless increase of prices, which forces the toilers to work, faster and ever faster, whilst starvation and want drain them, like cruel leeches, of the very life force they are expending, with desperate recklessness, upon their ill-requited toil.

The financial manipulators rule the world; they are the real Governments; and these puppet Governments, which take the stage for a time, must do their bidding or disappear from the scene.

In Italy we see once more the collapse of the old politics; but it is an evil and vile reaction which, in the shape of Fascism, has taken advantage of the general disgust with the sham fights and the futile tinkering and marking time of the Capitalist politicians. The Fascisti have acted. Because whilst others have so long been content only to talk through the welter of popular distress, the Fascisti, though with wickedness, have acted, multitudes have either followed them, or at least have refrained from actively opposing them. Because the talkers have only talked, no force has opposed the violence of the Fascisti.

The Fascisti have provided a means of existence, even though it is gained by the murder and terrorism of their class brothers and sisters, to masses of destitute demobilised soldiers. The talkers have done not even that; they have spoken of general well-being, but have produced nothing. Reformism can produce nothing of permanent value; it cannot change the essential features of Capitalism which are grinding the agonised masses between the upper and nether mill-stones.

These days of great misfortune are revealing, with piercing and ruthless clarity, the utter powerlessness of those who would reform the iniquitous system and would heal the grievous wounds which it inflicts. 'Work or maintenance for the unemployed', cries the reformist. In so far as the claim is conceded, the local burden of the concession is immediately placed on the shoulders of the working-class householders and their families and lodgers. In so far as unemployment maintenance is made, what is described as a national charge, it is transmitted, in the great complexities of the Capitalist system, into higher prices and reduced remuneration to the wage-earning community, which, having nothing to sell save its labour, has no means of recouping itself for its losses in the labour market and reduced purchasing power, since it cannot pass on its burden to be borne by someone else.

So it is with all the reforms projected by the reformer, in so far as they ever pass beyond the stage of discussion, for the populations of the world are in the grip of the great Capitalists, and there is no possibility of improvement till that stranglehold has been destroyed.

Even the most ignorant and unsophisticated are to-day instinctively aware of this; they realise that the reformist and his panaceas cannot help them; they observe, on the contrary, that every action of that costly monstrosity, the Capitalist Government, is attended by a devastating increase of parasitic and opulent administrators, the burden of whose maintenance, since they cannot pass it on to others, always falls on the classes least able to bear it. Realising their hopeless position under Capitalism, the people sink into spiritless apathy, concentrating on the effort to maintain an individual existence. In fear of a catastrophic future, they long vainly for a return to the grey humdrum of the pre-war struggle, which was less fierce than this of to-day.

Urgent is the need for the strong call to Communism, the clear explanation of the Communist life: its sane and wholesome mutual service: its large and all-embracing fraternity: its escape from this nightmare of poverty and power.

What have you done, O one-time trumpet of revolution? In your impatience of the slow awakening of far multitudes, you have turned your face from the world's lowly and enslaved. You have dabbled in the juggleries of Capitalist diplomacy; you have bartered and bargained with the destinies of the Russian proletariat; and broadcasted the message of your own desertion of Communism, wrapped up in tortuous and misleading casuistry, to the Communist movement throughout the world. By your subtle and specious arguments, and by the glamour of the Russian Revolution, through which you were regarded, you have diverted from the quest of Communism many who had been aroused by the call of Soviet Russia. Therefore we find those who lately set out bearing the standard of Communism, now working to place in power a Party which openly declares its opposition to Communism.

Therefore, instead of placing the knowledge of Communism before the peoples, we find the parties of the Third International urging the masses to continue fighting for a hotchpotch of futile and impossible reforms.

Taken from the Workers' Dreadnought, Vol. 9 No. 34, 4 November 1922.

Comments

syndicalist

16 years 10 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by syndicalist on June 24, 2009

Did Lenin reply?

Churl Firebeck

16 years 2 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Churl Firebeck on February 21, 2010

Seems like he didn't :cry:

Ysmail X

11 years 8 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Ysmail X on August 15, 2014

Yes, he replied.

https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1919/aug/28.htm

slothjabber

9 years ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by slothjabber on April 10, 2017

Pankhurst's 'open letter' is dated November 1922.

Lenin's 'reply' is dated September 1919.

Something wrong there I think.

Vlad The Inhaler

8 years 11 months ago

In reply to by libcom.org

Submitted by Vlad The Inhaler on May 6, 2017

Still as true today as it was then.

wd10.png

Complete archive of issues from the tenth volume of the Workers' Dreadnought.

Submitted by adri on May 30, 2025

Comments

WD - Vol 10 No 4 - 14 April 1923 cover.jpg

The 14 April 1923 issue of the Workers' Dreadnought (Vol. 10 No. 4).

Submitted by adri on May 2, 2025

Attachments

Comments

adri

11 months 3 weeks ago

Submitted by adri on May 2, 2025

I'm not sure why it says Vol. X No. 3 (instead of 4) on page 4 of this; I'm guessing that was just an error on the part of the Dreadnought.

UWO cover

The Manifesto of the Unemployed Workers' Organisation as it appeared in the Vol. 10 No. 16 (7 July 1923) issue of the Workers' Dreadnought. The UWO split from the more reformist National Unemployed Workers' Committee Movement.

Submitted by adri on August 8, 2023

A Revolt Against Futility.

Fellow workers,—

The above is the name of a new organisation which is not in any way connected with another organisation known as the National Unemployed Workers' Committee Movement. On the contrary, this organisation is the outcome of the inability of the N.U.W.C.M. as at present constituted to accomplish anything approaching a better standard of living for the workers, whether employed or unemployed.

Three Years Wasted.

We contend that the reason the N.U.W.C.M. after three years' attempt at organisation, has not accomplished anything, is because it has been dominated by professional politicians, many of whom have never been workers, and consequently know nothing of the working-class movement. This makes the movement a catspaw of political parties and has the effect of dividing the workers against themselves instead of uniting against the forces of Capitalism.

A Better Policy.

Therefore the principles on which the unemployed workers organise will be built as follows:

The working class and the employing class have nothing in common; there can be no peace as long as hunger and want are found amongst the millions of the working people whilst the few who make up one employing class have all the good things of life.

Between these two classes a struggle must go on until the workers of the world organise as a class, take possession of the earth and machinery of production, and abolish the wage system.

Not Work or Maintenance, but Abolition of Wagedom.

Instead of the Conservative motto of the N.U.W.C.M. "work at Trade Union rates or maintenance at Trade Union rates," we must inscribe on our banner the revolutionary watchword: "Abolition of the Wage System."

It is the historic mission of the working class to do away with Capitalism. The army of production must be organised not only for the everyday struggle with Capitalism, but also to carry on production when Capitalism shall have been overthrown. By organising industrially we are forming the structure of the new Society within the shell of the old.

Direct Action.

Realising that poverty caused by unemployment cannot be permanently abolished by palliative methods, we advocate the intensification of the class struggle by the application of direct action whenever necessary and whenever possible.

No Affiliation to Labour Party.

We are opposed to affiliation to a counter-revolutionary party as the Labour Party or such a reformist party as the Communist Party of Great Britain.

We likewise oppose affiliation to such reactionary organisation as the Trade Union Congress, and reject the R.I.L.U. [Red International of Labour Unions] because it admits Trade Unions to affiliate.

We firmly believe in the application of a rigid dictatorship of the proletariat when the collapse of Capitalism arrives, but until that time does arrive, we strongly object to the dictatorship of a [small caucus?] of self-seeking politicians who make the "united front" an excuse for their own self-aggrandisement.

No Reformism.

We fully expect to be charged with trying to split the movement—that is a stock cry of the politicians—but that will leave us quite cold. Who has split the movement more than these pseudo revolutionaries? They have made discipline a fetish instead of trying to understand what it means. In effect, they say: "Unless you agree with all our reformist ideas, unless you submit to our dictatorship, you cannot remain in our movement," forgetting that the workers' psychology does not permit of mental slavery.

On behalf of the Joint Committee,

Alfred J. Mummery, Chairman.

G. E. Soderberg, Secretary.

* * *

The Unemployed Workers' Organisation.1

We publish on our front page the manifesto of a newly formed Unemployed Workers' Organisation, and in subsequent issues we shall give further space to the activities of this organisation in our columns.

We are glad to do so, because we believe that the basis of the organisation is sound in the main. We hope that it may develop into a sturdy fighting body.

The organisation appears to have sprung up spontaneously. As a matter of fact, it is the result of a steady growth of progressive opinion, and it is the natural outcome of that Left-Wing opinion which was a factor when the original unemployed organisation was formed of numerous diverse elements.

The original organisation, which now calls itself the National Unemployed Workers' Committee Movement, has drifted steadily rightward since its formation. Originally the object stated on its membership card was the overthrow of the capitalist system. Now its objects are stated on its card as follows:

"The objects shall be to educate and organise the unemployed with a view to establishing the principle of 'Work or Full Maintenance at Trade Union rate of wages.'"

The original organisation has also applied, unsuccessfully, for affiliation to the Labour Party. Its activities have been greatly modified by the desire to secure such affiliation. This was specially evident at the time of the march to London, when the great effort ended with unexpected tameness under Labour Party influences.

One phrase has crept into the manifesto of the Unemployed Organisation which requires discussion. It is a phrase of which all Communists have made use, both of late and also since the days of Marx, Engels and Bachunin [Bakunin]. We refer to the term "the dictatorship of the proletariat." This in its original use meant the rigid suppression of the middle and upper classes in so far as they may endeavour to resist the coming of Socialism and to combat the popular will.

Latterly, under the inspiration of Russian bureaucrats, the term "dictatorship of the proletariat" has been used to justify the dictatorship of a party clique of officials over their own party members and over the people at large. So far has the dictatorship been carried [out] that the parties submitting to it have become utterly sterile as instruments of education and action. In Russia the dictatorship has robbed the revolution of all it fought for; it has banished Communism and workers' control.

Liberty is an essential part of the Communist revolution. We must not sacrifice it to the ambitions of would-be dictators.

  • 1This explanation of the Dreadnought's inclusion of the Manifesto, which was written by Pankhurst, appears in the same issue.

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socialism pankhurst cover

Article by Pankhurst describing her vision of a socialist society. The article appeared in the Vol. 10 No. 19 (28 July 1923) issue of the Workers' Dreadnought.

Submitted by adri on November 4, 2024

Socialism means plenty for all. We do not preach a gospel of want and scarcity, but of abundance.

Our desire is not to make poor those who to-day are rich, in order to put the poor in the place where the rich now are. Our desire is not to pull down the present rulers to put other rulers in their places.

We wish to abolish poverty and to provide abundance for all.

We do not call for limitation of births, for penurious thrift, and self-denial. We call for a great production that will supply all, and more than all the people can consume.

Such a great production is already possible, with the knowledge already possessed by mankind.

To-day production is artificially checked, consumption still more so.

How is production checked?

Production is checked by private ownership of land, the means of production and transport. In Scotland large areas of agricultural land are turned into deer forests. In every English county numerous large private parks are kept for the pleasure of single families. Production on farms is limited because farmers lack capital to enable them to employ the labour and materials necessary to work their land fully. Landowners with capital find more profitable means of employing their capital in agriculture or stock raising. Country landowners refuse to build cottages on their estates in order to preserve their own privacy. Landowners in and about towns put up the price of land till it becomes prohibitive to the purpose of building houses for any but the rich. Vacant plots remain for years until they are bought for factories or cinemas.

Production is also limited by inability to secure raw material owing to carefully organised cornering of supplies by persons who make money by such immoral practices, and by inability to pay the prices demanded for raw material.

Production is deliberately limited in order to secure high prices for short supplies, and because the market in which the produce can be sold at a profit is limited.

Production is to a minor extent limited by wage-workers in order to keep up the price of labour.

Consumption is cruelly limited by lack of means to purchase.

Our cities teem with people lacking the decencies and necessaries of life because they cannot afford to pay. Even Mr. Neville Chamberlain, a Tory Minister of Health, has admitted that a large proportion of the population of this relatively prosperous country is herded together under conditions which are scarcely human.

Entire nations are plunged into scarcity under which the poor die of starvation and even the middle and professional classes are reduced to hunger because the whirligig of finance has reduced the exchange value of the currency of such nations.

Capitalism offers no hope of ending this reign of poverty.

Millions of men and women, trained in the arts of production and transport, are unemployed, factories stand idle or run at half speed, land lies fallow, shops and warehouses teem with goods for which there are insufficient purchasers.

The majority of the population is not engaged in productive work. The greater part of the non-producers is employed in the buying, selling and advertising of the commodities produced by the minority. A large number of non-producers is employed in administering insurance doles, pensions, Poor Law relief and charity to the unemployed and to those whose wages do not suffice to maintain them. A considerable minority is living on rent and dividends drawn from the labour of the producers. This minority includes the people with a small unearned income just large enough to maintain them, and also the very rich who keep hundreds of persons uselessly employed in waiting upon them, who monopolise thousands of acres of land for their pleasure-grounds, and who sometimes consume inordinate quantities of manufactured goods to satisfy their insatiable desire for artificial pleasure and extravagant display.

This is the private property system.

We wish to replace it by Socialism.

Under Socialism the land, the means of production and transport are no longer privately owned: they belong to all the people. The title to be one of the joint owners of the earth and its products and the inheritance of collective human labour does not rest on any question of inheritance or purchase; the only title required is that one is alive on this planet. Under Socialism no one can be disinherited; no one can lose the right to a share or the common possession.

The share is not so many feet of land, so much food, so many manufactured goods, so much money with which to buy, sell, and carry on trade. The share of a member of the Socialist Commonwealth is the right and the possibility of the abundant satisfaction of the needs from the common store-house, the right to be served by the common service, the right to assist as an equal in the common production.

Under Socialism production will be for use, not profit. The community will ascertain what are the requirements of the people in food, clothing, housing, transport, educational facilities, books, pictures, music, theatres, flowers, statuary, wireless telegraphy - anything and everything that the people desire. Food, clothing, housing, transport, sanitation — these come first; all effort will be bent first to supply these; everyone will feel it a duty to take some part in supplying these. Then will follow the adornments and amusements, a comfortable, cultured and leisured people will produce artistic and scientific work for pleasure, and with spontaneity. Large numbers of people will have the ability and the desire to paint, to carve, to embroider, to play, and to compose music.

They will adorn their dwellings with their artistic productions, and will give them freely to whoever admires them.

When a book is written the fact will be made known, and whoever desires a copy of it, either to read or to keep, will make that known to the printers in order that enough copies may be printed to supply all who desire the book. So with a musical composition, so with a piece of statuary.

So, too, with the necessaries of life. Each person, each household, will notify the necessary agency the requirements in milk, in bread, and all the various foods, in footwear, in clothing. Very soon the average consumption in all continuous staples will be ascertained. Consumption will be much higher than at present, but production will be vastly increased: all those who are to-day unemployed or employed in the useless toil involved in the private property and commercial system, will be taking part in actual productive work; all effort will be concentrated on supplying the popular needs.

How will production be organised?

Each branch of production will be organised by those actually engaged in it. The various branches of production will be co-ordinated for the convenient supply of raw material and the distribution of the finished product.

Since production will be for use, not profit, the people will be freely supplied on application. There will be no buying and selling, no money, no barter or exchange of commodities.

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what socialism is not

Article by Pankhurst describing what socialism is not, in which she emphasizes the importance of worker councils as the main instruments of decision-making and workers' power. The article appeared in the Vol. 10 No. 21 (11 August 1923) issue of the Workers' Dreadnought. Pankhurst had previously published articles on the same theme, such as "What Is Socialism?" (Vol. 10 No. 17) and "Socialism" (Vol. 10 No. 19), in the preceding weeks.

Submitted by adri on November 4, 2024

The terms Socialism and Communism had originally the same meaning.

They indicate a society in which the land, the means of production and distribution are held in common, and in which production is for use, not profit.

State Socialism, with its wages and salaries, its money system, banks and bureaucracy, is really not Socialism at all, but State Capitalism.

A recent leading article in the "Daily Herald" referred to the Port of London Authority as "a concrete illustration of Socialism as a working system."

A more gross mis-statement could hardly be made. It was a specially cruel mis-statement, since the dockers are on strike against the Port of London Authority.

Mr. Herbert Morrison, secretary of the London Labour Party, and a man of very moderate views, wrote to the "Daily Herald" to protest. He pointed out that the Port of London Authority has a chairman appointed by the Board of Trade, ten members appointed by the Admiralty, the Board of Trade, the City Corporation, London County Council and Trinity House, only two of whom are Labour representatives. These ten members, who might be remotely regarded as public representatives, though most indirectly appointed, are counterbalanced by no fewer than 18 members elected by private capitalist interests, including payers of dues, owners of river craft and wharfingers, the voting being upon the basis of the business done.

Mr. Morrison declared it unfair to "genuine democratic Socialism" to regard the P.L.A. "as Socialism in practice."

He added, however, this very curious statement:

"I could understand such a phrase coming from a so-called Communist who admires Soviets."

It is well that Mr. Morrison prefixed the adjective "so-called." Obviously the Port of London Authority is the complete opposite of the Soviets under Communism.

The Soviets are the industrial councils under Communism.

Though the term Soviet is Russian, we cannot look to the Russia of to-day to find the correct Soviet. The Russian Soviets now in being are apt to be composite assemblies of representatives, not merely of workers in industries, but of political organisations, national groups, trade unions, etc.

The typic Soviets, or those which will arise under Communism, are not composite bodies of this kind. They consist, firstly, of the workers in a factory, on a farm, in a dockyard, in a ship, in a coalpit, in a railway station, and so on. In each centre of production the workers will co-operate in organising their work. The large factory or works may have, if convenient, several sub-councils, each managing its own affairs. For questions of organisation affecting the whole works, either all the workers may confer, should occasion arise, or delegates may be appointed to hold any discussion and make any arrangements that may seem necessary, provided, of course, those whose delegates they are agree to what has been planned.

For arrangements which may have to be made for an entire industry, or for a group of industries in a given area, delegates will be appointed and instructed in the same way from the workers in the various centres, and will make their reports in due course.

No professional class of delegates will be created. The delegates will be chosen from amongst those actually working, and will return to their work when the occasion for conference has passed.

No authoritarian control will be imposed, but an efficient system of statistical and information bureaux will knit together the workers' council organisation.

The object of the Workers' Council is not to govern a race of slaves, but to supply the needs of free people.

The forerunners of the Workers' Councils under Communism are those which have already begun to spring up under Capitalism. The war-time shop stewards' and workers' committee movement in this country was an example of this. Similar, but more advanced movements developed in other countries at the same period. In Germany these are still maintained.

In the Russian Revolution of 1905 Soviets or Workers' Councils arose, and also in the Revolution of 1917. In the German and Austrian Revolutions of 1918, and the various revolutionary outbreaks which have since occurred, the Workers' Councils have been the medium through which the workers have acted.

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Sylvia Pankhurst discusses the necessity of looking beyond such labels as 'anarchist', 'socialist' and 'communist', and engaging with the actual content of their ideas.

Submitted by Spassmaschine on June 24, 2009

Men and women call themselves Socialists, Communists, Anarchists, Individualists, thinking they thus explain their views to themselves and others. Yet question them, but a little; you will discover how few of them have any clear conception of what they mean by their labels. Thus it is that many fail to recognise a brother of their faith, unless he bear a label, discourse he never so fully and clearly upon his beliefs and ideals.

When we are considering the as yet intangible things of the future, the life of our hopes beyond our present experiences, precise thinking is difficult; prolonged research and meditation are necessary to arrive at any clearness of aim. Therefore behind the labels we find abundant confusion. The advocate of such an extreme form of State interference with the liberty of the individual as compulsory birth-control is found to label himself Individualist. Zealous upholders of Capitalism also label themselves Individualists, though Capitalism could not be maintained an hour without the power of the State forces, which protect private property, and prevent those who have not enough to satisfy their needs from despoiling those who have something to spare.

Self-styled Anarchists are found who have not thought out a single fundamental of a society without law, and who support variously nationalisation of the land, the single tax, and other State organised panaceas, Trade Unions with their centralised mechanism and oppressive officialdom, and petty trading and production for profit, which, like the larger Capitalism, necessitates law and its forces to protect the property-holder from being dispossessed.

So-called Socialists are found whose idea of Socialism consists in various reforms of the Capitalist system: Parliamentary legislation to secure such things as more liberal charity towards the poor or closer supervision over them, higher taxation or taxation on a new basis, municipal trading, State Capitalism, State subsidies and other encouragements to great Capitalism, or, on the other hand, war on great Capitalism, and State encouragement of small Capitalism, and other confused and conflicting expedients.

Self-styled Communists are found whose aims differ little if any from those of the most confused and vague of the reformists.

'What is Socialism, what is Communism, what is Anarchy?' ask a multitude of would-be converts, weary of the cruelty and waste of Capitalism and eagerly desiring an alternative. For answer they receive only confused denunciations of existing things; no hopeful vision of the new life which the labelled ones are supposed to advocate is vouchsafed them. They turn away empty and discouraged.

Programmes become cramping and conservative influences if men and women worship them as holy writ, and refuse their thoughts permission to go on before an accepted formula. Yet without discovering for ourselves what our aims really are, without defining them so that they may be understood by others, how shall we work for them, how shall we sow the seed that shall create a movement to achieve them?

Our aim is Communism. Communism is not an affair of party. It is a theory of life and social organisation. It is a life in which property is held in common; in which the community produces, by conscious aim, sufficient to supply the needs of all its members; in which there is no trading, money, wages, or any direct reward for services rendered.

The Individualist emphasises his dislike for coercion by the collectivity, his desire that the individual shall be free. We also dislike coercion and desire freedom; we aim at the abolition of Parliamentary rule; but we emphasise the interdependence of the members of the community; we emphasise the need that the common storehouse and the common service shall provide an insurance against want for every individual.

We aim at the common storehouse, not the individual hoard. We desire that the common storehouse shall bulge with plenty, and whilst the common storehouse is plenished we insist that none shall want.

We would free men and women from the stultifying need of making their own individual production pay; the peasant toiling uncounted hours with inadequate tools, the fear of incapacity and want always dogging his thoughts; the little business man counting his losses and profit with anxious mind; the wage-slave selling his labour cheaply and without security; the artist debarred from the effort to improve his skill and quest for his ideals by the insistence of the economic spur.

We aim at the common service; we desire that all should serve the community, that no longer should there be divers classes of persons; the hewers of wood and the drawers of water; the intellectuals, the leisured classes, who are merely parasites. The Individualist cries: 'Freedom.' We answer: 'Thou shalt not exploit.' 'Thou shalt not be a parasite.'

Yet we would have nothing of dictatorship: we believe that a public opinion can be treated which will produce a general willingness to serve the community. The exception to that general willingness will become, we believe, altogether a rarity; we would not have the occasional oddity who will not join the general effort disciplined by law; the disapprobation, even the pity of his fellows will insure his rarity.

The thought: 'I will not produce because I can secure a better living as a non-producer,' whether it be the thought of an employer, or of an unemployed worker, is a typical product of Capitalism. A society in which that thought predominates is inevitably one of poverty and exploitation. The thought: 'I will not produce if I can avoid it' falls like a blight upon society to-day. It is the inevitable product of the capitalist system.

Let us produce in abundance; let us secure plenty for all; let us find pleasure in producing; these thoughts must pervade the community if it is to be able to provide, in lavish measure, plenty for all-in material comfort, in art, in learning, in leisure. At such a community we aim. We emphasise the need for the Workshop Councils.

The Individualist fears that even the autonomous Workshop Councils may lead to the circumscribing of personal liberty. We however desire the Workshop Councils in order to insure personal liberty.

In the Communist Society at which we aim all will share the productive work of the community and all will take a part in organising that work.

How can it be done?

In these days of great populations and varied needs and desires people are not willing to return to the stage at which every individual or family made its own house, clothing, tools, utensils, and cultivated its own patch of soil and provided all its own tools. A return to productive work, a discarding of artificial and useless toil, we desire and expect to see, but work in which many workers co-operate we expect and desire to retain.

The building of engines and ships and all sorts of machinery, the construction of cables, weaving and spinning by machinery, and numberless other things are dependent on the co-ordinated work of large numbers of people. It is probable that developments in the use of electricity and other present and future inventions, will tend to render less economically necessary than used to be the case, both the vast workshop and the vast city. Moreover the influence of profit-making being eliminated, the unhealthy and uncongenial massing together of people will be checked. Nevertheless for at least a very long time, the large scale production wrought by many inter- related workers, will remain a necessary condition of maintaining both plenty and leisure for all.

If large numbers of people are working together and if the varied needs of large populations are to be supplied, the work will come either to be directed from above or from below. Unless each individual in the work shop is an independent co-operator, taking a conscious share in the organisation of the collective work, then all the workers in the shop must be under the direction of a manager; and that manager must either be appointed by those whom he directs or by some outside authority.

The same principle applies throughout the entire field of production, distribution, and transport; unless the workshops co-ordinate themselves, unless they themselves arrange their relationship with their sources of supply and the recipients of their products, then that co- ordination must be affected by an outside authority with power to enforce its authority.

In order to promote the liberty and initiative of the individual, as well as for the welfare of the collectivity, therefore, we emphasise the need for the autonomous workshop councils, co-ordinated along the lines of production, distribution and transport.

First published in Workers' Dreadnought, 3 November 1923. Taken from the Antagonism website

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adri

11 months ago

Submitted by adri on May 24, 2025

This got added to the Dreadnought outline?

Fozzie

11 months ago

Submitted by Fozzie on May 24, 2025

Yes I was trying to add it to the issue it was published in as a “child” page. Clearly not entirely successful!

Fozzie

11 months ago

Submitted by Fozzie on May 24, 2025

Tried to fix it, but there is sometimes a delay to changes being implemented.

Juan Conatz

11 months ago

Submitted by Juan Conatz on May 24, 2025

Looks good to me, it's a child page under the relevant issue.

WD - Vol 10 No 39 - 15 December 1923 cover.jpg

The 15 December 1923 issue of the Workers' Dreadnought (Vol. 10 No. 39).

Submitted by adri on May 28, 2025

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adri

10 months 3 weeks ago

Submitted by adri on May 28, 2025

An approving reference to the Kronstadt sailors in this issue (compared to the not-so-positive references in earlier issues):

Pankhurst wrote: The Russian Government some time ago declared an amnesty for the Kronstadt sailors who had participated in the heroic uprising of 1921, and who had succeeded in leaving Russia, after Kronstadt had been brutally suppressed. A large number of these sailors, trusting the promises of the Bolsheviki, returned to Russia. But no sooner had they entered Soviet Russia when they were all arrested, and after long imprisonment were on September 20th sentenced to three years concentration camp in the far north.

WD - Vol 10 No 41 - 29 December 1923 cover.jpg

The 29 December 1923 issue of the Workers' Dreadnought (Vol. 10 No. 41).

Submitted by adri on June 6, 2025

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adri

10 months 2 weeks ago

Submitted by adri on June 6, 2025

I again don't know why they give the incorrect issue number and date on the second page of this. I'm assuming it was just a mistake on the part of the Dreadnought. I don't think it's a scanning error, since the IA scans show the same incorrect issue number and date.

WD - Vol 10 No 45 - 26 January 1924 cover.jpg

The 26 January 1924 issue of the Workers' Dreadnought (Vol. 10 No. 45).

Submitted by adri on June 13, 2025

Comments

adri

10 months 1 week ago

Submitted by adri on June 14, 2025

Haven't read the entire article (much of it is actually just extracts/quotes), but there's some critical commentary on the Zionist movement in this issue. Pankhurst reviews the anti-Zionist Charles Robert Ashbee's book A Palestine Notebook: 1918-1923, in which Ashbee provided his views on the Zionist movement and Mandatory Palestine (i.e. British-occupied Palestine), among other topics. Ashbee had been a Civic Adviser for the Mandate government in Palestine.

Pankhurst wrote: Mr. Ashbee's opposition to Zionism is based on two facts:—

Firstly, the Jews are in a small minority in Palestine, and the country cannot be administred as a Jewish preserve, on the basis of a democratic franchise, because if the Arabs had the vote they would out-vote the Jews.

Also he regards the Jews [i.e. Zionists in Palestine presumably] as largely parasitic; as he thinks that only a small portion of them will be willing permanently to work on the land or as industrial producers. The majority will engage in trading and speculation.

Assuming Pankhurst paraphrased him accurately, I also disagree with the second point (especially the use of the word "Jew"); a large number of Zionists who migrated (or "made Aliyah") to Palestine were actually poor Eastern European Jews, not just exploitative or upper-class Zionists. Labor Zionists, such as those who migrated during the Third Aliyah (1919-1923), were mostly impoverished Eastern European Jews who stressed relying on Jewish (rather than Arab) labor in their effort to take over Palestine. To quote Charles Smith's book on the Arab-Israeli Conflict, these Labor Zionists "attacked Jewish landlords for using Arab labor, both as socialists on the grounds of exploitation and as Zionists on the grounds that these actions undermined the Zionist goal of a self-governing Jewish community devoted to restoring Palestine to Jewish control" (Smith 113). I'm not sure if Ashbee stated it elsewhere (I'm guessing he actually did and Pankhurst just didn't mention it here), but an opposition to Zionism should have instead been based on the wrongness of the idea itself and of displacing the Arabs already living there, not simply on the fact that it was unfeasible or would have created conflict.

westartfromhere

10 months 1 week ago

Submitted by westartfromhere on June 14, 2025

...an opposition to Zionism should have instead been based on the wrongness of the idea itself and of displacing the Arabs already living there...

The displacement of the population of Palestine based on a spurious ethnic basis, and an actual class (peasantry) basis, was not an original idea of Zionism but only came to be on the practical establishment of the new capitalist state of "Israel".

In reality, opposition to the established capitalist State of Israel has come not from the realm of ideas, whether those be the moral "wrongness" or practical infeasibility of this capitalist project, but purely and simply from the working class.